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<title>Zotero Report</title>
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<body>
<ul class="report combineChildItems">
<li id="item_SF98QIPV" class="item webpage">
<h2>$69 Million Non-Fungible Token Sale Mixes High Art and Cryptocurrency Worlds</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/19/nft-beeple-69-million-art-crypto-nonfungible-token/">https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/19/nft-beeple-69-million-art-crypto-nonfungible-token/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:05:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:05:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:09:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_QKWBN9CP" class="item blogPost">
<h2>‘Crypto Ruined My Life’: The Mental Health Crisis Hitting Bitcoin Investors</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ruchira Sharma</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The stress and anxiety that goes with funneling your life savings into a volatile market is no joke.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-16T09:00:00.000Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>‘Crypto Ruined My Life’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/akvn8z/crypto-bad-for-mental-health">https://www.vice.com/en/article/akvn8z/crypto-bad-for-mental-health</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:14:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Vice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:14:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:14:42</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Crypto</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Ethereum</li>
<li>Mental Health</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_ZFBEN6RK">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_S7FFBLXY" class="item blogPost">
<h2>“Certitude is not the test of certainty. We have been cocksure of many things that were not so.” - Oliver Wendell Holmes</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bill Miller</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>No one can be certain of the future of Bitcoin, but here are some reasons we find it compelling.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017-11-02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://millervalue.com/certitude-not-test-certainty/">https://millervalue.com/certitude-not-test-certainty/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:24:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Miller Value Partners</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:24:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:26:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>read/catherine</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_APH3PPF2">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_22ZBLW95" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>“Digital Gold” and geopolitics</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Refk Selmi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jamal Bouoiyour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mark E. Wohar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>There is a growing empirical literature on Bitcoin and gold
safe haven properties with respect to financial risks and macroeconomic
news but very scarce literature regarding geopolitical risks. This paper
provides a fresh insight into the Bitcoin safe haven status, in
comparison to gold. We, first, propose a geopolitical risk composite
indicator based on various sources of geopolitical risks. A Principal
Component Analysis is conducted to group the information on these
indicators. Second, a dynamic Markov-switching copula model (which
accommodates a dynamic link between the developed geopolitical risk
index and Bitcoin and gold price dynamics within low and high risk
regimes) is used. We show that both Bitcoin and gold respond positively
to the composite geopolitical risk indicator when risk is high. This
underscores that both Bitcoin and gold have the ability to act as safe
havens for assets whose valuations plummet during times of violent
geopolitical conflicts. But such properties seem to be conditional upon
different categories of geopolitical risks.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101512</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Research in International Business and Finance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101512">10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101512</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>02755319</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Dependence switching copula model</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>Geopolitical risks</li>
<li>Gold</li>
<li>Principal component analysis</li>
<li>Safe haven</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3D5CS23S" class="item webpage">
<h2>“Play-to-earn” and Bullshit Jobs</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul Butler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://paulbutler.org/2021/play-to-earn-and-bullshit-jobs/">https://paulbutler.org/2021/play-to-earn-and-bullshit-jobs/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:15:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:15:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:15:58</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_P65GYAZT">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AEVLHBCC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>“The most trustworthy coin”: How ideology builds and maintains trust in bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Megan Knittel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shelby Pitts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rick Wash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin is an innovative technological network, a new,
non-governmental currency, and a worldwide group of users. In other
words, Bitcoin is a complex sociotechnical system with a complex set of
risks and challenges for anyone using it. We investigated how everyday
users of Bitcoin develop trust in Bitcoin on one of the largest online
communities devoted to Bitcoin: the Reddit.com r/bitcoin forum. Using
qualitative content analysis, we examined how trust in Bitcoin develops
based on contributions to this community. On r/bitcoin, trust in Bitcoin
is driven by a pervasive ideology we call the “True Bitcoiner”
ideology. This ideological viewpoint in centered on the interpretation
of Bitcoin as functionally “trustless” and risk-free. Despite widespread
evidence of emerging individual and system-level risks with using
Bitcoin, participants continue to maintain this ideological perspective.
This ideology consists of three primary beliefs: viewing Bitcoin's
technology as more trustworthy than its people; rejecting ‘corrupt'
social hierarchies related to money; and the importance of accumulating
or ‘HODLing' quantities of Bitcoin as a strategy to create an ideal
future. We conclude that this “True Bitcoiner” ideology is maintained
despite contradictory evidence in the world because it allows
participants to more easily interpret Bitcoin and make decisions by
reducing perceived risk and uncertainty in the system. The role of this
ideology on r/bitcoin demonstrates an expanded conceptualization of how
trust is created and socially-mediated in socio-technical contexts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: ACM New York, NY, USA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1145/3359138">10.1145/3359138</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>CSCW</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25730142</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>Ideology</li>
<li>Online communities</li>
<li>Reddit</li>
<li>Sociotechnical systems</li>
<li>Trust</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TRWKZ3P5" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>“This place does what it was built for”: Designing digital institutions for participatory change</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Seth Frey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>P. M. Krafft</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Brian C. Keegan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Whether we recognize it or not, the Internet is rife with
exciting and original institutional forms that are transforming social
organization on and offline. Governing these Internet platforms and
other digital institutions has posed a challenge for engineers and
managers, many of whom have little exposure to the relevant history or
theory of institutional design. The dominant guiding practices for the
design of digital institutions to date in human-computer interaction,
computer-supported cooperative work, and the tech industry at large have
been an incentive-focused behavioral engineering paradigm encompassing
atheoretical approaches such as emulation, A/B-testing, engagement
maximization, and piecemeal issue-driven engineering. One institutional
analysis framework that has been useful in the study of traditional
institutions comes from scholars of natural resource management,
particularly that community of economists, anthropologists, and
environmental and political scientists focused around the work of Elinor
Ostrom, known collectively as the “Ostrom Workshop.” A key finding from
this community that has yet to be broadly incorporated into the design
of many digital institutions is the importance of including
participatory change mechanisms in what is called a “constitutional
layer” of institutional design. The institutional rules that compose a
constitutional layer facilitate stakeholder participation in the ongoing
process of institutional design change. We explore to what extent
consideration of constitutional layers is met or could be better met in
three varied cases of digital institutions: cryptocurrencies, cannabis
informatics, and amateur Minecraft server governance. Examining such
highly varied cases allows us to demonstrate the broad relevance of
constitutional layers in many different types of digital institutions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: ACM New York, NY, USA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1145/3359134">10.1145/3359134</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>CSCW</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25730142</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
<li>Computational social science</li>
<li>Digital democracy</li>
<li>Digital institutions</li>
<li>Institutional analysis</li>
<li>Institutional design</li>
<li>Knowledge commons</li>
<li>Resource management</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CLFDYLVR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>2nd Global Enterprise Blockchain Benchmarking Study</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michel Rauchs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Apolline Blandin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Keith Bear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen B McKeon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://ssrn.com/paper=3461765">http://ssrn.com/paper=3461765</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_LQI8E6A6" class="item webpage">
<h2>7 Things To Read About Bitcoin (For Institutional Investors)</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matt Huang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>After some quiet years, Bitcoin is top of mind again. We
recently published a paper ("Bitcoin for the Open-Minded Skeptic") to
help demystify Bitcoin for a new cohort of investors. Many</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-05-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.paradigm.xyz/2020/05/7-things-to-read-about-bitcoin-for-institutional-investors">https://www.paradigm.xyz/2020/05/7-things-to-read-about-bitcoin-for-institutional-investors</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:18:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Paradigm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:18:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:19:21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_BXFIP8DU">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ETFQF4VR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A comparative analysis of the platforms for decentralized autonomous organizations in the Ethereum blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Youssef Faqir-Rhazoui</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Javier Arroyo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Samer Hassan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology has enabled a new kind of distributed
systems. Beyond its early applications in Finance, it has also allowed
the emergence of novel new ways of governance and coordination. The most
relevant of these are the so-called Decentralized Autonomous
Organizations (DAOs). DAOs typically implement decision-making systems
to make it possible for their online community to reach agreements. As a
result of these agreements, the DAO operates automatically by executing
the appropriate portion of code on the blockchain network (e.g., hire
people, delivers payments, invests in financial products, etc). In the
last few years, several platforms such as Aragon, DAOstack and DAOhaus,
have emerged to facilitate the creation of DAOs. As a result, hundreds
of these new organizations have appeared, with their communities
interacting mediated by blockchain. However, the literature has yet to
appropriately explore empirically this phenomena. In this paper, we aim
to shed light on the current state of the DAO ecosystem. We review the
three main platforms nowadays (Aragon, DAOstack, DAOhaus) which
facilitate the creation and management of DAOs. Thus, we introduce their
main differences, and compare them using quantitative metrics. For such
comparison, we retrieve data from both the main Ethereum network
(mainnet) and a parallel Ethereum network (xDai). We analyze data from
72,320 users and 2,353 DAO communities in order to study the three
ecosystems across four dimensions: growth, activity, voting system and
funds. Our results show that there are notable differences among the DAO
platforms in terms of growth and activity, and also in terms of voting
results. Still, we consider that our work is only a first step and that
further research is needed to better understand these communities, and
evaluate their level of accomplishment in reaching decentralized
governance.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 1317402100139
Publisher: Journal of Internet Services and Applications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Internet Services and Applications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/s13174-021-00139-6">10.1186/s13174-021-00139-6</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>18690238</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Ethereum</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Governance</li>
<li>DAO</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
<li>Decentralized autonomous organization</li>
<li>Distributed systems</li>
<li>Online community</li>
<li>Quantitative research</li>
<li>Voting</li>
<li>xDai</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MPPRB2E6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A comprehensive review of energy blockchain: Application scenarios and development trends</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fei Teng</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Qi Zhang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ge Wang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jiangfeng Liu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hailong Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Summary The disruptive nature of blockchain technology has
drawn considerable interest from different types of stakeholders. It is
adopted in numerous sectors with the ability to openly and securely
verify, track, and exchange data. The energy blockchain, a term used
when blockchain technology is applied in the energy sector, is
considered as having the potential to develop a decentralized,
digitized, and decarbonized energy management system. The article
presents an overview of the development progress from three
perspectives, including academic research, the deployment of companies
and pilot projects, and government support policies. Then a different
taxonomy is developed to demonstrate and highlighted the different
applications. Finally, the future trends and challenges hindering the
effective implementation of energy blockchain are discussed. The results
show that energy blockchain is an effective innovation technology to
accelerate the transformation of global energy structure. Multinational
cooperation and government-leading are the basis of large-scale
deployment of energy blockchain. The improvement of regulatory
mechanisms and standards is the key to the commercial application of
energy blockchain. This study is a comprehensive analysis of energy
blockchain applications, which is expected to support decision making
for its future development.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/er.7109">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/er.7109</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>17515–17531</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Energy Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7109">https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7109</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>applications</li>
<li>challenges</li>
<li>development trends</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>energy blockchain</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>support policies</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8K2R6ZKT" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>"A conceptual framework for classifying currencies".</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Louis Larue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>PMID: 4495394</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>45–60</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Community Currency Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00487112</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>2020</li>
<li>classification</li>
<li>money</li>
<li>a conceptual framework for</li>
<li>alternative currencies</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
<li>classifying currencies</li>
<li>international journal of community</li>
<li>l</li>
<li>larue</li>
<li>to cite this article</li>
<li>typologies</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PL5Y63AT" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>John Perry Barlow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>5–7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Duke Law &amp; Technology Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_JUEIE28S" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A DeFi Bank Run: Iron Finance, IRON Stablecoin, and the Fall of TITAN</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kanis Saengchote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>IRON Stablecoin, and the Fall of TITAN (July 16, 2021)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_WAYVHSLB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A fork in the road: Perspectives on sustainability and decentralised governance in digital institutions</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthew Lovett</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lee Thomas</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>A digital institution is a set of computer-based rules that
perform intermediating roles upon which one or more person's well-being
depends. This article argues that governance, the processes and customs
by which rules are agreed, is critical to the sustainability of the
digital institution and therefore of society more broadly. The objective
of this work was to interrogate whether emerging decentralised
architectures (blockchain) can offer new perspectives on digital
sustainability in the form of decentralised governance. Firstly, the
literature on decentralised modes of governance was synthesised. Then,
existing digital institutions were reviewed, categorised and mapped onto
a multi-domain layered conceptual framework that draws out three
distinct modes for enactment of changes to digital institution rules;
direct, integrated, and fork-based. We concluded that the coupling of
decentralised governance approaches with fork-based or integrated
enactment stands to enhance digital sustainability through increased
perception of trustworthiness afforded through independently verifiable
and cryptographically secure audit trails.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Public Knowledge Project</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>First Monday</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v26i11.12357">10.5210/fm.v26i11.12357</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1396-0466</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7XWQQDY4" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>A Friedman doctrine‐- The Social Responsibility Of Business Is to Increase Its Profits</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Milton Friedman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Illus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1970-09-13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>NYTimes.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/13/archives/a-friedman-doctrine-the-social-responsibility-of-business-is-to.html">https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/13/archives/a-friedman-doctrine-the-social-responsibility-of-business-is-to.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 12:32:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Section</th>
<td>Archives</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0362-4331</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 12:32:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 12:32:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>ECONOMY</li>
<li>ESPOSITO, JOHN C.</li>
<li>ONEK, JOSEPH N.</li>
<li>PHILLIPS, CHANNING E</li>
<li>PRICES, PROFITS AND PRICE-WAGE-PROFIT RELATIONS</li>
<li>SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND WELFARE</li>
<li>SORENSON, PHILIP</li>
<li>United States</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_CW9DL4EP">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7RAQTDIB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A history of crypto-discourse: encryption as a site of struggles to define internet freedom</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Z. Isadora Hellegren</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper explores a history of “crypto” as a battlefield in a
larger discursive struggle to define the meaning of Internet freedom.
The term crypto is short for cryptography, which refers to the practice
of encrypting, i.e. rendering information illegible to anyone but its
intended recipient(s). Drawing on Laclau and Mouffe's theory of
discourse, this study investigates how public-key cryptography
advocates, and in particular Cypherpunks and technology journalists,
have articulated “crypto-discourse”: a partially fixed construction of
meaning that establishes a relationship between encryption software and a
negative conception of Internet freedom, in relation to the state. I
map events pertaining to the articulation of the empty signifier
“crypto” among interrelated discourse communities of cryptographers,
hackers, online rights activists, and technology journalists during a
period of forty years (1975–2015). I present the Crypto-Discourse
Timeline as comprised of three periods: the origins (1975–1990),
crystallisation (1990–2000), and revitalisation of crypto-discourse
(2000–2015). The timeline provides an overview of the complexity and
contingency of crypto-discourse as a practice that shapes public policy
over time. Crypto-discourse excludes other possible, positive meanings
of Internet freedom, removing responsibility from democratic states to
uphold privacy rights and freedom of speech online.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>285–311</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Internet Histories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/24701475.2017.1387466">10.1080/24701475.2017.1387466</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>24701483</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:59</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>Crypto Wars</li>
<li>Crypto-discourse</li>
<li>Cypherpunks</li>
<li>discourse analysis</li>
<li>empty signifier</li>
<li>encryption software</li>
<li>Internet freedom</li>
<li>Laclau and Mouffe</li>
<li>online privacy rights</li>
<li>Wired magazine</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_N84K8TMT" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A massive analysis of ethereum smart contracts empirical study and code metrics</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrea Pinna</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Simona Ibba</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gavina Baralla</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Roberto Tonelli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michele Marchesi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: IEEE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>78194–78213</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>IEEE Access</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_VW2CFWEB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A network analysis of electricity demand and the cryptocurrency markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David I. Okorie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article examines the connectedness and information
spillover in the Electricity-Crypto Network (ECN) system. The Bitcoin
and Ethereum markets are studied due to the level of electricity demand
for active trading and mining in the three leading crypto mining
economies (United States, China, and Japan). Among other findings, the
leading net transmitter of information is the return of the Bitcoin
market while the demand for electricity in the U.S. and Japan are the
leading net information receivers in the ECN system. In a nutshell, the
return and trading volumes of the cryptocurrency markets are net
information transmitters while the markets' volatility and the demand
for electricity in the U.S., China, and Japan are net information
receivers in the system. As a policy relevance, given the favourable
developments in these crypto markets, greener sources of electrical
energy are expedient to mitigate emissions while mining these coins.
This will reduce the impact of human activities on the climate.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>3093–3108</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Finance and Economics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1952">10.1002/ijfe.1952</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>10991158</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>connectedness</li>
<li>electricity</li>
<li>ENERGY_ELECTRICITY</li>
<li>return</li>
<li>spillover</li>
<li>volatility</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Z8UN3FRY" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A new wolf in town? Pump-and-dump manipulation in cryptocurrency markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anirudh Dhawan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tālis J Putniņš</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Pump-and-dump manipulation in cryptocurrency markets (August 10, 2020)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_J5W246Y7" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A New Wolf in Town? Pump-and-Dump Manipulation in Cryptocurrency Markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anirudh Dhawan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Talis J. Putnins</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>We show that cryptocurrency markets are plagued by
pump-and-dump manipulation, with at least 355 cases in seven months.
Unlike stock market manipulators, cryptocurrency manipulators openly
declare their intentions to pump specific coins, rather than trying to
deceive investors. Puzzlingly, people join in despite negative expected
returns. In a simple framework, we demonstrate how overconfidence and
gambling preferences can explain participation in these schemes and find
strong empirical support for both mechanisms. Pumps generate extreme
price distortions of 65% on average, abnormal trading volumes in the
millions of dollars, and large wealth transfers between participants.
These manipulation schemes are likely to persist as long as regulators
and exchanges turn a blind eye.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>A New Wolf in Town?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>DOI.org (Crossref)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3670714">https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3670714</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 15:05:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3670714">10.2139/ssrn.3670714</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Journal Abbr</th>
<td>SSRN Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 15:05:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 15:05:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_RTVJ5P5W">
<div><p style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Nunito Sans',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unlike stock market manipulators, cryptocurrency manipulators openly declare their intentions to pump specific coins, rather than trying to deceive investors. Puzzlingly, people join in despite negative expected returns. [..] Analyzing a sample of 355 cases in six months, we find strong empirical support for both mechanisms. Pumps generate extreme price distortions of 65% on average, abnormal trading volumes in the millions of dollars, and large wealth transfers between participants.</span></em></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Nunito Sans',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A total of 197 distinct cryptocurrencies or “coins” are manipulated, which means about 15% of all coins in our sample of exchanges are targeted by manipulators at least once in the seven-month period. There are two pumps per day on average. </span></em><strong><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Nunito Sans',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Such a high rate of manipulation is unprecedented in modern markets.</span></em></strong></p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_KIUAR2SM">Dhawan and Putnins - 2020 - A New Wolf in Town Pump-and-Dump Manipulation in .pdf </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZLICEPMU" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>A quantitative analysis of the impact of arbitrary blockchain content on bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Roman Matzutt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jens Hiller</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Martin Henze</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jan Henrik Ziegeldorf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk Müllmann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Oliver Hohlfeld</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Klaus Wehrle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>420–438</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_MUGISPGP" class="item blogPost">
<h2>A Spoiler for the Future - Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Simon Wardley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013-11-27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-GB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.gardeviance.org/2013/11/a-spoiler-for-future-bitcoin.html">https://blog.gardeviance.org/2013/11/a-spoiler-for-future-bitcoin.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:20:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Bits or Pieces?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:20:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:22:02</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_MW6QKGFF">
<div><p>"As you can guess, I'm not a fan of bitcoin. If left unchecked
then I find it has the potential to undermine the importance of
Government which is actually not good for competition and not good for
the market. I hope none of the above happens and would rather see
bitcoin disappear in a puff of history." (NB: he predicts massive
appreciation in bitcoin and is concerned how it can undermine government
and tax revenue.)</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_NPXXQTSP">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XTVBG2FH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A Survey of Research on Retail Central Bank Digital Currency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>John Kiff</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jihad Alwazir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sonja Davidovic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Aquiles Farias</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ashraf Khan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tanai Khiaonarong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Majid Malaika</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hunter Monroe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nobu Sugimoto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hervé Tourpe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>others</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://ssrn.com/paper=3639760">http://ssrn.com/paper=3639760</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_YDPRKAJB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A systematic overview of blockchain research</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Guizhou Wang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Si Zhang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tao Yu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yu Ning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain has been receiving growing attention from both
academia and practices. This paper aims to investigate the research
status of blockchain-related studies and to analyze the development and
evolution of this latest hot area via bibliometric analysis. We selected
and explored 2451 papers published between 2013 and 2019 from the Web
of Science Core Collection database. The analysis considers different
dimensions, including annual publications and citation trends, author
distribution, popular research themes, collaboration of countries
(regions) and institutions, top papers, major publication journals
(conferences), supportive funding agencies, and emerging research
trends. The results show that the number of blockchain literature is
still increasing, and the research priorities in blockchain-related
research shift during the observation period from bitcoin,
cryptocurrency, blockchain, smart contract, internet of thing, to the
distributed ledger, and challenge and the inefficiency of blockchain.
