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@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ An economic bubble is a phenomenon in [markets](market.md) created by herd menta
Attempting to time the market on bubbles is a [zero-sum game](zero-sum-game.md) and has a negative [expected return](expected-return.md).
See ["madness of crowds"](madness-crowds.md), [market mania](market-mania.md) and [bandwagon bias](bandwagon-bias.md).
Historical bubbles:
## Examples
* South Sea Bubble
* Beanie Baby Bubble
* London Rail Bubble
@ -14,6 +13,8 @@ See ["madness of crowds"](madness-crowds.md), [market mania](market-mania.md) an
* Japanese Real Estate Bubble
* [Crypto asset](cryptoasset.md) Bubble
See ["madness of crowds"](madness-crowds.md), [market mania](market-mania.md) and [bandwagon bias](bandwagon-bias.md).
## References
1. Mackay, Charles. 2012. Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds. Simon and Schuster.

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# Gambling
An economic activity in which one party pays for the privilege of risking money on a probabilistic activity with negative [expected-return](expected-return.md). Often gambling games are [negative-sum](zero-sum-game.md).
Trading [crypto assets](cryptoasset.md) is often compared to gambling.
Trading [crypto assets](cryptoasset.md) is often compared to gambling.
## Examples
1. Packel, Edward W. Mathematics of Games and Gambling. Vol. 28. MAA, 2006.
1. Read, Colin. "Risk, Uncertainty, Fear, and Gambling." In The Fear Factor, pp. 112-117. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2009.

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## References
1. SEC v. WJ Howey Co. 1946. US. Supreme Court.
1. Coffee Jr, John C., Hillary Sale, and M. Todd Henderson. "Securities regulation: Cases and materials." (2015).
1. Burilov, Vlad. 2019. Regulation of Crypto Tokens and Initial Coin Offerings in the EU: De Lege Lata and de Lege Ferenda. European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 6 (2): 14686. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00602003.
1. Cornish, Chloe, and Richard Waters. 2018. Silicon Valley Investors Line up to Back Telegram ICO. Financial Times, January. https://www.ft.com/content/790d9506-0175-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5.
1. Hacker, Philipp, and Chris Thomale. 2018. Crypto-Securities Regulation: ICOs, Token Sales and Cryptocurrencies under EU Financial Law. European Company and Financial Law Review 15 (4): 64596.