The findings of this research deliver a holistic picture of blockchain
research, which illuminates the future direction of research, and
provides implications for both academic research and enterprise
practice.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: De Gruyter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>205–238</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Systems Science and Information</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.21078/JSSI-2021-205-34">10.21078/JSSI-2021-205-34</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25126660</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:43</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Bibliometric analysis</li>
<li>Co-citation network</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RVQCK8NL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>A whole new world: Income tax considerations of the Bitcoin economy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benjamin W Akins</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jennifer L Chapman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jason M Gordon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Pitt. Tax Rev.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:07:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:07:19</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_8HCD546E" class="item webpage">
<h2>About - Messari.io</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Our founders have spent the past five years as full-time
cryptoasset researchers and investors, and have strong track records as
co-founders of several of the industry's top brands.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://messari.io/about">https://messari.io/about</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 17:41:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 17:41:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 17:41:56</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>claims</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_HQPBA3SL">
<div><p>From about page:</p>
<p>&gt; We believe that crypto will democratize access to information,
break down data silos, and ultimately give everyone the tools to build
wealth.</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_S7DGZR29">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_G8KUVM58" class="item webpage">
<h2>Abuse and Harassment on the Blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-us</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.mollywhite.net/abuse-and-harassment-on-the-blockchain/">https://blog.mollywhite.net/abuse-and-harassment-on-the-blockchain/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:56:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:56:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 13:24:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_AJ6JQ9YD">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VKFMH3B5" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Accounting for carbon emissions caused by cryptocurrency and token systems</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ulrich Gallersdörfer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lena Klaaßen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Stoll</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06477">https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06477</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: November</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HRJ5ZW7G" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>After Copyright: Pwning NFTs in a Clout Economy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Brian L. Frye</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3971240">10.2139/ssrn.3971240</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_IP</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_P7PBUNAD" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Against technocratic authoritarianism. A short intellectual history of the cypherpunk movement</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Enrico Beltramini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This essay aims to correct the established idea that the
cypherpunk movement was organically embracing libertarianism. By
addressing the cypherpunk movement, the intellectual roots of many of
the concerns about freedom and about a surveillance society that
dominate this internet age come to light. The cypherpunks, a heterogenic
group of entrepreneurs, engineers, and activists in the San Francisco
Bay Area, argued in the nineties that the Internet would make more
pervasive the phenomenon of surveillance of individuals. In the context
of this increasing process of surveillance, individual autonomy would be
dismissed as an obsolete fiction and social engineering would be
elevated to totalitarianism. This article frames the cypherpunks as a
movement in opposition to an emerging technocratic authoritarian order.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101–118</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Internet Histories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/24701475.2020.1731249">10.1080/24701475.2020.1731249</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>24701483</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:59</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>technology</li>
<li>crisis</li>
<li>cypherpunk</li>
<li>freedom</li>
<li>late modernity</li>
<li>Modernization</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_V7GLIN7Y" class="item webpage">
<h2>Against Web3 and Faux-Decentralization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Soatok</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Despite the hype, Web3 offers fake decentralization and builds upon technology you could build without cryptocurrency.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-10-19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://soatok.blog/2021/10/19/against-web3-and-faux-decentralization/">https://soatok.blog/2021/10/19/against-web3-and-faux-decentralization/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:11:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Dhole Moments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:11:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 13:24:59</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_YVLFJ2XP">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KACQJWZT" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Albanian lessons for regulators nervously eyeing the crypto world</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robin Wigglesworth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/810367e5-e0b1-4221-b303-f3012a177437">https://www.ft.com/content/810367e5-e0b1-4221-b303-f3012a177437</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_ARWV52DI" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>Albanian lessons for regulators nervously eyeing the crypto world</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robin Wigglesworth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Albania’s 1990s pyramid scheme debacle highlights risks of regulatory paralysis on the cryptocurrency explosion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-07-05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/810367e5-e0b1-4221-b303-f3012a177437">https://www.ft.com/content/810367e5-e0b1-4221-b303-f3012a177437</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:02:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:02:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:02:21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_RCKACNAJ">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4VVWWEFA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>'All data is credit data': Constituting the unbanked</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rob Aitken</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Global financial and data capitalism has constituted new forms
of knowledge, novel inscriptions which make that knowledge tangible and
new ways of visualizing sources of value and profit. This paper
examines a cluster of new practices designed to make visible - and
extract value from - those without formal credit scores in contemporary
financial markets. Many 'financial inclusion' projects now attempt to
score the 'credit invisible' by drawing on a range of alternative data -
non-financial payment streams, academic records, behavioural signals
gleaned from online or social media footprints and results generated via
digitized psychometric testing - and by assessing that data in relation
to models of risk assessment based on the analysis of big data. I argue
in this paper that these experiments in alternative credit scoring
constitute the unbanked as an important, and dubious, category of
knowledge and intervention. I also argue that attempts to score the
unbanked offer a revealing glimpse of many of the social and political
limitations associated with projects of 'inclusion'. Although often
imagined as forms of pristine incorporation, inclusion projects often
constitute troubling new kinds of social sorting and segmentation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>274–300</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Competition and Change</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1024529417712830">10.1177/1024529417712830</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14772221</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:43</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>visualization</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>Financialization</li>
<li>big data</li>
<li>credit invisibles</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
<li>inclusion/exclusion</li>
<li>unbanked</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_S6ZPQSY7" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>All watched over by machines of loving grace: A critical look at smart contracts</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andres Guadamuz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Smart contracts are coded parameters written into an immutable
distributed ledger called a blockchain. There has been increasing legal
interest in the application of these self-executing programs to conduct
transactions. Most of the scholarly and practical analysis so far has
been taken the claims of this technology being akin to a contract at
face value, with legal analysis of contract formation, performance, and
enforcement at the forefront of the debate. This article discusses that
while smart contracts may pose some interesting legal questions, most of
these are irrelevant, and smart contracts should be understood almost
strictly from a technical perspective, and that any legal response is
entirely dependent on the technical capabilities of the smart contract.
The article proposes that smart contracts are not contracts for all
practical purposes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>105338</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Computer Law and Security Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2019.105338">10.1016/j.clsr.2019.105338</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>02673649</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Smart contracts</li>
<li>Code</li>
<li>Contracts</li>
<li>Intermediaries</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_JGM6CWHR" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Alternative Currencies: A Historical Survey and Taxonomy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Garrick Hileman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Alternative currencies have appeared regularly for at least
the last half-millennia, often arising out of similar socio-economic
circumstances and ceasing to circulate within a relatively short time
period. While regulatory shifts and technology shocks account for some
of the challenges alternative currencies have faced in gaining wider
adoption, the most common observed explanation for why alternative
currencies decline is insufficient demand due to relatively high
transaction costs, low institutional support, inconsistent social
motivation, and other factors. Present-day alternative currencies, such
as the Brixton pound, are similar to past alternative currencies, while
bitcoin features several radical differences.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISSN: 1556-5068
Publication Title: SSRN Electronic Journal
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2747975</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>1–37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>digital currencies</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>money</li>
<li>alternative currencies</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
<li>black market currencies</li>
<li>brixton pound</li>
<li>community currencies</li>
<li>crypto-currencies</li>
<li>currencies</li>
<li>currency</li>
<li>national currencies</li>
<li>parallel currencies</li>
<li>virtual currencies</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Z27CFC43" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Alternative investments in the Fintech era: The risk and return of Non-Fungible Token (NFT)</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>De-Rong Kong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tse-Chun Lin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>We utilize one of the earliest and largest NFT collections to
investigate the pricing and the risk-return profile of NFTs. In general,
we find that NFTs have higher returns than traditional financial
assets. Yet, investing in NFTs comes along with extremely high
volatility. The average monthly returns on NFTs range from 6.10% to
44.11%. But their standard deviations fluctuate between 44.35% and
74.57%, leading to a Sharpe ratio comparable to the NASDAQ index. NFT
prices surge when there is a drastic increase in demand for alternative
investments and a search for yield, especially in a low interest rate
environment. We also find that the pricing of NFT largely depends on a
token's scarceness and an investor's aesthetic preference. Hence,
conventional asset-pricing models are unlikely to explain NFT returns.
Overall, we provide the first comprehensive analysis that NFTs serve as a
novel investment vessel in this Fintech era. JEL Classifications: C43,
D44, G11, G12, Z11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3914085">10.2139/ssrn.3914085</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_ASSET</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IBGPDNVN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>American Finance and American Democracy: Towards an Institutionalist 'Law and Economics'</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tamara Lothian</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article reconsiders the financial and economic crisis of
2007-2009 and the present debate about the regulation of finance in the
light of a vision of how finance can better serve the American economy
and American democracy. The central claim is that regulation as
conventionally understood cannot adequately redress the problems, and
seize the opportunities, revealed by the crisis. We should approach
financial regulation as the first step in a series of institutional
innovations designed to put finance more effectively at the service of
the real economy (financial deepening) while broadening economic
opportunity in the country (financial democratization). I develop and
defend this thesis by arguing for four subsidiary claims. A first
subsidiary claim is that a major part of the causal background to the
crisis was an inconclusive hollowing out of the New Deal regime for the
governance of finance. That regime failed to be replaced by an
alternative coherent scheme. Instead, it gave way to a ramshackle
compromise – powerful, opaque, recalcitrant, and damaging. Such a
situation – I argue – represents the rule rather than the exception in
the history of law and institutions. The outcome of the hollowing out in
the United States was a weakening of the links of finance to the real
economy, paradoxically accompanied by the hypertrophy of the financial
sector. A second subsidiary claim is that the New Deal critics and
reformers of finance, such as Louis Brandeis and William Douglas, were
right in their intuition that a strong link exists between the legal and
institutional requirements of financial deepening and of financial
democratization. A third subsidiary claim is that to make good on this
intuition in today's circumstances we need a new agenda of reform with
an explicit and ambitious institutional content. Such an agenda includes
the transfer of sophisticated financial capabilities to the country's
remarkable network of local banks as well as a vast expansion and
popularization of financial services, channeling long-term saving into
long-term productive investment. A fourth subsidiary claim is that law
and legal thought provide the chief storehouse of the ideas and methods
needed to conceive and to implement such innovations. Prevailing styles
of economic theory, including those underlying the dominant practice of
“law and economics,” remain largely bereft of institutional imagination.
This article illustrates how a revised practice of legal and
institutional analysis can help fill this lacuna. In so doing, this
piece takes "law and economics" in another direction.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2012</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1996653">10.2139/ssrn.1996653</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:43</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IJMBN82I" class="item webpage">
<h2>An Agenda for the Future of the Internet</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tomicah Tillemann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>James Rathmell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Today, we’re excited to announce the release of How to Win the
Future, a policy agenda for the third generation of the internet. It
will be a living document housed in our new web3 policy hub alongside a
growing …</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-10-13T10:00:56-07:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://a16z.com/2021/10/13/an-agenda-for-the-future-of-the-internet/">https://a16z.com/2021/10/13/an-agenda-for-the-future-of-the-internet/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:30:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: cryptocurrencies &amp; blockchains</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Andreessen Horowitz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:30:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:30:20</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_DFFZX2MA">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_EVGVE5TD" class="item thesis">
<h2>An Archeology of Cryptography: Rewriting Plaintext, Encryption, and Ciphertext</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Isaac Quinn DuPont</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This dissertation is an archeological study of cryptography.
It questions the validity of thinking about cryptography in familiar,
instrumentalist terms, and instead reveals the ways that cryptography
can been understood as writing, media, and computation. In this
dissertation, I offer a critique of the prevailing views of cryptography
by tracing a number of long overlooked themes in its history, including
the development of artificial languages, machine translation, media,
code, notation, silence, and order. Using an archeological method, I
detail historical conditions of possibility and the technical a priori
of cryptography. The conditions of possibility are explored in three
parts, where I rhetorically rewrite the conventional terms of art,
namely, plaintext, encryption, and ciphertext. I argue that plaintext
has historically been understood as kind of inscription or form of
writing, and has been associated with the development of artificial
languages, and used to analyze and investigate the natural world. I
argue that the technical a priori of plaintext, encryption, and
ciphertext is constitutive of the syntactic and semantic properties
detailed in Nelson Goodman's theory of notation, as described in his
Languages of Art. I argue that encryption (and its reverse, decryption)
are deterministic modes of transcription, which have historically been
thought of as the medium between plaintext and ciphertext. By developing
a new understanding of encryption as standing between two agents, I
characterize the process in terms of media. As media, encryption
technologies participate in historical desires for commodious and even
“angelic” transmission, popular until the twentieth century. I identify
how cryptanalysis, or “code-breaking,” is distinct from cryptography,
and instead relates to language, being associated with the history of
machine translation. Finally, I argue that ciphertext is the
perspectival, ordered result of encryption—similar to computation—and
resists attempts to be spoken. Since ciphertext resists being spoken,
its application problematizes the category of language, and has, at
least once in antiquity, been considered a means of creating silence.
This dissertation is the first of its kind to offer a historically-rich,
ontological analysis of cryptography, which therefore opens the topic
to new fields of scholarship and humanistic forms of inquiry.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/78958">https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/78958</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/78958
ISBN: 978-0-355-44101-7
Publication Title: ProQuest Dissertations and Theses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>333</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>University</th>
<td>University of Toronto (Canada)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>Code</li>
<li>Communication and the arts</li>
<li>Social sciences</li>
<li>Goodman</li>
<li>Cryptography</li>
<li>0422:Philosophy</li>
<li>0578:History</li>
<li>0723:Information science</li>
<li>Computation</li>
<li>History</li>
<li>Information science</li>
<li>Media</li>
<li>Nelson</li>
<li>Notation</li>
<li>Philosophy</li>
<li>religion and theology</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MESKC6LX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>An Empirical Study Into the Success of Listed Smart Contracts in Ethereum</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Pieter Hartel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ivan Homoliak</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniël Reijsbergen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: IEEE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>177539–177555</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>IEEE Access</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_EQN4QJ2U" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>An examination of the cryptocurrency pump and dump ecosystem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>JT Hamrick</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Farhang Rouhi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Arghya Mukherjee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Amir Feder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Neil Gandal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tyler Moore</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marie Vasek</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://ssrn.com/paper=3303365">http://ssrn.com/paper=3303365</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_AQU9QHBD" class="item webpage">
<h2>An Introduction to Dfinity and the Internet Computer</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Dfinity is one of the most tenured and well-funded platforms
in crypto. Yet it is also one of the least understood. Most of Dfinity’s
obscurity is due to its technical complexity and grand vision. Its
platform, the Internet Computer, is a reimagining of the IT stack where
developers can host software free from big tech monopolies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://messari.io/">https://messari.io</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 17:57:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 17:57:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 17:57:37</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_59Y4IGBH">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PZ4L4FBH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>An overview of decentralized autonomous organizations on the blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Youssef El Faqir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Javier Arroyo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Samer Hassan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology has emerged as a new paradigm to build
decentralized systems which do not require a central authority. It is
most popular for enabling Bitcoin and other crypto-currencies. However,
blockchain applications span beyond Finance, and recently it has been
applied to decentralized governance. Blockchain-enabled "Decentralized
Autonomous Organizations"(DAOs) have emerged as a new form of collective
governance, in which communities may organize themselves relying on
decentralized infrastructure. In this article, we introduce the concept
of DAO and review the main software platforms that offer DAO creation as
a service, which simplifies the use of DAOs to non-blockchain experts;
namely: Aragon, DAOstack, DAOhaus and Colony. These platforms will be
compared by showing their key features. Finally, we will review the
available visualisation tools for DAOs, and we will introduce our
open-source tool to plot DAOs activity, DAO-Analyzer. We will illustrate
its potential with the case of the DAO Genesis Alpha, which is the main
DAO of the DAOstack project.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 9781450387798
Publisher: ICST</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>PervasiveHealth: Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1145/3412569.3412579">10.1145/3412569.3412579</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21531633</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>governance</li>
<li>DAO</li>
<li>online communities</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
<li>open collaboration</li>
<li>visualization</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4W8P52ZB" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Anonymous Cryptocurrency Wallets Are Not So Simple</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>How straightforward is it really to transact anonymously with today's popular cryptocurrencies?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-us</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.mollywhite.net/anonymous-crypto-wallets/">https://blog.mollywhite.net/anonymous-crypto-wallets/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:56:51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:56:51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 13:25:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_MQBKMKXB">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QIKU89QQ" class="item document">
<h2>Anthropology and blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Artyom Kosmarski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nikolay Gordiychuk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain and its related technologies break away from the
contemporary dystopian imaginaries of control and exploitation endemic
in IT. This editorial considers the relevance of blockchain for
anthropologists, why they should care, and what the technology brings.
After sketching the evolution of blockchain, we draw attention to its
potential as a playground – a plethora of projects reimagining and
remaking the basic stuff of political economy, including the meaning of
money, collectivities, exchange and voting. Blockchain's utility for
rethinking the basic rules of the game in academia also deserves
attention.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISSN: 14678322
Issue: 6
Pages: 1–3
Publication Title: Anthropology Today
Volume: 37
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12683</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Wiley Online Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3488VAW9" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Anti-money laundering regulation of crypto assets in Europe's smallest member state</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christopher P. Buttigieg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christos Efthymiopoulos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Abigail Attard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Samantha Cuyle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The paper critically examines the framework for the regulation
of crypto assets in Malta, with a particular focus on anti-money
laundering and funding of terrorism. It identifies the risks relating to
crypto assets, and how these are addressed through Malta's Virtual
Financial Assets Framework. To this end, the paper argues that the
Maltese framework goes beyond the EU's fifth Anti-Money Laundering
Directive. In this connection, the paper also argues that the Maltese
framework could possibly be a model for a more extensive EU regime in
this context. Finally, the paper sets forth recommendations towards
action which may be taken at an EU level in order to address the money
laundering and terrorism financing threats associated with crypto
assets.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>211–227</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Law and Financial Markets Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2019.1663996">10.1080/17521440.2019.1663996</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17521459</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IQDWB9L9" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Are Crypto-Assets Green Enough? – An analysis of draft EU
Regulation on markets in crypto assets from the perspective of the
European Green Deal</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Emanuel Wanat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In 2019 European Commission announced “The European Green
Deal” a “a new growth strategy that aims to transform the EU into a fair
and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and
competitive economy where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases
in 2050 and where economic growth is decoupled from resource use”. The
digital sector must also participate in the Green Deal effort. This
articles analyzes questions of sustainability in the context of crypto
assets, with particular emphasis on the question of whether Bitcon
acutally represent a crypto asset, energy consumption, energy drain, the
proof-of-work consensus protocol, the environmental footprint of crypto
assets. The article concludes that Bitcoin's current effect on
environment remains controversial at best.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH &amp; Co. KG</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>67</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>237–250</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Osteuropa Recht</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2021-2-237">10.5771/0030-6444-2021-2-237</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0030-6444</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_UAA7SRXX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Are cryptos becoming alternative assets?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniel Traian Pele</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Niels Wesselhöfft</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wolfgang Karl Härdle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michalis Kolossiatis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yannis G. Yatracos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This research provides insights for the separation of
cryptocurrencies from other assets. Using dimensionality reduction
techniques, we show that most of the variation among cryptocurrencies,
stocks, exchange rates, commodities, bonds, and real estate indexes can
be explained by the tail, memory and moment factors of their
log-returns. By applying various classification methods,
cryptocurrencies are categorized as a separate asset class, mainly due
to the tail factor. The main result is the complete separation of
cryptocurrencies from the other asset types, using the Maximum Variance
Components Split method. Additionally, we show that cryptocurrencies
tend to exhibit similar characteristics over time and become more
distinguished from other asset classes (synchronic evolution).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>European Journal of Finance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2021.1960403">10.1080/1351847X.2021.1960403</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14664364</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>classification</li>
<li>factor model</li>
<li>multivariate analysis</li>
<li>synchronic evolution</li>
<li>variance components split methods</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_UZNPLEQY" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Assets and assetization in financialized capitalism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul Langley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2007–09,
political economists have typically identified and interrogated
speculative logics and credit-debt relations as the markers of
financialized capitalism. This paper argues that assets, and the
contingent processes which turn all manner of things into assets (i.e.
‘assetization'), can also be usefully foregrounded to understand the
character and movement of financialized capitalism in the contemporary
conjuncture, particularly in its Anglo-American heartlands. Centred on
assets and assetization, research is refocused on the constitution of
political economies of rent and investment, especially as the frontiers
of financialized capitalism are extended to further incorporate nature
and society. Research into financialized capitalism is also connected
more explicitly to wider political debates over intensified
inequalities, as the production and distribution of assets is key to
wealth disparities and shapes fundamental stratifications across
society.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2020.1830828">https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2020.1830828</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>382–393</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Review of International Political Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2020.1830828">10.1080/09692290.2020.1830828</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14664526</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:43</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
<li>assetization</li>
<li>Assets</li>
<li>financialization</li>
<li>investment</li>
<li>rent</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_64TLWSJA" class="item bookSection">
<h2>"At the Very Beginning, There'S This Dream." the Role of Utopia in the Workings of Local and Cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Diane-Laure Arjaliès</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Since the 2008 financial crisis, the number of alternative
currencies aiming at transforming global financial institutions, such as
local and complementary currencies (LCC) and cryptocurrencies, has
exploded. Yet the motivations and workings of such monies are relatively
unknown. This chapter aims to fill this gap by providing a framework
that uncovers the ideals pursued by alternative currencies, and the
effects of those ideals on the production of money. To do so, I present a
comparative analysis of the valuation infrastructure-the processes
through which value(s) is produced-of one LCC, Sol Violette, and three
cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin, Ğ1 "June" and impak Coin. Throughout, I
elaborate on the social meaning of money and the role played by
alternative currencies in contemporary capitalism. I show that 1)
despite targeting the same financial institutions, the utopia pursued by
alternative currencies varies significantly and 2) this utopia is at
least as important as the technology (e.g. blockchain) in shaping the
workings of these monies. Based on these findings, I outline some
implications for the social studies of financial technologies, their
effects on our societies and their regulation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333755384_AT_THE_VERY_BEGINNING_THERE'S_THIS_DREAM_THE_ROLE_OF_UTOPIA_IN_THE_WORKINGS_OF_LOCAL_AND_CRYPTOCURRENCIES">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333755384_AT_THE_VERY_BEGINNING_THERE'S_THIS_DREAM_THE_ROLE_OF_UTOPIA_IN_THE_WORKINGS_OF_LOCAL_AND_CRYPTOCURRENCIES</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333755384_AT_THE_VERY_BEGINNING_THERE'S_THIS_DREAM_THE_ROLE_OF_UTOPIA_IN_THE_WORKINGS_OF_LOCAL_AND_CRYPTOCURRENCIES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Series Number</th>
<td>February</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Handbook of Alternative Finance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>Money</li>
<li>Alternative Currencies</li>
<li>Debt</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>Local and Complementary Currencies</li>
<li>Social Relation</li>
<li>Utopia</li>
<li>Value(s)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5YU378ZN" class="item book">
<h2>Attack of the 50 foot blockchain: Bitcoin, blockchain, Ethereum &amp; smart contracts</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_7Z7UJIAG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Automating Trust with the Blockchain? A Critical Investigation of “Blockchain 2.0” Cultures</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Silvia Semenzin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alessandro Gandini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article discusses the cultural conceptions of trust
underpinning the experimentation of blockchain startup applications
beyond the financial sector. Based on qualitative research undertaken in
the context of the so-called “Blockchain 2.0” scene, we show how a
peculiar conception of trust, which blends the libertarian views of
blockchain inventors with the neoliberal culture of competition and
meritocracy that is typical of the startup world, underpins these
implementations. As a result, we argue that “Blockchain 2.0”
entrepreneurs ultimately fail to recognize the eminently social nature
of the trust-building process. They emerge from our observation as
unable to comprehend the extent to which the implementation of
blockchain in a societal (i.e., not purely financial) context cannot do
away with considerations about what kind of “social” the technology
intervenes within, and find difficult to effectively conceive of how
this technology embeds in existing social relations and power
structures.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2021.24912">https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2021.24912</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>24912</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Global Perspectives</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2021.24912">10.1525/gp.2021.24912</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2575-7350</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZAPCIFFX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Banking on Digital Money: Swedish Cashlessness and the Fraying Currency Tether</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gustav Peebles</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>As cash has suddenly gone missing from Swedish life, a growing
range of citizens and institutions have sounded the alarm that cash
enabled a space of egalitarian access now under threat. But because
commercial bank currency is gradually displacing public central bank
currency, cashlessness in Sweden is not only threatening its egalitarian
ethos but also the Swedish Central Bank's capacity to provide a
guaranteed state payment mechanism. The consequences of Sweden's battles
over cash-issuance may presage the future of our global banking system
in a digital age, while also illuminating what is here called currency's
“tethering mechanism.” Because bank-issued currencies represent chains
of credit/debt, exchanging and storing different currencies can tether
and de-tether their users to different institutions, thereby offering
anthropologists the possibility of mapping the waxing and waning of
various dominant social institutions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Cultural Anthropology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.14506/ca36.1.01">10.14506/ca36.1.01</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15481360</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>infrastructure</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>central banking</li>
<li>cash</li>
<li>digital money</li>
<li>public goods</li>
<li>storage</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_2UKI64W7" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Behind the Veil of Decentralization: Analyzing Blockchain Frames and Sponsors in US News</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Asvatha Babu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In recent years, “blockchain” has emerged as an industry
buzzword, a technology that can solve pressing problems in economic
inclusion, democracy, humanitarian aid, sustainability, and supply chain
management among other things. Whether effective or not, this
little-understood technology is championed as a way to change
socio-economic power structures and democratize and decentralize
established institutions like the financial system and government.