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See also [security](security.md) and [regulatory arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md).
## References
1. Cornish, Chloe, and Richard Waters. 2018. Silicon Valley Investors Line up to Back Telegram ICO. Financial Times, January. https://www.ft.com/content/790d9506-0175-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5.
1. Kharif, Olga. 2018. Half of ICOs Die Within Four Months After Token Sales Finalized. Bloomberg.Com. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-09/half-of-icos-die-within-four-months-after-token-sales-finalized.
1. Livni, Ephrat, and Andrew Ross Sorkin. 2021. The Dramatic Crash of a Buzzy Cryptocurrency Raises Eyebrows. The New York Times, 28 June 2021, sec. Business. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/business/dealbook/icp-cryptocurrency-crash.html.
1. Andrés, Pablo de, David Arroyo, Ricardo Correia, and Alvaro Rezola. 2022. Challenges of the Market for Initial Coin Offerings. International Review of Financial Analysis 79: 101966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101966.
1. Burilov, Vlad. 2019. Regulation of Crypto Tokens and Initial Coin Offerings in the EU: De Lege Lata and de Lege Ferenda. European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 6 (2): 14686. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00602003.
1. Cincinnati, Josh. 2017. PonzICO: Lets Just Cut to the Chase.
1. Cornish, Chloe, and Richard Waters. 2018. Silicon Valley Investors Line up to Back Telegram ICO. Financial Times, January. https://www.ft.com/content/790d9506-0175-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5.
1. Hofman, Darra, Quinn DuPont, Angela Walch, and Ivan Beschastnikh. 2021. Blockchain Governance: De Facto (x)or Designed? In Building Decentralized Trust, 2133. x. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54414-0_2.
1. Walch, Angela. 2019a. In Code (Rs) We Trust: Software Developers as Fiduciaries in Public Blockchains.
1. ———. 2019b. Software Developers as Fiduciaries in Public Blockchains. Regulating Blockchain. Techno-Social and Legal Challenges, Ed. by Philipp Hacker, Ioannis Lianos, Georgios Dimitropoulos & Stefan Eich, Oxford University Press, 2019. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3203198.
1. Cumming, Douglas J., Sofia Johan, and Anshum Pant. 2019. Regulation of the Crypto-Economy: Managing Risks, Challenges, and Regulatory Uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12 (3): 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030126.
1. Davis, Mark and DavisBruce. 2021. Crowdfunding and the Democratization of Finance. Policy Press. https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/crowdfunding-and-the-democratization-of-finance.
1. Kelly, Jemima. 2019. The ICO Whose Team Members Are Literally Cartoon Characters. Financial Times. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/57805b32-0bbe-34cb-940c-66cdd1aec5e2.
1. Kharif, Olga. 2018. Half of ICOs Die Within Four Months After Token Sales Finalized. Bloomberg.Com. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-09/half-of-icos-die-within-four-months-after-token-sales-finalized.
1. Livni, Ephrat, and Andrew Ross Sorkin. 2021. The Dramatic Crash of a Buzzy Cryptocurrency Raises Eyebrows. The New York Times, 28 June 2021, sec. Business. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/business/dealbook/icp-cryptocurrency-crash.html.
1. Low, Kelvin F K. 2021. The Emperors New Art: Cryptomania, Art & Property. Art & Property. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3978241.
1. Maddox, Alexia, and Luke J Heemsbergen. 2021. Digging in Crypto-Communities Future-Making: From Dark to Doge. M/C Journal 24 (2 SE-). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2755.
* [@kharif_half_2018]
* [@zetzsche_ico_2017]
* [@kelly_ico_2019]
* [@debler_foreign_2018]
* [@cincinnati_ponzico_2017]
* [@howell_initial_2018]
* [@boreiko_serial_2020]
* [@benedetti_digital_2018]
* [@momtaz_entrepreneurial_2020]
1. Maddox, Alexia, and Luke J Heemsbergen. 2021. Digging in Crypto-Communities Future-Making: From Dark to Doge. M/C Journal 24 (2 SE-). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2755.

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# Illicit Financing
Illicit financial flows are illegal movements of money from one country to another that are illegally earned, transferred, or associated with criminal activity.
See also [money laundering](money-laundering.md), [counter-terrorism financing](ctf.md), and [sanctions enforcement](sanctions-enforcement.md).
See also [money laundering](money-laundering.md), [counter-terrorism financing](ctf.md), and [sanctions enforcement](sanctions-enforcement.md).
## References
1. Fanusie, Yaya, and Tom Robinson. 2018. Bitcoin Laundering: An Analysis of Illicit Flows into Digital Currency Services. Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance Memorandum, January.
1. Orcutt, Mike. 2020. This Is How North Korea Uses Cutting-Edge Crypto Money Laundering to Steal Millions. MIT Technology Review. MIT Technology Review. http://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/05/916688/north-korean-hackers-cryptocurrency-money-laundering/.
1. Buttigieg, Christopher P., Christos Efthymiopoulos, Abigail Attard, and Samantha Cuyle. 2019. Anti-Money Laundering Regulation of Crypto Assets in Europes Smallest Member State. Law and Financial Markets Review 13 (4): 21127. https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2019.1663996.
1. Fanusie, Yaya, and Tom Robinson. 2018. Bitcoin Laundering: An Analysis of Illicit Flows into Digital Currency Services. Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance Memorandum, January.
1. Feinstein, Brian D., and Kevin Werbach. 2020. The Impact of Cryptocurrency Regulation on Trading Markets. SSRN Electronic Journal 7 (1): 4899. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3649475.
1. Ferreira, Agata. 2021. The Curious Case of Stablecoins—Balancing Risks and Rewards? Journal of International Economic Law 24 (4): 75578. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab036.
1. Fletcher, Emily, Charles Larkin, and Shaen Corbet. 2021. Countering Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing: A Case for Bitcoin Regulation. Research in International Business and Finance 56 (January): 101387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101387.
1. Miscione, Gianluca, and Donncha Kavanagh. 2015. Bitcoin and the Blockchain: A Coup dEtat in Digital Heterotopia? SSRN Electronic Journal, no. 2006: 127. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2624922.
1. Rae, Shaela W, and Lorraine Mastersmith. 2019. Crypto Asset Trading in Canada: Entering a New Era of Regulation. Banking & Finance Law Review 35 (1): 15385.
1. Renwick, Robin, and Rob Gleasure. 2021. Those Who Control the Code Control the Rules: How Different Perspectives of Privacy Are Being Written into the Code of Blockchain Systems. Journal of Information Technology 36 (1): 1638. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268396220944406.