However, these claims are often unsupported. The hype generated in the
news and popular discourse about this technology often obscures
questions of whether power relations are actually changing and how.
Understanding the visible media frames as a proxy for the power contests
that went into shaping discourse, this paper critically examines US
news media coverage of blockchain between 2013 - 2018. It examines the
news frames used to talk about blockchain, the sponsors of these frames,
and how these factors have changed over the five-year period. The paper
finds that blockchain-related news coverage is framed in six general
ways: Disruptive, Harnessing, Skepticism, Community, Understanding,
Menace. These frames, especially the disruptive and harnessing frames
are mainly sponsored by big banks (like J.P. Morgan), big technology
(like IBM and Microsoft), and Silicon Valley investors. Using this data,
the paper argues that the narrative of blockchain as a
democratizing/decentralizing technology is mainly pushed by these
established institutions and that it is a smokescreen to prevent a
critical examination of the use of the technology.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: SSRN Electronic Journal
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3749482</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LSZRQB3P" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Betting on Bitcoin: How social collectives shape cryptocurrency markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christoph F. Breidbach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Silviana Tana</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Market-shaping research assumes that firms are the primary
actor to lead, manage, and respond to the formation of markets. This
viewpoint is increasingly being challenged, but empirical insights
explaining the roles, resources and actions of actors other than firms
shaping markets remain limited. We address this gap in knowledge by
drawing on insights from an in-depth ethnography of market-shaping in
the context of cryptocurrency communities. Our theoretical and empirical
contributions consist of a typology that highlights four distinct roles
performed by individuals shaping cryptocurrency markets. We furthermore
identify six micro-level market actions, and delineate a novel
theoretical model and propositions outlining the pathways with which
these actions impact market size, market offerings, as well as market
functioning. This study thereby establishes an important avenue for
future research, and offers managerial guidelines enabling practitioners
attempting to benefit from cryptocurrencies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>122</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>311–320</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Business Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.017">10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.017</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>01482963</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>Ethnography</li>
<li>Market-shaping</li>
<li>Theory-building</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CILS5Z3J" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Beyond bitcoin: An early overview on smart contracts</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Pierluigi Cuccuru</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The technology underpinning Bitcoin-the blockchain-is
acknowledged to offer security, stability and efficiency to online
transactions. After a brief introduction to Bitcoin system, I touch upon
the most innovative implementation of blockchain technology: the
so-called smart contracts, ie programmable computer protocols that are
able to self-enforce the terms therein encoded upon certain triggering
conditions. First, I sketch their core functioning and benefits for
digital relationships. Secondly, I stress their structural constraints
and the issues of regulability fully decentralized blockchains pose. The
elements underlined highlight the reasons why the financial and banking
sectors represent smart contracts most immediate testing ground.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>179–195</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Law and Information Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eax003">10.1093/ijlit/eax003</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14643693</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>Decentralization</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>Contract automation</li>
<li>Smart contract</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BIC6PJ7Y" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Beyond the veil of money: Boundaries as constitutive elements of complementary currencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rolf F. H. Schroeder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article sheds new light on the development of
complementary currencies. Based on a comprehensive survey of the
literature, the study questions conventional interpretations of these
social innovations. The article challenges the view that money is the
only feature that complementary currencies have in common. The author
argues that in addition to the ways in which connectivity takes place, a
characteristic feature of these systems is that they operate within
boundaries. Territoriality, limits to convertibility and other features
distinguish them from other unofficial currencies such as Bitcoin. Short
case studies illustrate that these boundaries are interdependent. This
theoretical framework offers a tool for the analysis of complementary
currencies and a perspective on the creation of new types of such
systems.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2020.1762499">https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194X.2020.1762499</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>17–41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Japanese Political Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/2329194x.2020.1762499">10.1080/2329194x.2020.1762499</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2329-194X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Y9FFQEZG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin Acceptance Among Retailers Is Low and Getting Lower</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lily Katz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017-07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-12/bitcoin-acceptance-among-retailers-is-low-and-getting-lower">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-12/bitcoin-acceptance-among-retailers-is-low-and-getting-lower</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Bloomberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Bloomberg.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_J6IL6JT9" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin and its spheres of consumption: Transactional orders of consuming money in the Czech and Slovak Bitcoin community</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Martin Tremčinský</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>With the recent proliferation of modes of payment,
anthropology must increasingly pay closer attention to innovative
designs and uses of money in Western societies. Money has started to be
perceived as a consumable service with multiple providers from which to
choose. In such an environment, the question of how people consume
money—instead of how they consume with money—grows in importance. This
article is based on ethnographic research of Bitcoin communities in
Prague and Bratislava. It examines how users variously consume Bitcoin
and what consequences these diverse ways of consumption can have for the
Bitcoin economy. The article identifies two discrete spheres of
consumption that closely correlate with “transactional orders” or
spheres of exchange as described in classical works of economic
anthropology, for example, by Parry and Bloch. One of the spheres is
concerned with the reproduction of social order, while the other
considers the personal gain of individual consumers. The article also
examines the tension between these two spheres and how it is
dialectically resolved through strategies of conversion. In the final
discussion, the case of Bitcoin is compared with other anthropological
accounts of spheres of exchange, with special attention oriented to
their dissimilarities.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>35–46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Economic Anthropology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/sea2.12189">10.1002/sea2.12189</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2330-4847</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>money</li>
<li>a</li>
<li>a vast number of</li>
<li>all over the world</li>
<li>and a</li>
<li>brought into economic practices</li>
<li>businesses and consumers have</li>
<li>consumption</li>
<li>conversions</li>
<li>economic spheres</li>
<li>from plastic cards and</li>
<li>in digital technologies has</li>
<li>lot of people</li>
<li>methods of payment from</li>
<li>mobile money to digital</li>
<li>payment</li>
<li>proliferation of methods of</li>
<li>the relatively recent advancement</li>
<li>transactional orders</li>
<li>wallets and cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>which to choose</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CXHJQFWL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin and the Blockchain: A Coup d'Etat in Digital Heterotopia?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gianluca Miscione</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Donncha Kavanagh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This conference invites us to explore new organisational forms
and practices that might be alternatives to “neoliberal market
managerialism” and “financial capitalism”. Our starting point is that
the latter two phenomena cannot be separated off analytically from
powerful actors — such as the state — that have co-emerged with and
played a key role in the evolutionary process through which capitalism
has come to be (Graeber 2011). Specifically, this paper takes its move
from Hobbes's (1651/2005) idea of the Leviathan, which has provided a
foundational intellectual basis for the nation-state form, which is
today ubiquitous, and on which both neoliberalism and financial
capitalism are reliant. Hobbes rooted his construct in a pessimistic
view of humankind that is naturally inclined towards the ‘war of all
against all'. He argued that people must recognize that such a ‘state of
nature' is destructive, and must accept, on the basis of utilitarian
reasoning, the necessity of a social contract to constitute a supreme
actor whose power is absolute and enforced by a monopoly on violence.
Hence, the Leviathan and the body politic are constituted at once and
are irreversible. No exit is allowed; no ethical, moral or religious
limit can be posed in front of this power. The Leviathan is total
because there is no room for any other rationality, and finite because
all people are tied to the social contract. Hobbes's idea of the
Leviathan has proved to be enduring and alluring, and provides a primary
focus for this paper. What is especially interesting for us is that
cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin have emerged from a similar ‘thought
experiment' beginning with a ‘state of nature' not unlike Hobbes's
depiction. Here, the seminal contribution is by the mysterious
individual or individuals known as Satoshi Nakamoto who, in 2008,
published a paper that set out the basis for the ‘blockchain technology'
on which cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, and other services, are
based (Nakamoto 2008). Not unlike Hobbes's ‘state of nature', Nakamoto
begins with an imaginary world populated by trustless individuals. The
problem he addresses is how to enable trustworthy transactions on the
internet without recourse to a ‘trusted third party', such as a
state-regulated (and state-supported) bank. Indeed, in line with
libertarian ideology, one of Nakamoto's key objectives was to preclude
the possibility of any single and all-encompassing ruling authority
emerging. His elegant solution is Bitcoin, a purely digital
cryptocurrency that is not administered by any constituted organization
and is not circumscribed within any consistent jurisdiction. The
‘blockchain', on which Bitcoin is based, is a public ledger of
transactions maintained by a dispersed and open-ended number of ‘miners'
who provide computing power to maintain and guarantee the integrity of
the ledger. While the Bitcoin economy is tiny compared to official
currencies — but remarkable compared to alternative and local currencies
— it plants the seeds of a currency (intended as a mode of regulating
transactions) that could threaten many of the quasi-monopoly powers that
the state currently exercises through the central bank, viz: surveying
and collecting data on citizens and corporations, setting credit rates
and monetary policy, deciding on and implementing exchange rate
policies, assuring the robustness of the payment infrastructure,
protecting the interests of consumers, controlling money-laundering, and
regulating/supporting existing financial service providers (Murphy
2014). Nakamoto's attempt to create a money system without a central
authority is best seen at the intersection of diachronic and synchronic
issues. Historically, the blockchain is one of a long string of
information technologies that, since the 1960s, have avoided
centralization, partly as a defence against possible Soviet nuclear
attack, and partly in sympathy with the Western open culture of the
1960s and 1970s. In relation to contemporary phenomena, Bitcoin
entangles with the state's power and jurisdiction, which is
simultaenously being challenged by the shadow economy, by individuals
and corporations choosing where they wish to pay tax, by the free flow
of information within trans-national information infrastructures, and by
global internet services and commerce. While Hobbes and Nakamoto start
from similar positions, they end up in quite different destinations,
and, since theory can be performative (Austin 1970), this means that
very different worlds come to be. Analytically, each provides a lens
through which one can examine the other, in theory and in practice.
Together, the lenses provide a framing device for reimagining key
concepts and practices that underpin the contemporary nation-state and,
by extension, financial capitalism. The full paper will report on this
comparative analysis. The Bitcoin phenomenon raises interesting
methodological and theoretical points that we will also explore in the
paper. Methodologically, the actor-network injunction to ‘follow the
actors' — i.e. focus on performance — is practically impossible due to
the sheer scale, technical intricacies, global dispersion and
far-fetched effects of currency-related phenomena. Focusing on visible
performance is also misleading theoretically because it fails to
distinguish between what does not happen, those “influences which
operate behind the back of agents, and which therefore cannot be found
in micro-situations” (Knorr-Cetina 1981: 28), and what is purposefully
avoided (Law and Singleton 2005). Indeed, Bitcoin is a manifestation of a
totem of digital cultures: there is always an elsewhere, beyond the
control of organizations. Creating an elsewhere free from Leviathan's
constraints (which resonates with Foucault's notion of heterotopia)
disrupts the body politic by exceeding or overflowing its framings
(Callon 1998). The peculiarity of Bitcoin is not in any frontal clash
with authority but rather in its strategy of avoidance, which we might
interpret as a form of différance or the playing of an alternative game.
What Bitcoin also illustrates is that the link between the micro and
the macro is neither based on an immutable social contract nor
maintained by an unbounded power. Rather, scalable and publicly
accessible computing resources coordinate trustless macro actions
without necessarily constituting actors and identities (Czarniawska
2008/2014). The paper will further examine the paradox where the
supplement of the age of visibility is action without actors and the
emergence of new boundaries between frontstage and backstage, public and
secret.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2624922">10.2139/ssrn.2624922</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2006</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4SK26JRR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin and the rise of decentralized autonomous organizations</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ying Ying Hsieh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jean Philippe Vergne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Philip Anderson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Karim Lakhani</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Markus Reitzig</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin represents the first real-world implementation of a
“decentralized autonomous organization” (DAO) and offers a new paradigm
for organization design. Imagine working for a global business
organization whose routine tasks are powered by a software protocol
instead of being governed by managers and employees. Task assignments
and rewards are randomized by the algorithm. Information is not
channeled through a hierarchy but recorded transparently and securely on
an immutable public ledger called “blockchain.” Further, the
organization decides on design and strategy changes through a democratic
voting process involving a previously unseen class of stakeholders
called “miners.” Agreements need to be reached at the organizational
level for any proposed protocol changes to be approved and activated.
How do DAOs solve the universal problem of organizing with such novel
solutions? What are the implications? We use Bitcoin as an example to
shed light on how a DAO works in the cryptocurrency industry, where it
provides a peer-to-peer, decentralized, and disintermediated payment
system that can compete against traditional financial institutions. We
also invited commentaries from renowned organization scholars to share
their views on this intriguing phenomenon.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Organization Design</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-018-0038-1">10.1186/s41469-018-0038-1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2245408X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
<li>Decentralized autonomous organization</li>
<li>Consensus mechanisms</li>
<li>New forms of organizing</li>
<li>Organizational forms</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_F7UGYV8U" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin as politics: Distributed right-wing extremism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Golumbia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>MoneyLab Reader: An Intervention in Digital Economy, Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_L64LN24B" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin beyond ambivalence: Popular rationalization and Feenberg's technical politics</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tom Redshaw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, Bitcoin emerged
as an alternative monetary system that could circumvent political and
financial authorities. A practice in libertarian prefigurative politics,
Bitcoin demonstrates the capacity for online subgroups to creatively
appropriate internet-based technologies to enact alternative futures.
Andrew Feenberg's critical theory of technology clarifies this capacity
and outlines the significance of agency in technical action. As
technology mediates many social relations, it has a significant role in
the reproduction of social power. Technological agency is therefore a
crucial site of resistance in which users can form alternative,
democratic rationalizations of technology. Yet are such instances of
agency intrinsically democratic? In analysing this aspect of Feenberg's
theory, this article argues that Bitcoin represents a 'popular
rationalization' of technology - a creative appropriation of technology
that empowers some groups while lacking the ethical justification
necessary to be considered democratic.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>138</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>46–64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Thesis Eleven</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0725513616689390">10.1177/0725513616689390</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14617455</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>blockchain technology</li>
<li>critical theory</li>
<li>technological agency</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_GSZHZHWF" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Bitcoin Blackout: Proof-of-Work and the Centralization of Mining</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stefan Scharnowski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yanghua Shi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Electricity constitutes the main input factor for miners of
proof-of-work cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, so they gravitate towards
countries with cheap energy. We analyze risks associated with this
geographical centralization of mining by exploiting an exogenous shock
to electricity supply in a relatively small region with heavy Bitcoin
mining activity. We first document a drop of about 25% in the total
computing power of the Bitcoin network during a blackout that lasts
several days. Compared to a control group consisting of a proof-of-stake
cryptocurrency, we find evidence of blockchain congestion as fees
increase substantially while the number and value of transactions
decrease. We also document an impact on exchange trading activity.
Trading volume and especially exchange rate volatility increase while
liquidity deteriorates during the blackout, even though returns are
mostly unaffected. Additionally, market integration drops as price
differences between exchanges increase considerably.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3936787">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3936787</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: SSRN Electronic Journal
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3936787</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>1–2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>centralization</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_ELECTRICITY</li>
<li>and conference and seminar</li>
<li>and suggestions</li>
<li>and the university of</li>
<li>blackout</li>
<li>christian westheide</li>
<li>g1</li>
<li>g2</li>
<li>jel</li>
<li>mannheim for helpful comments</li>
<li>mining</li>
<li>o30</li>
<li>participants at the cryp-</li>
<li>proof-of-stake</li>
<li>proof-of-work</li>
<li>q40</li>
<li>tocurrency research conference 2021</li>
<li>we thank erik theissen</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AYGXFWDR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin emissions alone could push global warming above 2 C</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Camilo Mora</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Randi L Rollins</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Katie Taladay</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael B Kantar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mason K Chock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mio Shimada</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Erik C Franklin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Nature Publishing Group</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>931–933</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Nature Climate Change</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_4V7BLGTW" class="item document">
<h2>Bitcoin Financial Literacy and Crypto-Twitter</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>J.P. Koning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.aier.org/article/bitcoin-financial-literacy-and-crypto-twitter/">https://www.aier.org/article/bitcoin-financial-literacy-and-crypto-twitter/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: American Institute for Economic Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_6L7V4B9T" class="item webpage">
<h2>Bitcoin for the Open-Minded Skeptic</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matt Huang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.matthuang.com/posts/bitcoin_for_the_open_minded_skeptic">https://www.matthuang.com/posts/bitcoin_for_the_open_minded_skeptic</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:08:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Matt Huang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:08:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:18:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>read/catherine</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_6S9ZAA6W">
<div><p>Note (rufus): more an argument for why Bitcoin will "make it" than any argument why that is socially valuable (or not).</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_ELU9A6X7">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_X3WD77YK" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin Governance as a Decentralized Financial Market Infrastructure</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hossein Nabilou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin is the oldest and most widely established
cryptocurrency network with the highest market capitalization among all
cryptocurrencies. Although bitcoin (with lowercase b) is increasingly
viewed as a digital asset belonging to a new asset class, the Bitcoin
network (with uppercase B) is a decentralized financial market
infrastructure (dFMI) that clears and settles transactions in its native
asset without relying on the conventional financial market
infrastructures (FMIs). To be a reliable asset class as well as a dFMI,
however, Bitcoin needs to have robust governance arrangements; whether
such arrangements are built into the protocol (i.e., on-chain governance
mechanisms) or relegated to the participants in the Bitcoin network
(i.e., off-chain governance mechanisms), or are composed of a
combination of both mechanisms (i.e., hybrid form of governance). This
paper studies Bitcoin governance with a focus on its alleged
shortcomings. In so doing, after defining Bitcoin governance and its
objectives, the paper puts forward an idiosyncratic governance model
whose main objective is to preserve and maximize the main value
proposition of Bitcoin, i.e., its censorship-resistant property, which
allows participants to transact in an environment with minimum social
trust. Therefore, Bitcoin governance, including the processes through
which Bitcoin governance crises have been resolved and the standards
against which the Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs) are examined,
should be analyzed in light of the prevailing narrative of Bitcoin as a
censorship-resistant store of value and payment infrastructure. Within
such a special governance model, this paper seeks to identify the
potential shortcomings in Bitcoin governance by reference to the major
governance crises that posed serious threats to Bitcoin in the last
decade. It concludes that the existing governance arrangements in the
Bitcoin network have been largely successful in dealing with Bitcoin's
major crises that would have otherwise become existential threats to the
Bitcoin network.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://stanford-jblp.pubpub.org/pub/bitcoin-governance/release/2#:$\sim$:text=Although%20bitcoin%20(with%20lowercase%20b,on%20the%20conventional%20financial%20market">https://stanford-jblp.pubpub.org/pub/bitcoin-governance/release/2#:$\sim$:text=Although
bitcoin (with lowercase b,on the conventional financial market</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3555042">10.2139/ssrn.3555042</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>November</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>censorship resistance</li>
<li>e42</li>
<li>e51</li>
<li>e58</li>
<li>g01</li>
<li>g23</li>
<li>g28</li>
<li>governance</li>
<li>jel classification</li>
<li>k22</li>
<li>k23</li>
<li>k24</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7XBL64Y8" class="item document">
<h2>Bitcoin Has Lost Steam. But Criminals Still Love It.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathaniel Popper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/technology/bitcoin-black-market.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/technology/bitcoin-black-market.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_35BTG2EW" class="item webpage">
<h2>Bitcoin Is a Faith-Based Asset</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Joe Weisenthal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-21/bitcoin-is-a-faith-based-asset-joe-weisenthal">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-21/bitcoin-is-a-faith-based-asset-joe-weisenthal</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:17:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:17:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:17:33</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_EFDG3XI9">Bitcoin Is a Faith-Based Asset: Joe Weisenthal - Bloomberg </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZCHJPC3M" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin is basically a Ponzi scheme</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul Krugman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Seattle Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_G4L8SLDM" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin laundering: an analysis of illicit flows into digital currency services</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yaya Fanusie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tom Robinson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Center on Sanctions and Illicit Finance memorandum, January</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_EBXTTFTE" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin mining: A global review of energy and power demand</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sinan Küfeoğlu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mahmut Özkuran</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>After its introduction in 2008, increasing Bitcoin prices and a
booming number of other cryptocurrencies lead to a growing discussion
of how much energy is consumed during the production of these
currencies. Being the most expensive and the most popular
cryptocurrency, both the business world and the research community have
started to question the energy intensity of Bitcoin mining. This paper
only focuses on computational power demand during the proof-of-work
process rather than estimating the whole energy intensity of mining. We
make use of 160GB of Bitcoin blockchain data to estimate the energy
consumption and power demand of Bitcoin mining. We considered the
performance of 269 different hardware models (CPU, GPU, FPGA, and ASIC).
For estimations, we defined two metrics, namely; minimum consumption
and maximum consumption. The targeted time span for the analysis was
from 3 January 2009 to 5 June 2018. We show that the historical peak of
power consumption of Bitcoin mining took place during the bi-weekly
period commencing on 18 December 2017 with a demand of between 1.3 and
14.8 GW. This maximum demand figure was between the installed capacities
of Finland (∼16 GW) and Denmark (∼14 GW). We also show that, during
June 2018, energy consumption of Bitcoin mining from difficulty
recalculation was between 15.47 and 50.24 TWh per year.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101273</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research and Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101273">10.1016/j.erss.2019.101273</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>22146296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:28</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>Consumption</li>
<li>Energy</li>
<li>Mining</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_N6FUUL3T" class="item document">
<h2>Bitcoin poses major electronic-waste problem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mark Peplow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019-03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://cen.acs.org/environment/sustainability/Bitcoin-poses-major-electronic-waste/97/i11">http://cen.acs.org/environment/sustainability/Bitcoin-poses-major-electronic-waste/97/i11</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Chemical &amp; Engineering News</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>American Chemical Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_4CM93AMH" class="item webpage">
<h2>Bitcoin pyramid schemes wreak havoc on Brazil's 'New Egypt'</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>CABO FRIO, Brazil (AP) — In April, Brazil's federal police
stormed the helipad of a boutique seaside hotel in Rio de Janeiro state,
where they busted two men and a woman loading a chopper with 7 million
reais ($1.3 million) in neatly packed bills.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-22T14:43:02Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://apnews.com/article/cryptocurrency-technology-business-brazil-bitcoin-2dc801e5e3aa477ce7983d84dc8a64bb">https://apnews.com/article/cryptocurrency-technology-business-brazil-bitcoin-2dc801e5e3aa477ce7983d84dc8a64bb</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:13:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: Cryptocurrency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>AP NEWS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:13:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:13:43</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_GRPF9B9W">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_92NG4RA8" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Bitcoin Redux: Crypto Crime, and How to Tackle It</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ross Anderson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-06-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>Bitcoin Redux</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.lightbluetouchpaper.org/2018/06/01/bitcoin-redux-crypto-crime-and-how-to-tackle-it/">https://www.lightbluetouchpaper.org/2018/06/01/bitcoin-redux-crypto-crime-and-how-to-tackle-it/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:14:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Light Blue Touchpaper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:14:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 13:26:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_SCUJPGI3">
<div><p>Anderson is a Professor of Security Engineering at the
University Cambridge. Bitcoin Redux explains what’s going wrong in the
world of cryptocurrencies. The bitcoin exchanges are developing into a
shadow banking system, which do not give their customers actual bitcoin
but rather display a "balance" and allow them to transact with others.
However if Alice sends Bob a bitcoin, and they’re both customers of the
same exchange, it just adjusts their balances rather than doing anything
on the blockchain. This is an e-money service, according to European
law, but is the law enforced? Not where it matters. We’ve been looking
at the details.</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_FQTXD9XZ">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7HCL28K5" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nassim Nicholas Taleb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Universa Investments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.14204</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_9U2QDP4J" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nassim Nicholas Taleb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This discussion applies quantitative finance methods and
economic arguments to cryptocurrencies in general and bitcoin in
particular -- as there are about $10,000$ cryptocurrencies, we focus
(unless otherwise specified) on the most discussed crypto of those that
claim to hew to the original protocol (Nakamoto 2009) and the one with,
by far, the largest market capitalization. In its current version, in
spite of the hype, bitcoin failed to satisfy the notion of "currency
without government" (it proved to not even be a currency at all), can be
neither a short nor long term store of value (its expected value is no
higher than $0$), cannot operate as a reliable inflation hedge, and,
worst of all, does not constitute, not even remotely, a safe haven for
one's investments, a shield against government tyranny, or a tail
protection vehicle for catastrophic episodes. Furthermore, bitcoin
promoters appear to conflate the success of a payment mechanism (as a
decentralized mode of exchange), which so far has failed, with the
speculative variations in the price of a zero-sum maximally fragile
asset with massive negative externalities. Going through monetary
history, we show how a true numeraire must be one of minimum variance
with respect to an arbitrary basket of goods and services, how gold and
silver lost their inflation hedge status during the Hunt brothers
squeeze in the late 1970s and what would be required from a true
inflation hedged store of value.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-07-04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>arXiv.org</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14204">http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14204</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>29/12/2021, 20:01:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>arXiv: 2106.14204</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>arXiv:2106.14204 [physics, q-fin]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:08:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:08:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Economics - General Economics</li>
<li>Physics - Physics and Society</li>
<li>Quantitative Finance - General Finance</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_SSZMZEK7">
<p class="plaintext">Comment: Accepted in Quantitative Finance</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_GE9QL2GW">arXiv Fulltext PDF </li>
<li id="item_6HXUTTA6">arXiv.org Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BGSKP49M" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nassim Nicholas Taleb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This discussion applies quantitative finance methods and
economic arguments to cryptocurrencies in general and bitcoin in
particular -- as there are about $10,000$ cryptocurrencies, we focus
(unless otherwise specified) on the most discussed crypto of those that
claim to hew to the original protocol (Nakamoto 2009) and the one with,
by far, the largest market capitalization. In its current version, in
spite of the hype, bitcoin failed to satisfy the notion of "currency
without government" (it proved to not even be a currency at all), can be
neither a short nor long term store of value (its expected value is no
higher than $0$), cannot operate as a reliable inflation hedge, and,
worst of all, does not constitute, not even remotely, a safe haven for
one's investments, a shield against government tyranny, or a tail
protection vehicle for catastrophic episodes. Furthermore, bitcoin
promoters appear to conflate the success of a payment mechanism (as a
decentralized mode of exchange), which so far has failed, with the
speculative variations in the price of a zero-sum maximally fragile
asset with massive negative externalities. Going through monetary
history, we show how a true numeraire must be one of minimum variance
with respect to an arbitrary basket of goods and services, how gold and
silver lost their inflation hedge status during the Hunt brothers
squeeze in the late 1970s and what would be required from a true
inflation hedged store of value.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-07-04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>arXiv.org</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14204">http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14204</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:36:50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>arXiv: 2106.14204</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>arXiv:2106.14204 [physics, q-fin]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:36:50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:36:50</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Economics - General Economics</li>
<li>Physics - Physics and Society</li>
<li>Quantitative Finance - General Finance</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_NDLIB2UC">
<p class="plaintext">Comment: Accepted in Quantitative Finance</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_XLZE7GJA">arXiv Fulltext PDF </li>
<li id="item_G3QZDBAC">arXiv.org Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3VS6LFUM" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nassim Nicholas Taleb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>Zotero</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 14:39:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 14:39:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_6S6E9QKP">Taleb - Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility.pdf </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KAFJXYMC" class="item webpage">
<h2>Bitcoin, GameStop Are More Cults Than Investments</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mark Glongloff</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-02/bitcoin-btc-gamestop-gme-are-more-cults-than-investments">https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-02/bitcoin-btc-gamestop-gme-are-more-cults-than-investments</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:15:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Bloomberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:15:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:16:38</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_6RGSQBFN">Bitcoin ($BTC), GameStop ($GME) Are More Cults Than Investments - Bloomberg </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HCDDQU3G" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin, the End of the Taboo on Money</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Denis Jaromil Roio</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Dyne.org</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Dyne.org</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://files.dyne.org/books/Bitcoin_end_of_taboo_on_money.pdf">https://files.dyne.org/books/Bitcoin_end_of_taboo_on_money.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_C44H99V6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin: A natural oligopoly</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nick Arnosti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>S Matthew Weinberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: INFORMS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Management Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:12:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:12:03</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_C3IYXUSQ" class="item report">
<h2>Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Satoshi Nakamoto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2008</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Institution</th>
<td>Manubot</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_F26G5TP8" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin: A safe haven asset and a winner amid political and economic uncertainties in the US?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Muhammad Umar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chi-Wei Su</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Syed Kumail Abbas Rizvi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Xue-Feng Shao</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>167</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>120680</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Technological Forecasting and Social Change</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:13:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:13:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_GZNQFNLJ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin: Bubble that bursts or Gold that glitters?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rocco Caferra</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gabriele Tedeschi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrea Morone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper aims to shed light on the 2017 Bitcoin bubble.
Firstly, by applying the dynamic time warping algorithm, we identify
among several financial instruments a subsample of five assets with
similar characteristics to the cryptocurrency bubble. Interestingly,
among the fluctuations characterizing these assets, the algorithm shows a
close affinity between the Bitcoin bubble and the 2000 NASDAQ Dotcom
one. Once the subsample is identified, we study the (de)synchronization
among these assets via the wavelet coherence approach. Although Bitcoin
is poorly correlated with the other indices, given its scarce connection
with the real economy, we observe switching phenomena among these
instruments. A more careful study on these portfolio reallocations,
conducted via an event study analysis, reveals that traders seem to
redirect capital from stock markets and gold to Bitcoin in case of
positive events of the cryptocurrency.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176521002196%0A">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176521002196%0A</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>205</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>109942</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Economics Letters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109942">10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109942</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>01651765</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>Assets synchronization</li>
<li>Bubbles</li>
<li>Hedging</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YVCIN4C7" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin's energy consumption is underestimated : A market dynamics approach</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex De Vries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101721">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101721</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>70</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101721</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research &amp; Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101721">10.1016/j.erss.2020.101721</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>July</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2214-6296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>Behavioral economics</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency mining</li>
<li>Energy consumption</li>
<li>Proof-of-work</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3XVND7ZQ" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Bitcoin's future carbon footprint</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shize Qin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lena Klaaßen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ulrich Gallersdörfer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Stoll</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Da Zhang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The carbon footprint of Bitcoin has drawn wide attention, but
Bitcoin's long-term impact on the climate remains uncertain. Here we
present a framework to overcome uncertainties in previous estimates and
project Bitcoin's electricity consumption and carbon footprint in the
long term. If we assume Bitcoin's market capitalization grows in line
with the one of gold, we find that the annual electricity consumption of
Bitcoin may increase from 60 to 400 TWh between 2020 and 2100. The
future carbon footprint of Bitcoin strongly depends on the
decarbonization pathway of the electricity sector. If the electricity
sector achieves carbon neutrality by 2050, Bitcoin's carbon footprint
has peaked already. However, in the business-as-usual scenario,
emissions sum up to 2 gigatons until 2100, an amount comparable to 7% of
global emissions in 2019. The Bitcoin price spike at the end of 2020
shows, however, that progressive development of market capitalization
could yield an electricity consumption of more than 100 TWh already in
2021, and lead to cumulative emissions of over 5 gigatons by 2100.
Therefore, we also discuss policy instruments to reduce Bitcoin's future
carbon footprint.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.02612">http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.02612</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.02612
_eprint: 2011.02612</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_222HWN85" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex de Vries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Stoll</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>175</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Resources, Conservation and Recycling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0921-3449</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_9Y7RUBBQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex de Vries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Stoll</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin's increasing energy consumption has triggered a
passionate debate about the sustainability of the digital currency. And
yet, most studies have thus far ignored that Bitcoin miners cycle
through a growing amount of short-lived hardware that could exacerbate
the growth in global electronic waste. E-waste represents a growing
threat to our environment, from toxic chemicals and heavy metals
leaching into soils, to air and water pollutions caused by improper
recycling. Here we present a methodology to estimate Bitcoin's e-waste
and find that it adds up to 30.7 metric kilotons annually, per May 2021.
This number is comparable to the amount of small IT and
telecommunication equipment waste produced by a country like the
Netherlands. At peak Bitcoin price levels seen early in 2021, the annual
amount of e-waste may grow beyond 64.4 metric kilotons in the midterm,
which highlights the dynamic trend if the Bitcoin price rises further.
Moreover, the demand for mining hardware already today disrupts the
global semiconductor supply chain. The strategies we present may help to
mitigate Bitcoin's growing e-waste problem.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier B.V.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>175</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>105901</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Resources, Conservation and Recycling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901">10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>September</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>18790658</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>Electronic waste</li>
<li>Proof of work</li>
<li>Semiconductor supply chain</li>
<li>Sustainability</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VZQINZRI" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin's Growing Energy Problem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex de Vries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>[Figure presented] The electricity that is expended in the
process of mining Bitcoin has become a topic of heavy debate over the
past few years. It is a process that makes Bitcoin extremely
energy-hungry by design, as the currency requires a huge amount of hash
calculations for its ultimate goal of processing financial transactions
without intermediaries (peer-to-peer). The primary fuel for each of
these calculations is electricity. The Bitcoin network can be estimated
to consume at least 2.55 gigawatts of electricity currently, and
potentially 7.67 gigawatts in the future, making it comparable with
countries such as Ireland (3.1 gigawatts) and Austria (8.2 gigawatts).
Economic models tell us that Bitcoin's electricity consumption will
gravitate toward the latter number. A look at Bitcoin miner production
estimates suggests that this number could already be reached in 2018.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>801–805</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Joule</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.016">10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.016</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25424351</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4QB65KAI" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin's rally masks an uncomfortable fact: almost nobody uses it</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Olga Kharif</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019-05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-31/bitcoin-s-rally-masks-uncomfortable-fact-almost-nobody-uses-it">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-31/bitcoin-s-rally-masks-uncomfortable-fact-almost-nobody-uses-it</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Bloomberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Bloomberg.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_VPQDPVGD" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bitcoin’s energy consumption is underestimated: A market dynamics approach</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex de Vries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>70</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101721</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research &amp; Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_VK8YM6GY" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>Blind signature system</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Chaum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1984</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>153–153</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>Advances in cryptology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_GDGZNZBJ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain and energy: A bibliometric analysis and review</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>L. Ante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>F. Steinmetz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>I. Fiedler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology provides an immutable ledger for secure
value transactions in a network. This base layer technology has the
potential to boost the efficiency of various processes in the energy
sector. In this article, the intersection of blockchain and energy is
analyzed based on the underlying references of 166 publications via
co-citation analysis. Using exploratory factor analysis, six distinct
research streams are identified: I. energy market innovation and
transformation (through blockchain technology), II. blockchain for data
sharing and security, III. energy management in smart grids and scalable
systems, IV. information transmission across networks and its
applications, V. peer-to-peer energy microgrids, and VI. potential of
blockchain technology. For each of these streams, the highest-impact
articles are reviewed. In addition, social network analysis allows to
reveal the relationships and dependencies between the streams. The
results indicate a high degree of homogeneity in this field of research,
as the six streams explain more than 71% of variance. The degree to
which the streams are centered on blockchain technology varies. While
the two most established discourses and the least established one focus
at least in part on blockchain, the other three streams prioritize
energy issues. It is postulated that specific research fields on this
topic are only beginning to emerge, implications are discussed and areas
for future research are derived.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110597">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110597</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier Ltd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>137</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>110597</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110597">10.1016/j.rser.2020.110597</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>October 2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>18790690</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>Distributed ledger</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Data privacy</li>
<li>Electricity</li>
<li>Energy markets</li>
<li>Energy trading</li>
<li>Microgrids</li>
<li>Smart grids</li>
<li>Social network analysis</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LPWW9ISQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies: Where is the accounting?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Miles Gietzmann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Francesco Grossetti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In a recent survey of academic research, Fintech related
topics, broadly classified as crypto-currency studies, were by far the
most researched topics in the social sciences. However, we have observed
that, perhaps surprisingly, even though crypto-currencies rely on a
distributed accounting ledger technology, relatively few of those
studies were conducted by accounting academics. While some of the
features of a system like Bitcoin do not necessarily rely on a
traditional accounting knowledge, this knowledge is key in designing
effective real-world distributed systems. Building on a foundational
framework developed by Risius and Spohrer (2017), we provide support for
their hypothesis that to date, research in this area has been
predominantly of a somewhat narrow focus (i.e., based upon exploiting
existing programming solutions without adequately considering the
fundamental needs of users). This is particularly reflected by the
abundance of Bitcoin-like crypto-currency code-bases with little or no
place for business applications. We suggest that this may severely limit
an appreciation of the relevance and applicability of decentralized
systems, and how they may support value creation and improved
governance. We provide supporting arguments for this statement by
considering four applied classes of problems where a
blockchain/distributed ledger can add value without requiring a
crypto-currency to be an integral part of the functioning system. We
note that each class of problem has been viewed previously as part of
accounting issues within the legacy centralized ledger systems paradigm.
We show how accounting knowledge is still relevant in the shift from
centralized to decentralized ledger systems. We advance the debate on
the development of (crypto-currency free) value-creating distributed
ledger systems by showing that applying accounting knowledge in this
area has potentially a much wider impact than that currently being
applied in areas limited to auditing and operations management. We
develop a typology for general distributed ledger design which assists
potential users to understand the wide range of choices when developing
such systems.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278425421000648">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278425421000648</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>106881</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Accounting and Public Policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2021.106881">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2021.106881</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0278-4254</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:43</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
<li>Asset provenance</li>
<li>Distributed ledger</li>
<li>Regulatory compliance</li>
<li>Smart contracts</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VV3T3XTC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain and renewable energy: Integration challenges in circular economy era</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Abdullah Yildizbasi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Renewable energy technologies play a crucial role in reducing
the energy consumption by exploiting natural energy resources. With the
increase in the trend towards the use of renewable energy resources
energy distribution networks have become more complex. As such, it is
envisioned that efficient distribution of the generated energy, illegal
energy use, unfair pricing, and individual energy producers' entry into
the market will be the key issues that need be tackled in near future.
In this study, we discuss in order to eliminate the problems experienced
in the energy grid management process, the blockchain concept, and its
integration with renewable energy systems. First, we develop a novel
integration process of blockchain with the renewable energy systems
under the circular economy perspective in order to ensure the
sustainability of energy grid management systems, followed by
discussions on the advantages of the proposed integration process for
energy policy makers. Second, the challenges of blockchain faced during
the integration to a circular economy are presented. In order to
prioritize the challenges encountered in the integration process, a
numerical analysis is conducted using the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytical
Hierarchy Process method based on expert opinions, and corresponding
managerial implications are included.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148121007291">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148121007291</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>176</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>183–197</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Renewable Energy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.053">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.053</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0960-1481</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Circular economy</li>
<li>Energy policy</li>
<li>Pythagorean fuzzy AHP</li>
<li>Renewable energy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TTBVN284" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain and smart contracts: The missing link in copyright licensing?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Balázs Bodó</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniel Gervais</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>João Pedro Quintais</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article offers a normative analysis of key blockchain
technology concepts from the perspective of copyright law. Some features
of blockchain technologies - scarcity, trust, transparency,
decentralized public records and smart contracts - seem to make this
technology compatible with the fundamentals of copyright. Authors can
publish works on blockchain creating a quasi-immutable record of initial
ownership, and encode 'smart' contracts to license the use of works.
Remuneration may happen on online distribution platforms where the smart
contracts reside. In theory, such an automated setup allows for the
private ordering of copyright. Blockchain technology, like Digital
Rights Management 20 years ago, is thus presented as an opportunity to
reduce market friction, and increase both licensing efficiency and the
autonomy of creators. Yet, some of the old problems remain. The article
examines the differences between new, smartcontract-based private
ordering regime and the fundamental components of copyright law, such as
exceptions and limitations, the doctrine of exhaustion, restrictions on
formalities, the public domain and fair remuneration.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>311–336</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Law and Information Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eay014">10.1093/ijlit/eay014</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14643693</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Smart contracts</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>Automated licensing</li>
<li>Copyright</li>
<li>Copyright registries</li>
<li>Digital rights management (DRM)</li>
<li>Distributed ledger technology (DLT)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AQGPP6BC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain and the European Union General Data Protection Regulation: The CNIL's Perspective</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Florian Martin-Bariteau</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertes (CNIL), has
published “Blockchain: Premiers elements d'analyse de la CNIL”, a
document on blockchain and the European Union General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR). This document was released by the French Data
Protection Authority (DPA) as a working policy paper and offers an
overview of its initial reflection on the Blockchain technology and its
compliance with the GDPR. The CNIL notes the GDPR has been created to
regulate data use, rather than any particular form of technology. As
such, and without surprise to anyone familiar with privacy law, the CNIL
states the GDPR applies to the use of blockchain in any instance where
personal data is handled. However, this working paper is a very raw
analysis. In our opinion, the document raises more questions than it
answers – and highlights some legal uncertainty with respect to the
qualifications of different actors on a blockchain under the GDPR
taxonomy. In several areas, the CNIL highlights that more reflection is
needed on its end, and that this reflection needs to be undertaken at
the European level.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3275783">10.2139/ssrn.3275783</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QL9N4GWW" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain and the future of energy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Vlada Brilliantova</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Thomas Wolfgang Thurner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper discusses the emergence of blockchain technology in
the energy sector in the light of ongoing energy market transformation.
The study builds on literature research and expert interviews, and
provides insights into the future energy landscape in the context of the
blockchain advent. While the interviewees acknowledge the great, though
disruptive, potential of blockchain technology for the primary
activities in the electricity sector, there is agreement that inflexible
regulatory frameworks impose the biggest challenge. The widest impact
which blockchain technology will have in the short-term will be in
electric vehicle integration, while in the long-term blockchain will
enable peer-to-peer microgrids. The role that the blockchain will play,
though, relies mainly on the business model innovation in energy. While a
growing body of literature discusses specific blockchain applications
and solutions in an advanced technological set-up, this paper presents a
holistic picture of the blockchain applicability in the energy sector
and thematises this very powerful and versatile technology against the
background of two emerging economies: South Africa and Russia.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X1830188X">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X1830188X</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>38–45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Technology in Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.11.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.11.001</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0160-791X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Application</li>
<li>Decentralised generation</li>
<li>Distributed energy resources</li>
<li>Energy exchange</li>
<li>Peer-to-peer</li>
<li>Power sector</li>
<li>Transactive energy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TDDZY3HL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain and the law of the cat: What Cryptokitties might teach</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bryan Wilson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://umkclawreview.files.wordpress.com/2020/05/wilson.pdf">https://umkclawreview.files.wordpress.com/2020/05/wilson.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>88</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>365–396</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>UMKC Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://umkclawreview.files.wordpress.com/2020/05/wilson.pdf">https://umkclawreview.files.wordpress.com/2020/05/wilson.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Z3PZ24XG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain and the Law: A Critical Evaluation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>B. Bodó</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>A. Giannopoulou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>V. Ferrari</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Suggested citation: Quintais, João and Bodó, Balázs and
Giannopoulou, Alexandra and Ferrari, Valeria, Blockchain and the Law: A
Critical Evaluation (January 17, 2019). Pedro Quintais, B. Bodó, A.