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@ -8,4 +8,11 @@ KYC is used to assign an identity to a crypto [wallet](wallet.md) account and is
See also [money-laundering](money-laundering.md), [aml](aml.md), [illicit-financing](illicit-financing.md) and [regulatory-arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md).
## References
1. Petro, Louis W., James P. Martin, Adam A. Wadecki, and Harry Cendrowski. The handbook of fraud deterrence. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
1. Petro, Louis W., James P. Martin, Adam A. Wadecki, and Harry Cendrowski. The handbook of fraud deterrence. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
1. Rae, Shaela W, and Lorraine Mastersmith. 2019. Crypto Asset Trading in Canada: Entering a New Era of Regulation. Banking & Finance Law Review 35 (1): 15385.
1. Papadopoulos, Georgios. 2015. Currency and the Collective Representations of Authority, Nationality, and Value. Journal of Cultural Economy 8 (4): 52134. https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2014.989884.
1. Renieris, Elizabeth M. n.d. Why a Little-Known Blockchain-Based Identity Project in Ethiopia Should Concern Us All. Centre for International Governance Innovation. Accessed 22 February 2022. https://www.cigionline.org/articles/why-a-little-known-blockchain-based-identity-project-in-ethiopia-should-concern-us-all/.
1. Cumming, Douglas J., Sofia Johan, and Anshum Pant. 2019. Regulation of the Crypto-Economy: Managing Risks, Challenges, and Regulatory Uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12 (3): 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030126.
1. Ivaniuk, Viktoria. 2020. Cryptocurrency Exchange Regulation An International Review. Magda Dziembowska, Robert Dziembowski, Apelacja w Postępowaniu, 67.
1. Johnson, Kristin N. 2021. Decentralized Finance: Regulating Cryptocurrency Exchanges. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3831439.
1. White, Molly. 2022. Cryptocurrency Off-Ramps, and the Shift towards Centralization. Molly White. 12 February 2022. https://blog.mollywhite.net/off-ramps/.