Giannopoulou, &amp; A. Ferrari (2019). Blockchain and the Law: A
Critical Evaluation. Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law &amp; Policy
(2)1, Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2019-03, Institute for
Information Law Research Paper No. 2019-01, Available at SSRN:
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3317404</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>86–112</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law &amp; Policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>distributed ledger technology</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
<li>and Illegal Behavior</li>
<li>book review</li>
<li>Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law</li>
<li>Information law</li>
<li>law</li>
<li>Law and Economics</li>
<li>Legal Procedure</li>
<li>the Legal System</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DFMIE4VW" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>Blockchain and the Promise (s) of Decentralisation : A
Sociological Investigation of the Sociotechnical Imaginaries of
Blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Moritz Becker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=5e2997b7bb322&amp;location=browse">https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=5e2997b7bb322&amp;location=browse</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<td>978-3-85125-668-0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>6–30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>Proceedings of the STS Conference Graz 2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-85125-668-0-02">10.3217/978-3-85125-668-0-02</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>technology</li>
<li>decentralisation</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
<li>imaginaries</li>
<li>techno-utopianism</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6573FP9P" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain and the tokenization of the individual: Societal implications</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Monique J. Morrow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mehran Zarrebini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>We are living in a world where the very systems upon which
trust is based are being challenged by new and exciting paradigm shifts.
Centralization whether in the form of governments, financial
institutions, enterprises and organizations is simply being challenged
because of the lack of trust associated with data governance often
experienced in the form of data breaches or simply a monetization of our
data without our permission and/or incentives to participate in this
emerging decentralization of structures. We see this trust deficit
challenging the very institutions we have depended on including but not
limited to financial institutions, private enterprises or government
bodies. A new "social contract" is required as we continuously evolve
into more decentralized and self-governing (or semi self-governing)
entities. We will see more development in digital sovereignty with the
caveat that a governance model will need to be defined. This position
paper will present evidence that supports the premise that blockchain
and individual tokenization could provide a new social contract.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>220</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Future Internet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3390/FI11100220">10.3390/FI11100220</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>19995903</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:43</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>Decentralization</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>Monetization</li>
<li>Social</li>
<li>Tokenization</li>
<li>Waste management</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YFTNFPPA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain applications for climate protection: A global empirical investigation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gregor Dorfleitner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Franziska Muck</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Isabel Scheckenbach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Our research consolidates the actual environment of blockchain
applications that contribute in a certain way to climate protection. In
view of the growing interest in climate change and the need to act on a
global scale, knowledge about these applications enables investors,
politicians, and citizens to drive this development forward through
diverse support opportunities. This article provides an extensive
overview of existing mitigation and adaptation measures based on
blockchain technology. We collect data on 85 such applications and
describe the empirical distributions of different attributes of these
applications. In a logit regression, we analyze which
application-specific and blockchain-specific characteristics determine
the success of an application in the sense of an advanced operational
status. We find evidence that applications of the type “energy trading”
exhibit reduced chances of success, while green blockchain-based
applications implementing a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism are more
likely to become operational. Moreover, pursuing an initial coin
offering has no significant effect on the success of an application. Our
work provides the basis for a better understanding of the success
factors of this new technology.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111378">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111378</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier Ltd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>149</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>111378</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111378">10.1016/j.rser.2021.111378</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>June</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>18790690</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Consensus mechanisms</li>
<li>Distributed ledger</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
<li>Green finance</li>
<li>Peer-to-peer transactions</li>
<li>Sustainability goals</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_D8WQCXR3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain as a confidence machine: The problem of trust &amp; challenges of governance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Primavera De Filippi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Morshed Mannan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wessel Reijers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology was created as a response to the trust
crisis that swept the world in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis.
Bitcoin and other blockchain-based systems were presented as a
“trustless” alternative to existing financial institutions and even
governments. Yet, while the trustless nature of blockchain technology
has been heavily questioned, little research has been done as to what
blockchain technologies actually bring to the table in place of trust.
This article draws from the extensive academic discussion on the
concepts of “trust” and “confidence” to argue that blockchain technology
is not a ‘trustless technology' but rather a ‘confidence machine'.
First, the article provides a review of the multifaceted
conceptualisations of trust and confidence, and the relationship between
these two concepts. Second, the claim is made that blockchain
technology relies on cryptographic rules, mathematics, and
game-theoretical incentives in order to increase confidence in the
operations of a computational system. Yet, such an increase in
confidence ultimately relies on the proper operation and governance of
the underlying blockchain-based network, which requires trusting a
variety of actors. Third, the article turns to legal, constitutional and
polycentric governance theory to explore the governance challenges of
blockchain-based systems, in light of the tension between procedural
confidence and trust.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101284">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101284</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier Ltd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>62</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101284</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Technology in Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101284">10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101284</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>June</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0160791X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Trust</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
<li>Confidence</li>
<li>Governance</li>
<li>Polycentricity</li>
<li>Rule of law</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_M962FC6I" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain as a medium for transindividual collective</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Juho Rantala</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Today, digitalisation is penetrating every corner of our
mundane life, thus affecting our being in manifold ways. In spite of
this, digital technologies provide us with paths towards advancing
humanity. One way to model the possibilities of the new technologies in a
sustainable way is to frame them in light of Gilbert Simondon's
philosophy and especially his understanding of ‘transindividuality',
which is the foundation for a robust, evolving collective. The
transindividual relation, mediated by technical objects, is the
possibility of a concurrent problem-solving at the collective and
individual level. One of these new technologies, blockchain, a
decentralised peer-to-peer database, practically demonstrates a complex
system that can cultivate this transindividuality. Although not without
its flaws, blockchain nonetheless presents a serious innovation for
collective being.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>60</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>250–263</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Culture, Theory and Critique</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2019.1694213">10.1080/14735784.2019.1694213</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3-4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14735776</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:43</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_B2SAISTX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Control</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jannice Käll</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology is often discussed and theorized in
relation to cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Its quality as a
technology that produces advanced encryption keys between objects,
however, also makes it interesting to those who seek to connect physical
objects to digital elements. The reason for this is that the link
between objects needs to be ‘secure' from undesired external
interference. In relation to such interests, blockchain has been
identified as a highly attractive technology to support the general
digitalization of society towards the Internet of Things, smart cities
etc. In extension, the implementation of blockchain technology implies
that it may work as a tool that has the capacity to direct which objects
may/may not interact with each other. The ‘ledger of everything' that
blockchain may possibly produce as regards the ‘Internet of Everything'
is even suggested to make humans and other intermediary technologies
redundant. In this essay, I argue that in order to sustain legal
critique when the world moves into the next era of digitalization, we
need to understand - and question - how technological control operates
through e.g. blockchain technology by locking physical and digital
elements to each other.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>133–140</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Law and Critique</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-018-9227-x">10.1007/s10978-018-9227-x</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15728617</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:09</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Control</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
<li>Internet of things</li>
<li>New materialisms</li>
<li>Property</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3G9ZS69S" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yan Chen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Cristiano Bellavitis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology can reduce transaction costs, generate
distributed trust, and empower decentralized platforms, potentially
becoming a new foundation for decentralized business models. In the
financial industry, blockchain technology allows for the rise of
decentralized financial services, which tend to be more decentralized,
innovative, interoperable, borderless, and transparent. Empowered by
blockchain technology, decentralized financial services have the
potential to broaden financial inclusion, facilitate open access,
encourage permissionless innovation, and create new opportunities for
entrepreneurs and innovators. In this article, we assess the benefits of
decentralized finance, identify existing business models, and evaluate
potential challenges and limits. As a new area of financial technology,
decentralized finance may reshape the structure of modern finance and
create a new landscape for entrepreneurship and innovation, showcasing
the promises and challenges of decentralized business models.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Business Venturing Insights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151">10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>23526734</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:59</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>Decentralization</li>
<li>Decentralized finance</li>
<li>Decentralized platform</li>
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>FinTech</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8INJAZ4D" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Dreams: Imagining Techno-Economic Alternatives After Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lana Swartz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>NA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://llaannaa.com/papers/Swartz_Blockchain_Dreams.pdf">http://llaannaa.com/papers/Swartz_Blockchain_Dreams.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Polity Cambridge, UK</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>82–105</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Another Economy is Possible: Culture and Economy in a Time of Crisis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/http://llaannaa.com/papers/Swartz_Blockchain_Dreams.pdf">http://llaannaa.com/papers/Swartz_Blockchain_Dreams.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_S326ZVT6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain energy: Blockchain in future energy systems</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bernd Teufel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anton Sentic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mathias Barmet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The ongoing, in-depth transformation of the electricity sector
towards increased use of alternative, renewable energy sources extends
beyond a simple decentralisation drive in the electricity market. The
transformation process is characterised by the interplay of old and new
technologies from the energy sector as well as structural coupling with
other sectors, such as the information and communications technology
(ICT), enabling the technology transfer as well as market entry by
information technology (IT) actors. Blockchain-based technologies have
the potential to play a key role in this transition by offering
decentralised interfaces and systems as well as an alternative approach
to the current organisation form of the energy market. This paper
discusses the applicability and prospects for blockchain-based
technologies in the energy sector, which are described using the term
“blockchain energy”. For the purposes of this study, blockchain energy
encompasses all socio-technical and organisational configurations in the
energy sector based on the utilisation of the blockchain principle for
energy trading, information storage, and/or increased transparency of
energy flows and energy services. In the following chapters, the authors
present and discuss the current transformation in the electricity
market, followed by a review of the different utilisation possibilities
for blockchain technologies in the energy sector and a discussion of the
barriers and potential for blockchain energy using a transition studies
perspective. Finally, the opportunities and risks of blockchain energy
are discussed.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674862X20300057">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674862X20300057</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>100011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Electronic Science and Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnlest.2020.100011">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnlest.2020.100011</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1674-862X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Blockchain energy management</li>
<li>Crowd energy</li>
<li>Transition research</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AGYY3JVA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain for energy sharing and trading in distributed prosumer communities</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ioan Petri</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Masoud Barati</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yacine Rezgui</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Omer F Rana</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The decentralisation of energy supply and demand can
contribute decisively to protecting the environment and climate of the
planet by consuming electricity in the proximity of the generation
source and avoiding losses in transmission and distribution. Supporting
energy transactions with emerging intelligent technologies can advance
the development of energy communities and accelerate the integration of
renewable sources. Distributed energy solutions play an essential role
as they are explicitly designed to produce, store and deliver green
energy. Profiting with these benefits is essential, especially in the
context of the current debate on stopping climate change. Several
technologies such as waste heat recovery with intelligent algorithms can
improve the energy distribution and provide significant resource
savings. On the other hand, the usage of Blockchain technology in energy
markets promises to incentivise the use of renewables and provide a
reliable framework to monitor real-time information of energy production
and consumption. Blockchain can also enable trading between independent
agents and lead to the formation of more secured energy communities. In
this paper, we demonstrate how Blockchain can be utilised to support
the formation and use of energy communities. We propose a
Blockchain-based energy framework as a mean to support energy exchanges
in a community of prosumers. We demonstrate how smart contracts can
manage energy transactions and enable a more secured trading environment
between consumers and producers. We utilise data and models from a real
fish processing industrial site in Milford Haven Port, South Wales,
based on which we validate our research hypothesis.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361520305169">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361520305169</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>123</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>103282</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Computers in Industry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103282">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103282</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0166-3615</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Smart contracts</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Cost</li>
<li>Energy communities</li>
<li>Fish industries</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XRJETZGA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain for Future Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Survey</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Muhammad Baqer Mollah</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jun Zhao</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dusit Niyato</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kwok Yan Lam</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Xin Zhang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Amer M.Y.M. Ghias</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Leong Hai Koh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lei Yang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The concept of smart grid has been introduced as a new vision
of the conventional power grid to figure out an efficient way of
integrating green and renewable energy technologies. In this way,
Internet-connected smart grid, also called energy Internet, is also
emerging as an innovative approach to ensure the energy from anywhere at
any time. The ultimate goal of these developments is to build a
sustainable society. However, integrating and coordinating a large
number of growing connections can be a challenging issue for the
traditional centralized grid system. Consequently, the smart grid is
undergoing a transformation to the decentralized topology from its
centralized form. On the other hand, blockchain has some excellent
features which make it a promising application for the smart grid
paradigm. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive survey on
the application of blockchain in smart grid. As such, we identify the
significant security challenges of smart grid scenarios that can be
addressed by blockchain. Then, we present a number of blockchain-based
recent research works presented in different literature addressing
security issues in the area of smart grid. We also summarize several
related practical projects, trials, and products that have emerged
recently. Finally, we discuss essential research challenges and future
directions of applying blockchain to smart grid security issues.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>_eprint: 1911.03298</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>18–43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>IEEE Internet of Things Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.2993601">10.1109/JIOT.2020.2993601</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>23274662</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>distributed energy resources (DERs)</li>
<li>energy Internet (EI)</li>
<li>energy trading</li>
<li>grid 2.0</li>
<li>Internet of Energy (IoE)</li>
<li>microgrid</li>
<li>security</li>
<li>smart contract</li>
<li>smart grid</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4GNH2DGV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain for international development: Using a learning agenda to address knowledge gaps</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>John Burg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christine Murphy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jean Paul Petraud</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://merltech.org/blockchain-for-international-development-using-a-learning-agenda-to-address-knowledge-gaps">http://merltech.org/blockchain-for-international-development-using-a-learning-agenda-to-address-knowledge-gaps</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>MERL Tech</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_4PYV3RDB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain for Internet of Energy management: Review, solutions, and challenges</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Arzoo Miglani</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Neeraj Kumar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Vinay Chamola</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sherali Zeadally</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>After smart grid, Internet of Energy (IoE) has emerged as a
popular technology in the energy sector by integrating different forms
of energy. IoE uses Internet to collect, organize, optimize and manage
the networks energy information from different edge devices in order to
develop a distributed smart energy infrastructure. Sensors and
communication technologies are used to collect data and to predict
demand and supply by consumers and suppliers respectively. However, with
the development of renewable energy resources, Electric Vehicles (EVs),
smart grid and Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, the existing energy
sector started shifting towards distributed and decentralized solutions.
Moreover, the security and privacy issues because of centralization is
another major concern for IoE technology. In this context, Blockchain
technology with the features of automation, immutability, public ledger
facility, irreversibility, decentralization, consensus and security has
been adopted in the literature for solving the prevailing problems of
centralized IoE architecture. By leveraging smart contracts, blockchain
technology enables automated data exchange, complex energy transactions,
demand response management and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading etc.
Blockchain will play vital role in the evolution of the IoE market as
distributed renewable resources and smart grid network are being
deployed and used. We discuss the potential and applications of
blockchain in the IoE field. This article is build on the literature
research and it provides insight to the end-user regarding the future
IoE scenario in the context of blockchain technology. Lastly this
article discusses the different consensus algorithm for IoE technology.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366419314951">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366419314951</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>151</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>395–418</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Computer Communications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.01.014">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.01.014</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0140-3664</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Consensus algorithm</li>
<li>Internet of Energy</li>
<li>Smart grid</li>
<li>Vehicle-to-grid</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZE3D58YP" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Governance Challenges: Beyond Libertarianism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Outi Korhonen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Juho Rantala</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This essay considers the ideological context of blockchain
technology. This technology is often celebrated for its potential for
decentralization, distribution, privacy, and a lack of intermediaries
and coordinators for transactions and general governance. Because of
these features, blockchain technology, and, in particular, its most
famous inauguration - the bitcoin blockchain - is frequently identified
with libertarianism. In this essay, we argue that the ideological
context of blockchain technology is much more complicated. In addition
to unraveling a number of background ideologies and their role in this
technology, we raise the ontological issue concerning the relationship
of ideology to technology. These matters have implications for, among
other things, the approach that should be taken to blockchain's
governance, as well as how international lawyers may approach this
foreign-seeming phenomenon that has its proponents from the European
Central Bank to the United Nations (not, however, forgetting the private
sector nor the digital underground).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Cambridge University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>115</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>408–412</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>AJIL Unbound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.65">10.1017/aju.2021.65</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>23987723</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9VSUIK52" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain governance in the public sector: A conceptual framework for public management</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Evrim Tan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stanislav Mahula</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Joep Crompvoets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>A key challenge behind the adoption of blockchain in the
public sector is understanding the dynamics of blockchain governance.
Based on a systematic literature review, this article analyzes different
approaches to blockchain governance across disciplines and develops a
comprehensive conceptual framework for the study of blockchain
governance decisions in the public sector. The framework clusters nine
types of governance decisions (infrastructure architecture, application
architecture, interoperability, decision-making mechanism, incentive
mechanism, consensus mechanism, organization of governance,
accountability of governance, and control of governance) into three
levels of analysis (micro, meso, and macro-levels). Drawing on public
management theories and concepts, the article elucidates the
implications of various governance choices in each level of governance
and provides a primer for researchers and policy practitioners on the
design of blockchain-based systems in the public sector.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101625</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Government Information Quarterly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101625">10.1016/j.giq.2021.101625</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0740624X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>Distributed ledger technology</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>Governance</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>DAO</li>
<li>Public management</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RA5NIAAS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain governance-A new way of organizing collaborations?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fabrice Lumineau</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wenqian Wang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Oliver Schilke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The recent emergence of blockchains may be considered a
critical turning point in organizing collaborations. We outline the
historical background and the fundamental features of blockchains and
present an analysis with a focus on their role as governance mechanisms.
Specifically, we argue that blockchains offer a way to enforce
agreements and achieve cooperation and coordination that is distinct
from both traditional contractual and relational governance as well as
from other information technology solutions. We also examine the scope
of blockchains as efficient governance mechanisms and highlight the
tacitness of the transaction as a key boundary condition. We then
discuss how blockchain governance interacts with traditional governance
mechanisms in both substitutive and complementary ways. We pay
particular attention to blockchains' social implications as well as
their inherent challenges and limitations. Our analysis culminates in a
research agenda that explores how blockchains may change the way to
organize collaborations, including issues of what different types of
blockchains may emerge, who is involved and impacted by blockchain
governance, why actors may want blockchains, when and where blockchains
can be more (versus less) effective, and how blockchains influence a
number of important organizational outcomes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: INFORMS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>500–521</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Organization Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1379">10.1287/orsc.2020.1379</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15265455</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
<li>Blockchains</li>
<li>Collaboration</li>
<li>Contractual governance</li>
<li>Digitalization</li>
<li>Relational governance</li>
<li>Research agenda</li>
<li>Technological innovation</li>
<li>Transaction costs</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4CHWQEJ6" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Blockchain Governance: De Facto (x) or Designed?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Darra Hofman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Quinn DuPont</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Angela Walch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ivan Beschastnikh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>21–33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Building Decentralized Trust</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_FCC4YWB2" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Blockchain Governance: De Facto (x)or Designed?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Darra Hofman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Quinn DuPont</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Angela Walch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ivan Beschastnikh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Governance of blockchain technologies has not been
historically prioritized beyond technological dimensions, and relatively
little literature exists on the prescriptive governance of blockchain
platforms. Existing governance frameworks, such as IT governance, may
not be suitable or easily applied to the novel context of blockchain;
instead, the authors of this chapter argue it may be more appropriate to
adopt a grounded approach to the development of governance theory for
blockchains. Situating their discussion of blockchain governance within
existing, external power structures—legal, political, economic,
environmental, and social—the authors outline an internal governance
framework for the blockchain system itself. Taking an inclusive,
question-led approach, this internal governance framework aims to ensure
that areas of risk are identified, and determine how conflict and
crisis related to blockchain technology—and blockchain-enabled forms of
organization and interactions—can be handled.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54414-0_2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<td>978-3-030-54414-0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>21–33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Series Number</th>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Building Decentralized Trust</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_P3QCGAMK" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Identities: Notational Technologies for Control and Management of Abstracted Entities</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Quinn Dupont</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper argues that many so-called digital technologies can
be construed as notational technologies, explored through the example
of Monegraph, an art and digital asset management platform built on top
of the blockchain system originally developed for the cryptocurrency
bitcoin. As the paper characterizes it, a notational technology is the
performance of syntactic notation within a field of reference, a
technologized version of what Nelson Goodman called a “notational
system.” Notational technologies produce abstracted entities through
positive and reliable, or constitutive, tests of socially acceptable
meaning. Accordingly, this account deviates from typical narratives of
blockchains (usually characterized as Turing or state machines), instead
demonstrating that blockchain technologies are effective at managing
digital assets because they produce abstracted identities through the
performance of notation. Since notational technologies rely on
configurations of socially acceptable meaning, this paper also provides a
philosophical account of how blockchain technologies are socially
embedded.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Wiley Online Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>634–653</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Metaphilosophy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12267">10.1111/meta.12267</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14679973</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>identity</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>Goodman</li>
<li>notation</li>
<li>philosophy of computing</li>
<li>philosophy of technology</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_C2S6369M" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain is Meaningless</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Adrianne Jeffries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091766/blockchain-bitcoin-ethereum-cryptocurrency-meaning">https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17091766/blockchain-bitcoin-ethereum-cryptocurrency-meaning</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Verge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_YCLS7SIQ" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Blockchain is Not Only Crappy Technology But a Bad Vision for the Future</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kai Stinchcombe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain is not only crappy technology but a bad vision for
the future. Its failure to achieve adoption to date is because systems
built…</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-04-05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://medium.com/@kaistinchcombe/decentralized-and-trustless-crypto-paradise-is-actually-a-medieval-hellhole-c1ca122efdec">https://medium.com/@kaistinchcombe/decentralized-and-trustless-crypto-paradise-is-actually-a-medieval-hellhole-c1ca122efdec</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:16:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:16:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:18:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_4V3577XZ">
<div><p>"Blockchain is not only crappy technology but a bad vision for
the future. Its failure to achieve adoption to date is because systems
built on trust, norms, and institutions inherently function better than
the type of no-need-for-trusted-parties systems blockchain envisions.
That’s permanent: no matter how much blockchain improves it is still
headed in the wrong direction."</p></div>
</li>
<li id="item_HMV556VK">
<div><p>Part of Kai Stinchcombe series that discusses whether blockchain
can solve various real world use-cases better than traditional
technologies</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_HG9E5F76">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ATS63TMG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Machines, Earth Beings and the Labour of Trust</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Larry Lohmann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The last decade's developments in computation are major topics
of debate among business, policymakers, and social movements alike.
Blockchain, Bitcoin, smart contracts, the Internet of Things, machine
translation, image recognition, the Earth Bank of Codes-all are
understood to be not only business opportunities but also political and
environmental issues. Seldom mentioned, however, is the extent to which
these innovations are part of an ecological history that goes back to
the early 19 th century and before. A strategic understanding their
dynamics and contradictions requires looking again at long-standing
pictures of labour, mechanization, commons, and capital accumulation.
Different ways of thinking about Marx's categories of living and dead
labour inspired by the work of the later Wittgenstein can help. 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Corner House</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>May</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7YFKH5XS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Matters—Lex Cryptographia and the Displacement of Legal Symbolics and Imaginaries</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Katrin Becker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article focusses on the social and legal implications
that blockchain technology brings about, not only due to its ideological
framework, but also, and especially, due to the concept of law it
inaugurates. Thus, this article claims, that, by interlocking
technological and legal structures, blockchain technology initiates a
profound displacement of legal symbolics and imaginaries. It shows how
blockchain law, by emancipating itself from three essential dimensions
of law—language, territory, and the body—implies a profound disruption
of how we perceive law and its legitimacy. Starting with an overview of
the technological details of blockchain, the paper then addresses its
ideological context and traces the underlying ideas, values and
functions and their relation with—and impact on—the general perception
of law and legal issues. By critically assessing the claim that
blockchain will liberate the subject from any heteronymic constraints,
this paper analyses to what extent this technology has social and legal
implications that reach far beyond its virtual, purely
blockchain-related scope of applications—and why this technology should
matter to us all.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10978-021-09317-8">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10978-021-09317-8</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Law and Critique</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-021-09317-8">10.1007/s10978-021-09317-8</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0957-8536</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3IKLTWTB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Networks as Constitutional and Competitive Polycentric Orders</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Eric Alston</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wilson Law</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ilia Murtazashvili</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Martin B. H. Weiss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Institutional economists have analyzed permissionless
blockchains as a novel institutional building block for voluntary
economic exchange and distributed governance, with their unique protocol
features such as automated contract execution, high levels of network
and process transparency, and uniquely distributed governance. But such
institutional analysis needs to be complemented by polycentric analysis
of how blockchains change. We characterize such change as resulting from
internal sources and external sources. Internal sources include
constitutional (protocol) design and collective-choice processes for
updating protocols, which help coordinate network participants and
users. External sources include competitive pressure from other
cryptocurrency networks. By studying two leading networks, Bitcoin and
Ethereum, we illustrate how conceptualizing blockchains as competing and
constitutional polycentric enterprises clarifies their processes of
change.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3887701">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3887701</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Cambridge University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3887701">10.2139/ssrn.3887701</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6TGQWSD4" class="item book">
<h2>Blockchain Regulation and Governance in Europe</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michèle Finck</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>"In Blockchain Regulation and Governance in Europe, Michèle
Finck examines the relationship between blockchain technology and EU law
and introduces the theme of blockchain governance. The book provides a
general introduction to blockchains as both a regulatable and a
regulatory technology and outlines the interaction between Distributed
Ledger Technology and specific areas of EU law, such as the General Data
Protection Regulation. It should be read by anyone interested in EU
law, the relationship between law, innovation and technology, and
technology governance"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Blockchain Regulation and Governance in Europe
DOI: 10.1017/9781108609708</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Cambridge University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_2L6QSHPY" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Smart Contracts: A Socio-Legal Approach</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Leonardo Peixoto Barbosa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Business+Law+Review/32.2/EULR2021010%0A">https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Business+Law+Review/32.2/EULR2021010%0A</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>European Business Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Business+Law+Review/32.2/EULR2021010">https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Business+Law+Review/32.2/EULR2021010</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LPVZLBTJ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Startups and Prospectus Regulation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dmitri Boreiko</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Guido Ferrarini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paolo Giudici</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Initial coin offerings are a new way for blockchain startups
to finance project development by issuing coins or tokens in exchange
for fiat money or Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies. In this article, we
start from the current distinction between different types of tokens
and argue that it can create confusion and should be at least partially
abandoned. We believe that the conceptual difference between a currency
token and a tradable utility token is just the dimension of the crypto
environment in which the token is spent. More specifically, ‘utility
tokens' combine the customer payment mechanism with the utility
component and, when tradable on a secondary market, the investment one.
We argue that they blur the traditional distinctions between currencies,
financial assets and consumption goods. Moreover, we stress the
increasing importance of online crypto exchanges. Recently some
exchanges have also taken up the role of trusted intermediaries and
staked their reputation on token offerings, which are termed initial
exchange offerings and have gained in popularity. We therefore argue
that the crypto market increasingly looks like a segment of the capital
market and behaves as such. Given that tokens have a clear investment
component, we show that they are tradable securities under the
Prospectus Regulation. We compare the European securities regulation
with its US counterpart and focus on prospectus exemptions, highlighting
the great differences between Europe and the US which make Europe less
amicable to blockchain startups.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>665–694</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>European Business Organization Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s40804-019-00168-6">10.1007/s40804-019-00168-6</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17416205</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Financial regulation</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
<li>Initial coin offerings</li>
<li>Initial exchange offerings</li>
<li>Prospectus</li>
<li>Startups</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5TJZGWD4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain study finds 0.00% success rate and vendors don’t call back when asked for evidence</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>A Orlowski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Register</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_B4XANWQC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Technology as an Institution of Property</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>G. Ishmaev</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper argues that the practical implementation of
blockchain technology can be considered an institution of property
similar to legal institutions. Invoking Penner's theory of property and
Hegel's system of property rights, and using the example of bitcoin, it
is possible to demonstrate that blockchain effectively implements all
necessary and sufficient criteria for property without reliance on legal
means. Blockchains eliminate the need for a third-party authority to
enforce exclusion rights, and provide a system of universal access to
knowledge and discoverability about the property rights of all
participants and how the system functions. The implications of these
findings are that traditional property relations in society could be
replaced by or supplemented with blockchain models, and implemented in
new domains.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>666–686</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Metaphilosophy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/meta.12277">10.1111/meta.12277</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14679973</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>property</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>institutions</li>
<li>rights</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_D6BREDRH" class="item thesis">
<h2>Blockchain technology as the digital enabler to scale up renewable energy communities and cooperatives in Spain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alice Zannini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Universiteit Utrecht</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>1–91</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CIB2I4UC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain Technology: Toward a Decentralized Governance of Digital Platforms?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Primavera De Filippi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Xavier Lavayssière</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Despite its promise to establish a more decentralized society
with a novel economic order, 5 many of the blockchain-based networks or
applications implemented thus far ultimately rely on market dynamics and
economic incentives for distributed coordination. Indeed \ldots</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03098502">https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03098502</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 9781953035080</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Great Awakening: New Modes of Life amidst Capitalist Ruins, Punctum Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WCPRKJTB" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Blockchain utopia and its governance shortfalls</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Uta Kohl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Edward Elgar Publishing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Blockchain and Public Law</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:08:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:08:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_T956XBSB" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Blockchain-based Systems Are Not What They Say They Are</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>If you go out seeking to learn why blockchains and the systems
built atop them are apparently the future of our web, you’ll begin to
see some common themes. These fall apart under further scrutiny.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-us</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.mollywhite.net/blockchains-are-not-what-they-say/">https://blog.mollywhite.net/blockchains-are-not-what-they-say/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:55:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:55:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 13:27:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_SRHZD99H">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_P6773WQR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain, Disintermediation and the Future of the Legal Professions</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paola Heudebert</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Claire Leveneur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Will the 2020s herald the death warrant of the legal
professions? If we listen to blockchain technology's most devout
advocates, the answer is a resounding yes. Blockchain is often
proclaimed as the ultimate tool for allowing unrestrained exchanges
between contracting parties with no preexisting relationships, and thus
suppressing the need for intermediaries. In other words, blockchain
could be a “trust machine,” which could open up the possibility of
conducting transactions in full confidence, without the risk of
non-performance or misguidance. However, it is utopian idealism to
assume that blockchain technology could enable pure and total
disintermediation. All trusted third parties cannot disappear in one
fell swoop - especially legal professions. This Article problematizes
blockchain's apparent objective of disintermediation and argues that, in
reality, blockchain leads to a form of reintermediation. Of course, the
role of the legal professions in the face of the advance blockchain
technology is inextricable to the role of the law in blockchain. While
advocates have detailed the diminishing role of law and regulation in
the application of blockchain technology, we adopt a comparison of the
French and the American jurisdiction's to blockchain technology, to
demonstrate that, in fact, the law cannot be extricated from
blockchain's advance. This Article explores a new angle on blockchain's
place in the legal professions and offers new perspectives for lawyers
to anticipate a future defined by “known unknowns,” and the “unknown
unknowns” of blockchain technology .</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=3781504">https://ssrn.com/abstract=3781504</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>275–319</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Cardozo Int'l &amp; Comp. L. Rev.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3781504">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3781504</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FZ36QF29" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchain, GDPR, and fantasies of data sovereignty</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robert Herian</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Like the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation
(GDPR), the broader, mainstream emergence of blockchain technology in
the present moment of, what I call, data dysphoria is no accident. It is
in part reaction to data dysphoria, and in part exploitation of it, a
duality underpinned by the tantalising promise of the prosumer ‘taking
control' of their data and establishing sovereignty over it. Blockchain
and GDPR alike aim to resolve ‘problem'/'solution' matrices with deep
roots in a wide variety of global economic, political, social, legal and
cultural contexts. This article explores the problem of achieving
resolution based on innovation and technology by offering an account of
the rise of blockchain and implementation of GDPR within a
psycho-political framework, one in which fantasies of taking control are
predominant yet highly contestable actualities in the lives of
technology users.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2020.1727094">https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2020.1727094</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>156–174</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Law, Innovation and Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2020.1727094">10.1080/17579961.2020.1727094</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1757997X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>regulation</li>
<li>control</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
<li>data</li>
<li>fantasy</li>
<li>GDPR</li>
<li>sovereignty</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XNLXTY7C" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Blockchain, or, Peer Production Without Guarantees</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Pablo Velasco González</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathaniel Tkacz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Summary Blockchains are aggregated and distributed databases:
shared, chained, and immutable registries that conflate the production
of digital tokens with their circulation. At their most basic level,
they are technologies for keeping account, or records, of some form of
activity, hence they are part of a long lineage of storing data, from
clay tablets to bookkeeping. On a technical level, blockchains are
peer-to-peer (P2P) structures for distributing and storing data. This
chapter begins with a historical consideration of the emergence of peer
production, including a reevaluation of the work of Yochai Benkler. It
shows that peer production was given coherence as a model of production
by being contrasted with two other modes (hierarchies and markets) and
through the lens of Benkler's economic liberalism. The chapter
distinguishes between four moments or aspects of blockchain initiatives
that configure peers in different ways: peer production, peer
development, peer governance, and peer exchange.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119537151.ch18">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119537151.ch18</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: 18
DOI: 10.1002/9781119537151.ch18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<td>978-1-119-53715-1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>238–253</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>The Handbook of Peer Production</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>peer production</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>blockchains</li>
<li>economic liberalism</li>
<li>peer development</li>
<li>peer exchange</li>
<li>peer governance</li>
<li>peer-to-peer structures</li>
<li>Yochai Benkler</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_T65KC99R" class="item document">
<h2>Blockchain: disillusionment descends on financial services</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jemima Kelly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019-09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/93140eac-9cbb-11e9-9c06-a4640c9feebb">https://www.ft.com/content/93140eac-9cbb-11e9-9c06-a4640c9feebb</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_44SQQ8FL" class="item webpage">
<h2>Blockchainism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-12-11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/blockchainism.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/blockchainism.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:44:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_CXTB87UT">Blockchainism </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6UIS96Z6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchains and Bitcoin: Regulatory responses to cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andres Guadamuz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chris Marsden</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper examines Bitcoin from a legal and regulatory
perspective, answering several important questions. We begin by
explaining what Bitcoin is, and why it matters. We describe problems
with Bitcoin as a method of implementing a cryptocurrency. This
introduction to cryptocurrencies allows us eventually to ask the
inevitable question: Is it legal? What are the regulatory responses to
the currency? Can it be regulated? We make clear why virtual currencies
are of interest, how self-regulation has failed, and what useful lessons
can be learned. Finally, we produce useful and semi-permanent findings
into the usefulness of virtual currencies in general, blockchains as a
means of mining currency, and the profundity of Bitcoin as compared with
the development of block chain technologies. We conclude that though
Bitcoin may be the equivalent of Second Life a decade later, so
blockchains may be the equivalent of Web 2.0 social networks, a truly
transformative social technology.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>First Monday</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i12.6198">10.5210/fm.v20i12.6198</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>13960466</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PWCMTXYX" class="item videoRecording">
<h2>Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies: Burn It With Fire</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Video Recording</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="director">Director</th>
<td>Nicholas Weaver</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The entire cryptocurrency and blockchain ecology is rife with
frauds, criminalities, and tulip-mania style hype and needs to be
properly disposed of into the...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-04-20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>www.youtube.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCHab0dNnj4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCHab0dNnj4</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:22:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Studio</th>
<td>Berkeley School of Information</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:22:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 13:30:37</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_XYNA9JWD">
<div><p>Nicholas Weaver is a staff researcher with the International
Computer Science Institute (ICSI) and lecturer in EECS, where he teaches
machine structures and computer security. He earned his Ph.D. in
computer science from Berkeley in 2003 and joined ICSI to study network
security and measurement. "The entire cryptocurrency and blockchain
ecology is rife with frauds, criminalities, and tulip-mania style hype
and needs to be properly disposed of into the ashes of history. A
“blockchain” is just a horribly inefficient append-only file which costs
a literal fortune to secure without actually providing meaningful
distributed trust, while cryptocurrencies are provably inferior than
actual currencies for legal real world transactions. Beyond the sheer
uselessness have emerged a whole host of bad ideas, ranging from the
“put a bird^H^H^H^H blockchain on it” hype to unregistered (and mostly
fraudulent) securities with “Initial Coin Offerings” to an invitation
for massive theft in the form of “smart” contracts."</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_G3I2678U">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QYTAPYRY" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Blockchains, trust and action nets: extending the pathologies of financial globalization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marcel Goguen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchains combine digital encryption and time stamping
technologies to enable digital exchange to occur in manners celebrated
by proponents as ‘trust-free'. Yet, an increasing range of scholars
argue that actual applications of the peer-to-peer technology shifts,
rather than eliminates, trust. In this article, we draw on
organizational theory to argue that efforts to remove trust reorganize
the action nets that underpin payment systems in manners that extend
rather than eliminate longstanding pathologies afflicting financial
globalization. Our analysis supports and extends the critiques that
blockchain applications are far from ‘trust-free'. By tracing how
efforts to reconfigure the socio-technical composition of the humans and
objects that underpin payment systems, we illustrate how blockchain
applications shift the location and character of the technical
vulnerabilities that create market instabilities and concentration, as
well as elite-led governance.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Wiley Online Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>308–328</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Global Networks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12214">10.1111/glob.12214</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14710374</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
<li>CIVIL SOCIETY</li>
<li>GLOBALIZATION</li>
<li>NETWORKS</li>
<li>TRANSNATIONAL SOCIAL RELATIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DYLG27DP" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Broad-Based Stakeholder Ownership in Journalism: Co-ops, ESOPs, Blockchains</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathan Schneider</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article presents a survey of broad-based
stakeholder-ownership models for journalism. The models considered are
forms of ownership by employees, associations, audiences, and blends of
these. Some of the examples are so new that they have not been, and
cannot yet be, comprehensively studied. Yet they bear unique promise for
addressing the dual challenges of economic sustainability and perceived
accountability that bedevil news media today. Such promise, however,
does not guarantee success. While broad-based stakeholder ownership in
the news business shows capacity for public accountability, as well as
some promise for business sustainability, it is ill-equipped to compete
in markets organized to favor investor-owners with far greater capital
access. Such ownership models, therefore, will likely require additional
policy support to gain and maintain significant market share.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Media Industries Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3998/mij.15031809.0007.203">10.3998/mij.15031809.0007.203</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2373-9037</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_U3BRZ4S4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bubbles, rational expectations and financial markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Olivier J Blanchard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mark W Watson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1982</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>NBER working paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>w0945</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_3LABIRF4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Building trust and equity in marine conservation and fisheries supply chain management with blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter Howson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This commentary explores how blockchain technology is being
leveraged to improve marine conservation and fisheries supply chain
management globally. In doing so, the paper considers the technical and
political challenges of building trust and equity for various
stakeholders. A blockchain is a smart electronic database, distributed
to all users, immutably tracking every transaction that has ever taken
place on the network. The blockchain is very difficult to hack, with no
single point of authority to make mistakes and collapse the system.
Automated consensus protocols enable data transmitted on the network to
be verified and stored immutably, minimising the risk of data corruption
to near-zero. Blockchain is being increasingly hyped for a range of
services and industries, including transparent resourcing for marine
conservation, reducing pollution from plastics, reducing slavery at sea,
and sustainable fisheries management. Public distrust in some
conservation operations, as well as in the provenance of seafood, is
growing. Although some global marine conservation organisations and
seafood producers have found practical solutions in disruptive
technologies like blockchain, riding this wave will only prove
worthwhile if coastal communities and artisanal fishers are on board and
stand a chance of landing a fair share of the benefits.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Pergamon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>115</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>103873</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Marine Policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MARPOL.2020.103873">10.1016/J.MARPOL.2020.103873</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0308-597X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CKHYFLUQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Built to Fail: The Inherent Fragility of Algorithmic Stablecoins</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ryan Clements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>131</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3952045">10.2139/ssrn.3952045</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:46</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_2IP33EIN" class="item report">
<h2>Bukele's Bitcoin Blunder</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Steve Hanke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nicholas Hanlon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mihir Chakravarthi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>others</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Institution</th>
<td>The Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the …</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:01:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:01:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_VAU7NC6D" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Bullshit jobs: the rise of pointless work, and what we can do about it</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Graeber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Penguin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_VP73MSGI" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Bureaucracy, Blockocracy and Power</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Donncha Kavanagh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>P J Ennis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Algorithmic authority is a distinctive and novel mode of
domination. Akin to other modes described by Weber, it has associated
organisational forms. This paper identifies and analyses one such form,
blockocracy, which occurs in the context of blockchain-based
cryptocurrencies. Taking a processual approach, we describe how
blockocracy emerged historically out of an anti-bureaucracy ideology, a
control revolution, a recognition that computer code can regulate
conduct, and the increasing adoption of algorithms. Taking a shorter
time-horizon, we identify four layers of algorithmic authority, and,
focusing on the blockchain layer, we distinguish between off-chain and
on-chain governance, with the latter having two types of off-chain
rules. While the fashionable rhetoric is that the blockchain is
immutable, we see the blockchain as a dynamic quasi-object, defining and
mutating identities and possibilities. We conclude the paper by
comparing blockocracy with Weber's depiction of bureaucracy.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.egosnet.org/2019_edinburgh/colloquium">https://www.egosnet.org/2019_edinburgh/colloquium</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://www.egos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>⛔ No DOI found</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AHTXT9PX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Can Blockchain Strengthen the Energy Internet?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Charithri Yapa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chamitha de Alwis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Madhusanka Liyanage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Emergence of the Energy Internet (EI) demands restructuring of
traditional electricity grids to integrate heterogeneous energy
sources, distribution network management with grid intelligence and big
data management. This paradigm shift is considered to be a breakthrough
in the energy industry towards facilitating autonomous and decentralized
grid operations while maximizing the utilization of Distributed
Generation (DG). Blockchain has been identified as a disruptive
technology enabler for the realization of EI to facilitate reliable,
self-operated energy delivery. In this paper, we highlight six key
directions towards utilizing blockchain capabilities to realize the
envisaged EI. We elaborate the challenges in each direction and
highlight the role of blockchain in addressing them. Furthermore, we
summarize the future research directive in achieving fully autonomous
and decentralized electricity distribution networks, which will be known
as Energy Internet.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/2/7">https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8732/1/2/7</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>95–115</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Network</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3390/network1020007">10.3390/network1020007</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2673-8732</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IUGVQ2UU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Can Global Elites Pave the Way for a New Transnational Unit of Account? A Reflection on the Numerical Nature of Money</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marc Pilkington</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this paper, we investigate the issue of the Dollar-based
international monetary system. We start by listing the reasons why money
has essentially become a numerical form in the contemporary world
economy. After reviewing the salient characteristics of the flawed
international monetary and financial architecture of the world economy,
we assess whether a transnational unit of account could constitute a
viable political alternative to the current international payments
system. The latter scenario is envisaged both with regard to the field
of international relations, and with the help of a revisited definition
of the transnational capitalist class. Finally, we conclude.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>World Review of Political Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2339678">10.2139/ssrn.2339678</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HWH5PWBZ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>CeFi vs. DeFi – Comparing Centralized to Decentralized Finance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kaihua Qin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Liyi Zhou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yaroslav Afonin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ludovico Lazzaretti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Arthur Gervais</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>To non-experts, the traditional Centralized Finance (CeFi)
ecosystem may seem obscure, because users are typically not aware of the
underlying rules or agreements of financial assets and products.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi), however, is making its debut as an
ecosystem claiming to offer transparency and control, which are
partially attributable to the underlying integrity-protected blockchain,
as well as currently higher financial asset yields than CeFi. Yet, the
boundaries between CeFi and DeFi may not be always so clear cut. In this
work, we systematically analyze the differences between CeFi and DeFi,
covering legal, economic, security, privacy and market manipulation. We
provide a structured methodology to differentiate between a CeFi and a
DeFi service. Our findings show that certain DeFi assets (such as USDC
or USDT stablecoins) do not necessarily classify as DeFi assets, and may
endanger the economic security of intertwined DeFi protocols. We
conclude this work with the exploration of possible synergies between
CeFi and DeFi.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08157">http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08157</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>_eprint: 2106.08157</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.08157</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:59</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_P7PJF84L" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Central bank digital currencies: Preliminary legal observations</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hossein Nabilou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Banking Regulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:18:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:18:05</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_GJDEYZND" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Central banking, shadow banking, and infrastructural power</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benjamin Braun</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniela Gabor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/nf9ms">10.31235/osf.io/nf9ms</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
<li>financialization</li>
<li>central banking</li>
<li>ECB</li>
<li>European Central Bank</li>
<li>Federal Reserve</li>
<li>infrastructural power</li>
<li>market-based finance</li>
<li>monetary policy</li>
<li>repo</li>
<li>securitization</li>
<li>shadow banking</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Q6Y97H6U" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Centralized Governance in Decentralized Finance (DeFi): A Case Study of MakerDAO</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Xiaotong Sun</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Based on Ethereum blockchain, Decentralized Autonomous
Organization (DAO) provides a possible solution to decentralized
governance, and many Decentralized Finance (DeFi) applications adopt the
novel governance mechanism. However, by analyzing governance in Maker
protocol, we find that centralized governance still exists. Measurements
are established in three categories, namely voting participation,
centralized voting power, and efficiency of decision-making.