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# Leverage
Leverage refers to the use of debt to increase the size of a position in an investment.
Leverage refers to the use of debt to increase the size of a position in an investment.
## References
1. Roche, Cullen O. 2011. Understanding the Modern Monetary System. http://ssrn.com/paper=1905625.
1. Grinold, Richard C., and Ronald N. Kahn. Active portfolio management: Quantitative theory and applications. Probus, 1995.
1. Wilmott, Paul. Paul Wilmott introduces quantitative finance. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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# Market Maker
A entity of business with performs the business of creating a market, connecting buyers and sellers to exchange goods and services. The trading of financial assets is a regulated activity and involves [price-formation](price-formation.md) and making of an [order book](order-book.md).
See also [order book](order-book.md) and [crypto exchange](crypto-exchange.md).
See also [order book](order-book.md) and [crypto exchange](crypto-exchange.md).
## References
1. Harris, Larry. Trading and exchanges: Market microstructure for practitioners. OUP USA, 2003.
1. Doctorow, C. (2022, February 3). Pluralistic: 03 Feb 2022 Pluralistic: Daily links from Cory Doctorow. https://pluralistic.net/2022/02/03/liquidation-preference/
1. Ivaniuk, Viktoria. 2020. Cryptocurrency Exchange Regulation An International Review. Magda Dziembowska, Robert Dziembowski, Apelacja w Postępowaniu, 67.
1. White, Molly. 2022. Cryptocurrency Off-Ramps, and the Shift towards Centralization. Molly White. 12 February 2022. https://blog.mollywhite.net/off-ramps/.
1. Lefevre, Edwin. 2004. Reminiscences of a Stock Operator. Vol. 175. John Wiley & Sons.
1. Cumming, Douglas J., Sofia Johan, and Anshum Pant. 2019. Regulation of the Crypto-Economy: Managing Risks, Challenges, and Regulatory Uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12 (3): 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030126.
1. Johnson, Kristin N. 2021. Decentralized Finance: Regulating Cryptocurrency Exchanges. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3831439.
1. Mizrach, Bruce. 2021. Stablecoins: Survivorship, Transactions Costs and Exchange Microstructure. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3835219.
1. Roubini, Nouriel. 2019. The Great Crypto Heist. Project Syndicate 16. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/cryptocurrency-exchanges-are-financial-scams-by-nouriel-roubini-2019-07.

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@ -7,4 +7,7 @@ A payment network arises out of network effects of collection of interconnected
See also [decentralization](decentralization.md) and [recentralization](recentralization.md).
## References
## References
1. Katz, Michael L., and Carl Shapiro. "Systems competition and network effects." Journal of economic perspectives 8, no. 2 (1994): 93-115.
1. Metcalfe, Bob. "Metcalfe's law after 40 years of ethernet." Computer 46, no. 12 (2013): 26-31.
1. Newman, Mark EJ. "The mathematics of networks." The new palgrave encyclopedia of economics 2, no. 2008 (2008): 1-12.

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There are vast differences in design of different matching engines and ways of calculating the market maker spread to give rise to different dynamics of [price formation](price-formation.md) on a given exchange. Distortions of the order book and order matching can be used to do [market manipulation](market-manipulation.md).
## References
## References
1. Harris, Larry. Trading and exchanges: Market microstructure for practitioners. OUP USA, 2003.
1. Cont, Rama, Arseniy Kukanov, and Sasha Stoikov. "The price impact of order book events." Journal of financial econometrics 12, no. 1 (2014): 47-88.
1. Mertens, Jean-François. "The limit-price mechanism." Journal of Mathematical Economics 39, no. 5-6 (2003): 433-528.

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@ -3,4 +3,7 @@ Paper wealth is [value](value.md) that is stored on behalf of a customer or coun
[Crypto assets](cryptoasset.md) held in [crypto exchanges](crypto-exchange.md) are an example of paper wealth.
See also [counterparty risk](counterparty-risk.md) and [bank run](bank-run.md).
See also [counterparty risk](counterparty-risk.md) and [bank run](bank-run.md).
## References
1. Petro, Louis W., James P. Martin, Adam A. Wadecki, and Harry Cendrowski. The handbook of fraud deterrence. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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## References
1. Janeway, William H. Doing capitalism in the innovation economy: Markets, speculation and the state. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
1. Harris, Larry. Trading and exchanges: Market microstructure for practitioners. OUP USA, 2003.
1. Fama, Eugene F. "Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work." The journal of Finance 25, no. 2 (1970): 383-417.
1. Fama, Eugene F., and Kenneth R. French. "Size, value, and momentum in international stock returns." Journal of financial economics 105, no. 3 (2012): 457-472.