Furthermore, governance centralization has influence on both Maker
protocol and Ethereum blockchain, and the results imply that DeFi
investors are faced with a trade-off between efficiency and
decentralization.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3971791">10.2139/ssrn.3971791</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TDG2JVZT" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Challenges and Approaches to Scaling the Global Commons</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Felix Fritsch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jeff Emmett</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Emaline Friedman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rok Kranjc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sarah Manski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael Zargham</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michel Bauwens</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The re-emergence of commoning over the last decades is not
incidental, but rather indicative of a large-scale transition to a more
“generative” organization of society that is oriented toward the
planet's global carrying capacity. Digital commons governance frameworks
are of particular importance for a new global paradigm of cooperation,
one that can scale the organization of communities around common goals
and resources to unprecedented levels of size, complexity and
granularity. Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) such as blockchain
have lately given new impetus to the emergence of a new generation of
authentic “sharing economy,” protected from capture by thorough
distribution of power over infrastructure, that spans not only digital
but also physical production of common value. The exploration of the
frontiers of DLT-based commoning at the heart of this article considers
three exemplary cases for this new generation of commons-oriented
community frameworks: the Commons Stack, Holochain and the Commons
Engine, and the Economic Space Agency. While these projects differ in
their scope as well as in their relation to physical common-pool
resources (CPRs), they all share the task of redefining markets so as to
be more conducive to the production and sustainment of common value(s).
After introducing each of them with regards to their specificities and
commonalities, we analyze their capacity to foster commons-oriented
economies and “money for the commons” that limit speculation, emphasize
use-value over exchange-value, favor equity in human relations, and
promote responsibility for the preservation of natural habitats. Our
findings highlight the strengths of DLTs for a federated scaling of CPR
governance frameworks that accommodates rather than obliterates cultural
differences and creates webs of fractal belonging among nested
communities.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Frontiers in Blockchain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2021.578721">10.3389/fbloc.2021.578721</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>April</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>distributed ledger technology</li>
<li>decentralization</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>affordances</li>
<li>attempting to understand the</li>
<li>body of work that</li>
<li>commoning as a regenerative</li>
<li>continuation of human societies</li>
<li>distributed ledg</li>
<li>federated scaling</li>
<li>global commons</li>
<li>its</li>
<li>physical preconditions for the</li>
<li>sees human history in</li>
<li>social process</li>
<li>there is a substantial</li>
<li>thermodynamic context</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AIX7KTVR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Challenges of the market for initial coin offerings</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Pablo de Andrés</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Arroyo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ricardo Correia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alvaro Rezola</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article analyzes the main problems and the solutions
adopted in the market for Initial Coin Offerings (ICO), to anticipate
the future of this market and determine implications for issuers,
investors and regulators. ICOs represent an alternative and innovative
financing solution that has experienced spectacular growth and notoriety
in recent years. ICOs rely on Blockchain protocols and the ICO market
is, therefore, characterized as decentralized, disintermediated and
unregulated. Our results show that although the ICO market is
innovative, it already displays many of the problems of traditional
financial markets, and that these problems were at the genesis of the
last financial crisis. Our analysis of the problems and solutions
adopted shows a tension between what the Blockchain technology offers,
and the problems associated with the financing of innovation.
Considering the problems and solutions adopted, we no longer expect the
ICO market to be characterized as disintermediated, unregulated or even
decentralized in the near future. Furthermore, it is a real possibility
that ICOs may end up being a progressor model eventually replaced by
similar but more specialized financing models, some of which may already
exist. With respect to the particular solutions of the ICO market,
while some represent the realization of the potential of Blockchain,
others such as forks have important Governance implications with the
potential to create as many problems as the ones they address.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>79</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101966</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Review of Financial Analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101966">10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101966</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>10575219</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Initial coin offerings</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>Alternative financing solutions</li>
<li>Asymmetrical information</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NFMR865I" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Chaos and hackers stalk investors on cryptocurrency exchanges</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Steve Stecklow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexandra Harney</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anna Irrera</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jemima Kelly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Reuters, September</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_GUSX6VFS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Climate Crises and Crypto-Colonialism: Conjuring Value on the Blockchain Frontiers of the Global South</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter Howson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this commentary we explore how international development,
disaster relief and climate change mitigation credentials are being
called upon to justify ‘crypto-colonialism', whereby blockchain
technology is used to extract economic benefits from those suffering the
scars of colonial expansionism in the Global South. These benefits
include land, labour and resources needed to facilitate local
‘crypto-utopian' developments, or a ‘green economy' elsewhere. As with
past neoliberal development agendas imposing structural economic
reforms, the contemporary crypto-colonial exercises discussed here are
driven in pursuit of a common good – to protect the global commons and
improve people's lives. Within spaces where crypto-colonialism
manifests, the governance frameworks of the associated technology is
heavily entangled with social-spatial relations in multiple ways. We
argue that despite being distributed, techno-ecological fixes are never
placeless. How people engage with, resist or reconfigure a
crypto-economy is geographically contingent. This commentary argues for
more situated critical analysis of actually existing case-studies to
reveal the inequitable terrain of project benefit distributions, and to
expose the likely winners and losers within each. The success or failure
of use-cases is less dependent on technical viability, but rather
mediated through reactions to colonial contexts and historical
experiences of various economic and climate crises.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Frontiers in Blockchain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2020.00022">10.3389/fbloc.2020.00022</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>May</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
<li>climate crises</li>
<li>crypto-colonialism</li>
<li>global south</li>
<li>green grabbing</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BNKQADP3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cloud Crypto Land</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Edmund Schuster</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Abstract The supposed disruptive and transformational
potential of blockchain technology has received widespread attention in
the media, from legislators, and from academics across disciplines.
While much of this attention has revolved around cryptocurrencies such
as Bitcoin, many see the true promise of blockchain technology in its
potential use for transactions in traditional assets, as well as for
facilitating self-executing ‘smart contracts', which replace vague and
imprecise natural language with unambiguous computer code. This article
presents a simple legal argument against the feasibility of a meaningful
blockchain-based economic system. Blockchain-based systems are shown to
be unsuitable for transactions in traditional assets, unless design
choices are made which render the use of the technology pointless. The
same argument is shown to apply to smart contracts. Legal and practical
obstacles therefore mean that, outside its original realm of
cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology is highly unlikely to transform
economic interactions in the real world.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2230.12603">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2230.12603</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>84</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>974–1004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Modern Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12603">https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12603</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14682230</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KR4VNQHD" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Code is code and law is law - The law of digitalization and the digitalization of law</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jan Oster</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The article argues for a sharp analytical distinction between
the realms of technology and of law. The question to what extent the law
'can' be digitalized relates to technology, whereas the question to
what extent it 'may' be digitalized falls within the realm of the law.
Against this backdrop, it is argued that digital technology does not
challenge the law fundamentally. Instead, the crucial questions on the
relationship between law and digitalization lie in the details. The
article raises those questions and provides an analytical framework for
the law of digitalization and the digitalization of law.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101–117</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Law and Information Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaab004">10.1093/ijlit/eaab004</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14643693</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
<li>digitalization</li>
<li>information and data</li>
<li>jurisprudence</li>
<li>law and technology</li>
<li>legal tech</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_U6LUBBFN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Code-driven Law: Freezing the Future and Scaling the Past</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mireille Hildebrandt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>67</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Is Law Computable?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.5040/9781509937097.ch-003">10.5040/9781509937097.ch-003</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AIPXCLS2" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Coin-operated capitalism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shaanan Cohney</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Hoffman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jeremy Sklaroff</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Wishnick</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: JSTOR</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>119</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>591–676</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Columbia Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_UCFCH84Q" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Community currencies: Small change for a green economy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>G. Seyfang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The author critically evaluates the impact and potential of a
community currency-or local money system-known as the 'local exchange
trading scheme' (LETS), to contribute to sustainable local development
(SLD). Two distinct and contrasting models for sustainable development
are described: a mainstream approach, focused on local regeneration
[termed here the 'local economic development' (LED) approach]; and a
radical 'green' or 'new economics' strategy (referred to as 'sustainable
local development' or SLD). In the elaboration of these models the
functions of community currencies within each perspective are outlined,
and the basis for an evaluate framework is provided. Most previous
analysis of LETS has used a broadly LED perspective; this paper focuses
on an evaluation for SLD, as this has not previously been
comprehensively done. For SLD, community currencies should enable people
to: meet local needs through informal employment; revalue and redefine
'work'; promote localisation and self-reliance; shift consumption
patterns towards sharing, recycling, reuse, and reducing resource use;
and build green social networks. Findings from a case-study LETS
indicate that this community currency is successful in allowing
participants to make small changes in their lifestyles, consumption, and
employment patterns towards SLD, but there are limitations of size,
scope, funding and management to be overcome before this could be
achieved more effectively with LETS. However, following the LED-relevant
prescriptions for upscaling and mainstreaming would undermine the
qualities which align LETS with SLD perspective, and this highlights the
importance of choosing appropriate evaluative frameworks, particularly
when appraising sustainable-development initiatives.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>975–996</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Environment and Planning A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1068/a33216">10.1068/a33216</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0308518X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WG3N28TL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Community Energy Groups: Can They Shield Consumers from the Risks of Using Blockchain for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexandra Schneiders</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Shipworth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is emerging as a new
mechanism for settling the exchange of energy between renewable energy
generators and consumers. P2P provides a mechanism for local balancing
when it is facilitated through distributed ledgers (‘blockchains').
Energy communities across Europe have uncovered the potential of this
technology and are currently running pilots to test its applicability in
P2P energy trading. The aim of this paper is to assess, using legal
literature and legislation, whether the legal forms available to energy
communities in the United Kingdom (UK) can help resolve some of the
uncertainties around the individual use of blockchain for P2P energy
trading. This includes the legal recognition of ‘prosumers', the
protection of their personal data, as well as the validity of ‘smart
contracts' programmed to trade energy on the blockchain network. The
analysis has shown that legal entities, such as Limited Liability
Partnerships and Co-operative Societies, can play a crucial role in
providing the necessary framework to protect consumers engaging in these
transactions. This is particularly the case for co-operatives, given
that they can hold members liable for not respecting the rules set out
in their (compulsory) governing document. These findings are relevant to
other European countries, where the energy co-operative model is also
used.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3569">https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3569</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3390/en14123569">10.3390/en14123569</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1996-1073</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CXFNT2X3" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Confused About Dogecoin? Here’s How It (Doesn’t) Work.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Even the best-intentioned cryptocurrencies can become scams.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>Confused About Dogecoin?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/02/11/dogecoin-how-does-it-work-elon-musk-cryptocurrency/">https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/02/11/dogecoin-how-does-it-work-elon-musk-cryptocurrency/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:06:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Foreign Policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:06:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:06:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_UJRJ7JU6">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FN7D2FFW" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Conjuring a Cooler World? Blockchains, Imaginaries and the Legitimacy of Climate Governance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Meeting on the second anniversary of the Paris Agreement
signing in 2017, the United Nations Climate Change Secretariat founded
the Climate Chain Coalition (CCC). Backed by a number of
multi-stakeholder groups like the Blockchain for Climate Foundation, the
Ottawa-based CCC promotes the 'blockchainization' of the Paris
Agreement. What kind of 'cooler' world do blockchain-based climate
governance projects conjure? This paper scrutinizes the shared visions
materializing across climate finance experiments, locating them largely
within existing individualistic imaginaries rather than more
collectivistic alternatives. It finds the imaginaries of 'cool'
technological experimentation to fall short in materializing broader
input and more effective output required to overcome the legitimacy
crisis facing market-led climate governance.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14282/2198-0411-GCRP-28">http://dx.doi.org/10.14282/2198-0411-GCRP-28</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 2033795276</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Global Cooperation Research Papers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/doi:10.14282/2198-0411-GCRP-28">doi:10.14282/2198-0411-GCRP-28</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ABWMWNHV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Connecting the grids: A review of blockchain governance in distributed energy transitions</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>A. Diaz Valdivia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>M. Poblet Balcell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Critical effects of global climate change urgently call for
socio-technical transitions towards more efficient, flexible and cleaner
energy systems. However, adequate regulatory frameworks and policy
incentives are lagging behind. This paper focuses on the governance
dynamics shaping technology-enabled transitions towards distributed
energy systems. The purpose of this review is to assess the potential
role of blockchain technology in enhancing the governance of
sociotechnical energy transitions. For this, the paper reviews: (1) the
governance arrangements shaping distributed energy transitions, (2) the
emergence of blockchain-based solutions in the energy sector (focusing
on P2P energy trading platforms) and, (3) the role of the blockchain in
overcoming the governance limitations of distributed energy transitions.
The study addresses emerging but interrelated niches of academic study
from an integral conceptualization and synthesis of the literature.
Rather than extensively covering these fields of research, the purpose
is to connect these areas of academic knowledge and expand the
theoretical understanding stemming from this convergence. The findings
show the potential of blockchain-based governance to overcome
institutional barriers related to trust-building and enhanced
coordination for community-based energy transitions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629621004710">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629621004710</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>84</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102383</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research and Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102383">10.1016/j.erss.2021.102383</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>22146296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Governance</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Accountability</li>
<li>Community-based energy (CBE)</li>
<li>Distributed energy systems</li>
<li>Energy decentralization</li>
<li>Energy transitions</li>
<li>Microgrid</li>
<li>Peer-to-peer energy trading</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3FAZWW5P" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Constructive activism in the dark web: cryptomarkets and illicit drugs in the digital ‘demimonde'</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexia Maddox</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Monica J. Barratt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthew Allen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Simon Lenton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper explores activism enacted through Silk Road, a now
defunct cryptomarket where illicit drugs were sold in the dark web.
Drawing on a digital ethnography of Silk Road, we develop the notion of
constructive activism to extend the lexicon of concepts available to
discuss forms of online activism. Monitoring of the cryptomarket took
place between June 2011 and its closure in October 2013. Just before and
after the closure of the marketplace we conducted anonymous online
interviews with 17 people who reported buying drugs on Silk Road (1.0).
These interviews were conducted synchronously and interactively through
encrypted instant messaging. Participants discussed harnessing and
developing the technological tools needed to access Silk Road and engage
within the Silk Road community. For participants Silk Road was not just
a market for trading drugs: it facilitated a shared experience of
personal freedom within a libertarian philosophical framework, where
open discussions about stigmatized behaviours were encouraged and
supported. Tensions between public activism against drug prohibition and
the need to hide one's identity as a drug user from public scrutiny
were partially resolved through community actions that internalized
these politics, rather than engaging in forms of online activism that
are intended to have real-world political effects. Most aptly described
through van de Sande's (2015) concept of prefigurative politics, they
sought to transform their values into built environments that were
designed to socially engineer a more permissive digital reality, which
we refer to as constructive activism.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>111–126</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Information Communication and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1093531">10.1080/1369118X.2015.1093531</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14684462</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
<li>Dark web</li>
<li>digital ethnography</li>
<li>e-Commerce</li>
<li>illicit drugs</li>
<li>online community</li>
<li>online social activism</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_P7BK3GW2" class="item document">
<h2>Continental Marketing Corp. v. Securities and Exchange Commission</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1967</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: No. 9199
Pages: 466
Publication Title: F. 2d
Volume: 387</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Court of Appeals, 10th Circuit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_TE7DFJGU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Contract law 2.0: ‘Smart' contracts as the beginning of the end of classic contract law</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexander Savelyev</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The paper analyzes legal issues associated with the
application of existing contract law provisions to so-called Smart
contracts, defined in the paper as ‘agreements existing in the form of
software code implemented on the Blockchain platform, which ensures the
autonomy and self-executive nature of Smart contract terms based on a
predetermined set of factors'. The paper consists of several sections.
In the second section, the paper outlines the peculiarities of
Blockchain technology, as currently implemented in Bitcoin
cryptocurrency, which forms the core of Smart contracts. In the third
section, the main characteristic features of Smart contracts are
described. Finally, the paper outlines key tensions between classic
contract law and Smart contracts. The concluding section sets the core
question for analysis of the perspectives of implementation of this
technology by governments: ‘How to align the powers of the government
with Blockchain if there is no central authority but only distributed
technologies'. The author suggests two solutions, neither of which is
optimal: (1) providing the state authorities with the status of a
Superuser with extra powers; and (2) relying on traditional remedies and
enforcement practices, by pursuing specific individuals–parties to a
Smart contract–in offline mode.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>116–134</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Information and Communications Technology Law</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2017.1301036">10.1080/13600834.2017.1301036</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14698404</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>Smart contract</li>
<li>Contract</li>
<li>obligation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8LA8DWYK" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Contracting in the age of smart contracts</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Farshad Ghodoosi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Smart contracts lie at the heart of blockchain technology.
There are two principal problems, however, with existing smart
contracts: First, the enforceability of smart contracts remains
ambiguous. Second, smart contracts are limited in scope and capability
barring more complex contracts from being executed via blockchain
technology. Drawing from the existing literature on contracts and smart
contracting, this Article suggests new approaches to address these two
problems. First, it proposes a framework based on reliance-based
contracting to analyze smart contracts. Second, the Article analyzes the
seismic shifts in contractual disputes, and offers new insights into
its features including decentralized decision-making, network-based
dispute resolution, and extrajudicial enforcement of decisions. The
Article concludes that users' reliance should be the basis for analysis
of smart contracts and its associated dispute resolution mechanism.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol96/iss1/2/">https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol96/iss1/2/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>96</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>51–92</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Washington Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol96/iss1/2/">https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol96/iss1/2/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00430617</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IPJ27KMK" class="item document">
<h2>Coronavirus is forcing fans of Bitcoin to realize it's not a 'safe haven' after all</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mike Orcutt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/19/905207/coronavirus-is-forcing-fans-of-bitcoin-to-realize-its-not-a-safe-haven-after-all/">http://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/19/905207/coronavirus-is-forcing-fans-of-bitcoin-to-realize-its-not-a-safe-haven-after-all/.</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: MIT Technology Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>MIT Technology Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_DVXXYYZQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Countering money laundering and terrorist financing: A case for bitcoin regulation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Emily Fletcher</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Charles Larkin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shaen Corbet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin was created in 2008 to serve as an alternative payment
mechanism for both the under-banked and un-banked, or those in regions
where the formal financial system suffers from broad corruption and
efficient regulation. However, criminals and terrorists quickly
exploited Bitcoin's unique properties, namely its peer-to-peer nature
and pseudo-anonymity, to facilitate extensive terrorist financing and
money laundering schemes. Government reactions to safeguard national
security interests have been extremely varied, ranging from outright
bans to passive tolerance. This inconsistency stems from how to
effectively classify Bitcoin. On one side are those who argue Bitcoin is
a currency, and on the other are those who claim it is a type of asset.
In the US alone, these discrepancies have led to a bureaucratic turf
war between different regulatory bodies, namely the Financial Crimes
Enforcement Network, the Commodity Futures Trading Association, the
Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Internal Revenue Service.
This study seeks to move beyond the existing legal frameworks, arguing
that Bitcoin should be classified as a technology and regulation should
rest with private sector technology companies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101387">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101387</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier B.V.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101387</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Research in International Business and Finance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101387">10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101387</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>January</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>02755319</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
<li>Money laundering</li>
<li>Regulation</li>
<li>Terrorist financing</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_X2CBMUF2" class="item thesis">
<h2>Creation and resilience of decentralized brands: Bitcoin &amp; the blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Syeda Mariam Humayun</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This dissertation is based on a longitudinal ethnographic and
netnographic study of the Bitcoin and broader Blockchain community. The
data is drawn from 38 in-depth interviews and 200+ informal interviews,
plus archival news media sources, netnography, and participant
observation conducted in multiple cities: Toronto, Amsterdam, Berlin,
Miami, New York, Prague, San Francisco, Cancun, Boston/Cambridge, and
Tokyo. Participation at Bitcoin/Blockchain conferences included:
Consensus Conference New York, North American Bitcoin Conference,
Satoshi Roundtable Cancun, MIT Business of Blockchain, and Scaling
Bitcoin Tokyo. The research fieldwork was conducted between 2014-2018.