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* [Anti-money laundering law](../concepts/aml.md)
* [Counter-terrorism financing](../concepts/ctf.md)
* [Money services business](../concepts/money-services-business.md)
* [Market manipulation](../concepts/market-manipulation.md)
* [Market manipulation](../concepts/market-manipulation.md)
## References
1. Dal Bó, Ernesto. "Regulatory capture: A review." Oxford review of economic policy 22, no. 2 (2006): 203-225.
1. Petro, Louis W., James P. Martin, Adam A. Wadecki, and Harry Cendrowski. The handbook of fraud deterrence. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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# Regulatory Capture
The movement of people working in regulatory bodies to take jobs in the industries they used to regulate. This may introduce conflicts of interest which are not in the public interest.
See also [regulatory-arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md).
See also [regulatory arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md).
## References
1. Dal Bó, Ernesto. "Regulatory capture: A review." Oxford review of economic policy 22, no. 2 (2006): 203-225.

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@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ A legal framework in which counterparties to a contract are given time-varying r
## Examples
* [stock](stock.md)
* [bond](bond.md)
* [derivative](derivative.md)
* [Stock](stock.md)
* [Bond](bond.md)
* [Derivative](derivative.md)
## References
1. Coffee Jr, John C., Hillary Sale, and M. Todd Henderson. "Securities regulation: Cases and materials." (2015).

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# Sign Value
Sign value denotes and describes the intangible value accorded to an object because of the prestige or social status that it imparts upon the possessor, rather than the [use value](use-value.md) and [income cashflows](income-cashflows.md) derived from the function or use of the asset.
See [art](art.md), [narrative economics](narrative-economics.md), [endowment effect](endowment-effect.md) and [bandwagon bias](bandwagon-bias.md).
See [art](art.md), [narrative economics](narrative-economics.md), [endowment effect](endowment-effect.md) and [bandwagon bias](bandwagon-bias.md).
## References
1. Debord, Guy. Society of the Spectacle. Bread and Circuses Publishing, 2012.
1. Baudrillard, Jean. "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy." (2007).

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@ -11,4 +11,9 @@ Stocks return [income-cashflows](income-cashflows.md) generated by the enterpris
1. Dividend payments
2. Stock buybacks
3. Mergers and Acquisitions
3. Mergers and Acquisitions
## References
1. Fama, Eugene F. "Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work." The journal of Finance 25, no. 2 (1970): 383-417.
1. Janeway, William H. Doing capitalism in the innovation economy: Markets, speculation and the state. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
1. Lefevre, Edwin. 2004. Reminiscences of a Stock Operator. Vol. 175. John Wiley & Sons.

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# Terminal Value
In quantitative finance, the terminal value of a [financial asset](financial-asset.md) is the [present value](present-value.md) of its [income](income-cashflows.md) at a future point in time (called the *horizon*) of all future cash flows can be estimated.
See also [present value](present-value.md).
See also [present value](present-value.md).
## References
1. Grinold, Richard C., and Ronald N. Kahn. Active portfolio management: Quantitative theory and applications. Probus, 1995.
1. Wilmott, Paul. Paul Wilmott introduces quantitative finance. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ A acronym or saying that is used within a [high control group](high-control-grou
* Anti-intellectualism
* Tribalism
See also [bandwagon bias](bandwagon-bias.md), [high-control-group](high-control-group.md), [madness of crowds](madness-crowds.md) and [Tinkerbell effect](tinkerbell-effect.md).
See also [bandwagon bias](bandwagon-bias.md), [high-control-group](high-control-group.md), [madness of crowds](madness-crowds.md), [whataboutism](whataboutism.md) and [Tinkerbell effect](tinkerbell-effect.md).
## References
1. Bernstein, William J. 2021. The Delusions of Crowds: Why People Go Mad in Groups. Grove Press.

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concepts/whataboutism.md Normal file
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# Whataboutism
In debate, a *whataboutism* is a fallacy of responding to an accusation or difficult question by making a counter-accusation or raising a different issue as a means of distracting from the issue at hand. This type of argument is very common in online discussions.
See also [thought-terminating cliches](../concepts/thought-terminating-cliches.md) and [high control group](../concepts/high-control-group.md).
## References
1. OConnell, Eoin. "Whataboutery." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 34, no. 2 (2020): 243-254.
1. Battaly, Heather. "Varieties of epistemic vice." The ethics of belief (2014): 51-76.

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* [Value](../concepts/value.md)
* [Use value](../concepts/use-value.md)
* [Sign value](../concepts/sign-value.md)
* [Whataboutism](../concepts/whataboutism.md)
* [Bubbles](../concepts/bubble.md)
* ["Madness of crowds"](../concepts/madness-crowds.md)
* [Decentralization](../concepts/decentralization.md)

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@ -33,26 +33,26 @@ First pass
Second pass
- [ ] [free-rider-problem](../concepts/free-rider-problem.md)
- [ ] [gambling](../concepts/gambling.md)
- [ ] [ico](../concepts/ico.md)
- [ ] [illicit-financing](../concepts/illicit-financing.md)
- [ ] [kyc](../concepts/kyc.md)
- [ ] [leverage](../concepts/leverage.md)
- [x] [gambling](../concepts/gambling.md)
- [x] [ico](../concepts/ico.md)
- [x] [illicit-financing](../concepts/illicit-financing.md)
- [x] [kyc](../concepts/kyc.md)
- [x] [leverage](../concepts/leverage.md)
- [x] [market](../concepts/market.md)
- [ ] [market-maker](../concepts/market-maker.md)
- [x] [market-maker](../concepts/market-maker.md)
- [x] [meme-stock](../concepts/meme-stock.md)
- [ ] [mutualization](../concepts/mutualization.md)
- [ ] [narrative-economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md)
- [ ] [network-effect](../concepts/network-effect.md)
- [ ] [order-book](../concepts/order-book.md)
- [ ] [paper-wealth](../concepts/paper-wealth.md)
- [x] [network-effect](../concepts/network-effect.md)
- [x] [order-book](../concepts/order-book.md)
- [x] [paper-wealth](../concepts/paper-wealth.md)
- [ ] [public-goods-problem](../concepts/public-goods-problem.md)
- [ ] [real-estate](../concepts/real-estate.md)
- [ ] [regulation](../concepts/regulation.md)
- [ ] [regulatory-capture](../concepts/regulatory-capture.md)
- [ ] [security](../concepts/security.md)
- [ ] [sign-value](../concepts/sign-value.md)
- [ ] [stock](../concepts/stock.md)
- [x] [regulation](../concepts/regulation.md)
- [x] [regulatory-capture](../concepts/regulatory-capture.md)
- [x] [security](../concepts/security.md)
- [x] [sign-value](../concepts/sign-value.md)
- [x] [stock](../concepts/stock.md)
- [x] [techno-obscurantism](../concepts/techno-obscurantism.md)
- [ ] [terminal-value](../concepts/terminal-value.md)
- [ ] [value](../concepts/value.md)

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@ -107,4 +107,11 @@ Fourth Pass
- [x] [cross-bridges](../concepts/cross-bridges.md)
- [x] [staking](../concepts/staking.md)
- [x] [technopopulism](../concepts/technopopulism.md)
- [x] [yield-farming](../concepts/yield-farming.md)
- [x] [yield-farming](../concepts/yield-farming.md)
Fifth pass
- [ ] [enclosure](../concepts/enclosure.md)
- [ ] [amm](../concepts/amm.md)
- [ ] [dex](../concepts/dex.md)
- [ ] [narrative-economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md)