The dissertation is structured as three papers: - Satoshi is Dead. Long
Live Satoshi. The Curious Case of Bitcoin: This paper focuses on the
myth of anonymity and how by remaining anonymous, Satoshi Nakamoto, was
able to leave his creation open to widespread adoption. - Tracing the
United Nodes of Bitcoin: This paper examines the intersection of
religiosity, technology, and money in the Bitcoin community. - Our Brand
Is Crisis: Creation and Resilience of Decentralized Brands Bitcoin
&amp; the Blockchain: Drawing on ecological resilience framework as a
conceptual metaphor this paper maps how various stabilizing and
destabilizing forces in the Bitcoin ecosystem helped in the evolution of
a decentralized brand and promulgated more mainstreaming of the Bitcoin
brand.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10315/37662%0A">http://hdl.handle.net/10315/37662%0A</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/37662</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BVNW46A8" class="item webpage">
<h2>Credit Suisse defends controversial financial product at the center of the market turmoil</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Natasha Turak</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Credit Suisse is defending the VelocityShares Daily Inverse
VIX Short-Term exchange-traded note, as experts question the logic
behind such securities.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-02-07T15:42:49+0000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/07/credit-suisse-defends-controversial-xiv-etn-amid-market-turmoil.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/07/credit-suisse-defends-controversial-xiv-etn-amid-market-turmoil.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 14:23:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: Markets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>CNBC</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 14:23:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 14:23:49</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_GX43VNL3">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FFPKAJWI" class="item book">
<h2>Crypto anarchy, cyberstates, and pirate utopias</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter Ludlow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>MIT Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:07:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:07:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_K2BPN2ZS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Crypto and empire: the contradictions of counter-surveillance advocacy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Seda Gürses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Arun Kundnani</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Joris Van Hoboken</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Since Edward Snowden's revelations of US and UK surveillance
programs, privacy advocates, progressive security engineers, and policy
makers have been seeking to win majority support for countering
surveillance. The problem is framed as the replacement of targeted
surveillance with mass surveillance programs, and the solutions put
forward are predominantly technical and involve the use of encryption –
or ‘crypto' – as a defense mechanism. The counter-surveillance movement
is timely and deserves widespread support. However, as this article will
argue and illustrate, raising the specter of an Orwellian system of
mass surveillance, shifting the discussion to the technical domain, and
couching that shift in economic terms undermine a political reading that
would attend to the racial, gendered, classed, and colonial aspects of
the surveillance programs. Our question is as follows: how can this
specific discursive framing of counter-surveillance be re-politicized
and broadened to enable a wider societal debate informed by the
experiences of those subjected to targeted surveillance and associated
state violence?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>576–590</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Media, Culture and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0163443716643006">10.1177/0163443716643006</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14603675</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>privacy</li>
<li>infrastructure</li>
<li>surveillance</li>
<li>digital rights activism</li>
<li>empire</li>
<li>encryption</li>
<li>George Orwell</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DMNMHH6W" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Crypto Asset Trading in Canada: Entering a New Era of Regulation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shaela W Rae</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lorraine Mastersmith</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>[...]the factors under consideration by the regulators in
making these assessments include:55 * whether the platform is structured
so that there is intended to be and is delivery of crypto assets to
investors; * if there is delivery, when that occurs, and whether it is
to an investor's wallet over which the platform does not have control or
custody; * whether investors' crypto assets are pooled together with
those of other investors and with the assets of the platform; * whether
the platform or a related party holds or controls the investors' assets;
* if the platform holds or stores assets for its participants, how the
platform makes use of those assets; * whether the investor can trade, or
rollover positions held by the platform, and having regard to the legal
arrangements between the platform and its participants, the actual
functions of the platform and the manner in which transactions occur on
it; * who has control or custody of crypto assets; * who is the legal
owner of such crypto assets; and * what rights investors will have in
the event of the platform's insolvency. (b) The Proposed Regulatory
Framework (i) Overview The proposed framework is based on the existing
regulatory framework applicable to marketplaces in Canada. [...]it is
worth noting that in instances where a platform does not take custody of
digital-assets on behalf of its users, insurance may not even be
necessary.145 The idea was also proposed to devise an insurance scheme
similar to the CDIC, in which crypto asset platforms would be required
to participate, with reasonable premiums and strict parameters.146 If
not a long-term solution, this approach could nonetheless be useful in
the short term to provide insurance to these platforms while the market
for insurance adjusts to this industry. [...]the CDCC "is concerned that
the Proposed Platform Framework may stifle these innovations, which are
designed to protect personal information and reduce transaction costs,
by imposing a traditional model of financial regulation onto Platforms.
"158 Specific tools have yet to be developed, but the commentary
suggests that all the pieces are there to build them. Because there are
significant differences in the risks that exist between traditional and
decentralized clearing, it was suggested that decentralized exchanges
should be subject to KYC and AML compliance measures that appropriately
reflect their business models.159 The CDCC recommends using new models
for digital identity and digital transaction security that have the
potential to dramatically enhance the security for these types of
trades, rather than following the usual KYC and AML protocol.160
Coincidentally, and as we are about to discuss, traditional KYC and AML
protocol in Canada just went through an upgrade.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/2322612081?accountid=13031%0Ahttp://sfx.nelliportaali.fi/nelli28b?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&amp;genre=article&amp;sid=ProQ:ProQ%3Aabiglobal&amp;atitle=Crypto+Asset+Trading+in+Canada%3A+Entering+a+">https://search.proquest.com/docview/2322612081?accountid=13031%0Ahttp://sfx.nelliportaali.fi/nelli28b?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&amp;genre=article&amp;sid=ProQ:ProQ%3Aabiglobal&amp;atitle=Crypto+Asset+Trading+in+Canada%3A+Entering+a+</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HAB Press Limited</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>153–185</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Banking &amp; Finance Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>08328722</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
<li>Money laundering</li>
<li>Business And Economics–Banking And Finance</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>Currency</li>
<li>Digital currencies</li>
<li>Regulation of financial institutions</li>
<li>Securities industry</li>
<li>Securities regulations</li>
<li>Technological change</li>
<li>United States–US</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZNBN5BPA" class="item document">
<h2>Crypto Assets of $50 Billion Moved From China in the Past Year</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthew Leising</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-20/crypto-assets-of-50-billion-moved-from-china-in-the-past-year">http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-20/crypto-assets-of-50-billion-moved-from-china-in-the-past-year</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Bloomberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_VZ9ZVB6P" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Crypto assets regulation in the UK: an assessment of the regulatory effectiveness and consistency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sherena Sheng Huang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:14:03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:14:03</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_MQ5RQJGI" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>Crypto Has ‘No Inherent Worth’ But Is Good to Trade, Says Man Group Chief</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gary Silverman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Luke Ellis compares digital assets to the 17th-century Dutch tulip craze</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-07-26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/9275baf4-0422-43a1-b8c9-9317882ca874">https://www.ft.com/content/9275baf4-0422-43a1-b8c9-9317882ca874</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 13:26:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 13:26:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 13:31:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_DL5T8KBS">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BH2L7HL9" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>Crypto has ‘no inherent worth’ but is good to trade, says Man Group chief</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gary Silverman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Luke Ellis compares digital assets to the 17th-century Dutch tulip craze</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-07-26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/9275baf4-0422-43a1-b8c9-9317882ca874">https://www.ft.com/content/9275baf4-0422-43a1-b8c9-9317882ca874</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:18:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:18:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:18:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_PYJ5MKGD">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ICH4KDQ2" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Crypto Politics: Notes on Sociotechnical Imaginaries of Governance in Blockchain Based Technologies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jan Groos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Crypto Politics: Notes on Sociotechnical Imaginaries of
Governance in Blockchain Based Technologies was published in Data Loam
on page 148.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: 10.1515/9783110697841-009</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<td>978-1-119-13053-6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>148–170</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Data Loam</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:46</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>intensive livestock</li>
<li>manure</li>
<li>monogastric</li>
<li>nutrition</li>
<li>pollution</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_S5KS4UA6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Crypto securities: on the risks of investments in blockchain-based assets and the dilemmas of securities regulation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shlomit Azgad-Tromer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>68</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>69</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Am. UL Rev.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:15:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:15:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_RRHGTRVM" class="item webpage">
<h2>Crypto Tokens and the Coming Age of Protocol Innovation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Albert Wenger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016-07-28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://continuations.com/post/148098927445/crypto-tokens-and-the-age-of-protocol-innovation">https://continuations.com/post/148098927445/crypto-tokens-and-the-age-of-protocol-innovation</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:07:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Move about incentivizing investment in the protocols</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:07:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:15:06</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_5UP2QYBN">Continuations by Albert Wenger : Crypto Tokens and the Coming Age of Protocol... </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PJKEKSTT" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Crypto Wash Trading</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lin William Cong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Xi Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ke Tang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yang Yang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Available at SSRN 3530220</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_FCY6GGRB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Crypto-colonialists use the most vulnerable people in the world as guinea pigs</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Luke Ottenhof</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>VICE Media</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_ETVFDSBV" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Crypto-Discourse, Internet Freedom, and the State</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Isadora Hellegren</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-887%0A">https://oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-887%0A</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-887</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VB2X9MG3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Crypto-giving and surveillance philanthropy: Exploring the trade-offs in blockchain innovation for nonprofits</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter Howson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>A blockchain is a smart electronic database, distributed to
all users, immutably tracking every transaction that has ever taken
place between nodes on a network. The technology is being used by some
nonprofits to address various operational challenges, including
attaching automated conditions to charitable donations facilitated by
programmable “crypto-giving” platforms. Drawing from analysis of
technical documents provided by active crypto-giving projects, this
review considers how these platforms enable radical shifts in sectoral
power relations through “surveillance philanthropy”. This algorithmic
surveillance ensures project funding fully reflects the interests of
donors, while potentially restricting nonprofits in meeting the dynamic
and complex needs of project beneficiaries. The paper considers the
benefit trade-offs from crypto-giving platforms in three areas of
utilization: (a) new forms of donor engagement and fundraising, (b) new
tools for organizational governance, and (c) novel provision of
development assistance. Despite the possible efficiency and transparency
benefits of crypto-giving platforms, more research and practitioner
engagement is required to ensure the sector's funding is secure and
sustainable, without entailing significant risks for proposed
beneficiaries.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>805–820</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Nonprofit Management and Leadership</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21452">10.1002/nml.21452</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15427854</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>development</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>governance</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>fundraising</li>
<li>surveillance</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5ANDBZ4I" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Crypto-securities regulation: ICOs, token sales and cryptocurrencies under EU financial law</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Philipp Hacker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chris Thomale</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: De Gruyter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>645–696</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>European Company and Financial Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:14:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:14:49</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_RRLKSTRX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Crypto-shills</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jamie Powell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://ftalphaville.ft.com/2018/11/29/1543469404000/Crypto-shills/">https://ftalphaville.ft.com/2018/11/29/1543469404000/Crypto-shills/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_M3VBGJP9" class="item book">
<h2>Cryptoassets: legal, regulatory, and monetary perspectives</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chris Brummer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_L2AIQJ8Q" class="item book">
<h2>Cryptoassets: The innovative investor's guide to Bitcoin and beyond</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chris Burniske</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jack Tatar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>McGraw Hill Professional</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_3PEGEACL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocarbon: The promises and pitfalls of forest protection on a blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter Howson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sarah Oakes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Zachary Baynham-Herd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jon Swords</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this commentary, we explore how blockchain is being
leveraged to address the fundamental problems with market-based forest
protection globally. In doing so, we consider the ways ‘cryptocarbon'
initiatives are creating new challenges that have so far escaped
critical scrutiny. A blockchain is a distributed and immutable
electronic database – a ledger of every transaction that has ever taken
place on a network, stored as cryptographically secured blocks, strung
together in a chain. The technology is being increasingly hyped as
applicable for a whole range of industries, social service provisions,
and environmental management concerns. This includes the facilitation of
natural asset market mechanisms, like Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). The original aim of REDD+
was to incentivise conservation, making tropical forests more valuable
standing than cut down. Multiple factors, including lack of consumer
interest, created an oversupply of carbon commodities. Ninety-five
percent of the world's avoided deforestation credits, representing
millions of hectares of conserved forest, were stuck without a buyer.
Several flagging REDD+ projects are now hoping that blockchain
technology can carry them to new heights of market capitalisation.
However, like with any powerful new technology, the benefits remain
ambiguous.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.02.011">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.02.011</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Geoforum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.02.011">10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.02.011</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>February 2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00167185</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
<li>Carbon offsetting</li>
<li>Cryptocarbon</li>
<li>Forest conservation</li>
<li>REDD+</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_D7UZHK3B" class="item webpage">
<h2>Cryptocurrencies – An assessment</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shri T Rabi Sankar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>(Keynote address delivered by Shri T Rabi Sankar, Deputy
Governor, Reserve Bank of India - February 14th, 2022 - at the Indian
Banks Association 17th Annual Banking Technology Conference and Awards)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_SpeechesView.aspx?Id=1196">https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_SpeechesView.aspx?Id=1196</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:59:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Reserve Bank of India</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:59:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 10:01:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_CJAT7RCR">Reserve Bank of India - Speeches </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WZBP8DYY" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrencies and future crime</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Arianna Tozze</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Josh Kamps</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Eray Arda Akartuna</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Toby Davies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Florian Hetzel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shane D. Johnson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Cryptocurrency fraud has become a growing global concern, with
various governments reporting an increase in the frequency of and
losses from cryptocurrency scams. Despite increasing fraudulent activity
involving cryptocurrencies, research on the potential of
cryptocurrencies for fraud has not been examined in a systematic study.
This review examines the current state of knowledge about what kinds of
cryptocurrency fraud currently exist, or are expected to exist in the
future, and provides comprehensive definitions of the frauds identified.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Crime Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00163-8">10.1186/s40163-021-00163-8</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_T3LRGKGG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrencies and the Denationalization of Money</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Luca Fantacci</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The theoretical foundations of bitcoin have been frequently
traced back to the Austrian school of economics. To the extent that
cryptocurrencies are not issued by a centralized authority and do not
rely on an official legal tender status for their acceptance, they may
indeed appear as a dramatic departure from the historical trend that has
led, over the past few centuries, to the making of national money and
as a decisive step toward the “denationalization of money” advocated by
F. A. von Hayek. This article investigates to what extent bitcoin truly
embodies the principles of stable money prescribed by Hayek and whether
the proliferation of cryptocurrencies constitutes a Hayekian monetary
competition.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08911916.2019.1624319">https://doi.org/10.1080/08911916.2019.1624319</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>105–126</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Political Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/08911916.2019.1624319">10.1080/08911916.2019.1624319</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15580970</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>currency competition</li>
<li>F. A. Hayek</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7M5U78NX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrencies and the emergence of blockocracy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Donncha Kavanagh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul John Ennis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>AbstractBlockocracies are a coherent, distinctive and novel
organizational form bound by a collective ledger and a cryptocurrency.
We frame our analysis of blockocracies against Weber's enduring
description of bureaucracy, identifying those features of Weberian
bureaucracies that are present, absent or marginalized in blockocracies.
In contrast to bureaucracy's monocratic authority structure, authority
in blockocracies is centered on four distinct layers. In each layer,
there is governance of the code and governance by the code, and in the
latter we distinguish between endogenous and exogenous rules. We also
compare the “blockocrat” with Weber's depiction of the bureaucrat.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2020.1795958">https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2020.1795958</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>290–300</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Information Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2020.1795958">10.1080/01972243.2020.1795958</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5BZSADK4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrencies: Anarchist Turn or Strengthening of Surveillance Capitalism? From Bitcoin to Libra</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Catherine Malabou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://australianhumanitiesreview.org/2020/05/31/cryptocurrencies-anarchist-turn-or-strengthening-of-surveillance-capitalism-from-bitcoin-to-libra/">http://australianhumanitiesreview.org/2020/05/31/cryptocurrencies-anarchist-turn-or-strengthening-of-surveillance-capitalism-from-bitcoin-to-libra/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>66</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Australian Humanities Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/http://australianhumanitiesreview.org/2020/05/31/cryptocurrencies-anarchist-turn-or-strengthening-of-surveillance-capitalism-from-bitcoin-to-libra/">http://australianhumanitiesreview.org/2020/05/31/cryptocurrencies-anarchist-turn-or-strengthening-of-surveillance-capitalism-from-bitcoin-to-libra/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>May 2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_EWD8WBKJ" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Cryptocurrencies: looking beyond the hype</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2018e5.htm">https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2018e5.htm</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Bank for International Settlements Basel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_5EA75RTN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrency and the Myth of the Trustless Transaction</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rebecca M. Bratspies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>True cryptocurrency believers posit a world with virtually
limitless applications for the block chain. They tout the prospect of a
globally accepted currency that works with lightning speed, costs
virtually nothing, and guarantees 100% security and anonymity while
eliminating the need to trust third parties. So far, the reality of
cryptocurrency has not lived up to its hype. It turns out that
cryptocurrency transactions can be slow, and expensive, because the
blockchain, scales poorly. However, the really interesting divergence
between pitch and reality has to do with the purported consequences of
decentralization — the claim that bitcoin obviates the need for trust.
This article interrogates the claim that trust can be replaced with
blockchain technology. It tests the claims that Bitcoin eliminates the
need for trust against real world experiences of Bitcoin holders and
markets. It documents the many points at which cryptocurrencies shifts
the locus of embedded trust, rather than eliminating the need for such
trust. Finally, the article concludes that rather than replacing trust,
cryptocurrencies instead require users to repose their trust in less
transparent, less reliable and less accountable parties.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://repository.law.umich.edu/mttlr/vol25/iss1/2/">https://repository.law.umich.edu/mttlr/vol25/iss1/2/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Mich. Telecomm. &amp; Tech. L. Rev</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3141605">10.2139/ssrn.3141605</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1528-8625</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WIJKJZVW" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrency and the State: An Unholy Alliance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lee Reiners</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>695</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>S. Cal. Interdisc. LJ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:20:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:20:21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_4323QBDV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrency Exchange Regulation – An International Review</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Viktoria Ivaniuk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>67</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Magda Dziembowska, Robert Dziembowski, Apelacja w postępowaniu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_3S6TS9TS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrency might be a path to authoritarianism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ian Bogost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Atlantic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_C8GPPGIA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrency mining from an economic and environmental perspective. Analysis of the most and least sustainable countries</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Javier Jorge‐vázquez</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ricardo Francisco Reier Forradellas</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>There are different studies that point out that the price of
electricity is a fundamental factor that will influence the mining
decision, due to the cost it represents. There is also an ongoing debate
about the pollution generated by cryptocurrency mining, and whether or
not the use of renewable energies will solve the problem of its
sustainability. In our study, starting from the Environmental
Performance Index (EPI), we have considered several determinants of
cryptocurrency mining: energy price, how that energy is generated,
temperature, legal constraints, human capital, and R&amp;D&amp;I. From
this, via linear regression, we recalculated this EPI by including the
above factors that affect cryptocurrency mining in a sustainable way.
The study determines, once the EPI has been readjusted, that the most
sustainable countries to perform cryptocurrency mining are Denmark and
Germany. In fact, of the top ten countries eight of them are European
(Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Finland, Austria, and the United
Kingdom); and the remaining two are Asian (South Korea and Japan).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3390/en14144254">10.3390/en14144254</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>19961073</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency mining</li>
<li>Sustainability</li>
<li>Energetic sustainability</li>
<li>Sustainability of cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>Sustainable mining</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DFGEWA48" class="item webpage">
<h2>Cryptocurrency off-ramps, and the shift towards centralization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-us</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.mollywhite.net/off-ramps/">https://blog.mollywhite.net/off-ramps/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:45:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:45:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:45:58</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_QQ8QY2B7">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZLVMACL6" class="item webpage">
<h2>Cryptocurrency off-ramps, and the shift towards centralization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-us</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.mollywhite.net/off-ramps/">https://blog.mollywhite.net/off-ramps/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:57:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:57:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:57:08</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_P4Q2YJ4F">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CCPG7KM6" class="item attachment">
<h2>Cryptocurrency or Fiat Currency? Volatility or Debasement? Choose Your Risk.pdf</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Attachment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://horizonkinetics.com/app/uploads/Bitcoin-newsletter_October-2017.pdf">https://horizonkinetics.com/app/uploads/Bitcoin-newsletter_October-2017.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:34:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:34:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:37:09</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>read/catherine</li>
</ul>
<div><p>Author: Murray Stahl</p>
<p>Date: October 2017</p>
<p>From: Horizon Kinetics Library - <a href="https://horizonkinetics.com/insights/library/#1st-quarter-2020-commentary">https://horizonkinetics.com/insights/library/#1st-quarter-2020-commentary</a></p></div>
</li>
<li id="item_M64XXV5T" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptocurrency pump-and-dump schemes</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tao Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Donghwa Shin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Baolian Wang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Available at SSRN 3267041</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_CUG8M8RV" class="item webpage">
<h2>Cryptocurrency's Robinhood effect</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Cryptocurrency trading is experiencing a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-us</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.mollywhite.net/cryptocurrencys-robinhood-effect/">https://blog.mollywhite.net/cryptocurrencys-robinhood-effect/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:57:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:57:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:57:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_I73KC8HK">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QY3KQD3K" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptodamages: monetary value estimates of the air pollution and human health impacts of cryptocurrency mining</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrew L Goodkind</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benjamin A Jones</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robert P Berrens</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101281</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research &amp; Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_M979TZH6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptodamages: Monetary value estimates of the air pollution and human health impacts of cryptocurrency mining</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrew L. Goodkind</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benjamin A. Jones</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robert P. Berrens</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Cryptocurrency mining uses significant amounts of energy as
part of the proof-of-work time-stamping scheme to add new blocks to the
chain. Expanding upon previously calculated energy use patterns for
mining four prominent cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and
Monero), we estimate the per coin economic damages of air pollution
emissions and associated human mortality and climate impacts of mining
these cryptocurrencies in the US and China. Results indicate that in
2018, each $1 of Bitcoin value created was responsible for $0.49 in
health and climate damages in the US and $0.37 in China. The similar
value in China relative to the US occurs despite the extremely large
disparity between the value of a statistical life estimate for the US
relative to that of China. Further, with each cryptocurrency, the rising
electricity requirements to produce a single coin can lead to an almost
inevitable cliff of negative net social benefits, absent perpetual
price increases. For example, in December 2018, our results illustrate a
case (for Bitcoin) where the health and climate change “cryptodamages”
roughly match each $1 of coin value created. We close with discussion of
policy implications.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101281">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101281</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101281</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research and Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101281">10.1016/j.erss.2019.101281</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>March 2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>22146296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>Air pollution</li>
<li>Energy use</li>
<li>Human health</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3RVMA3LZ" class="item thesis">
<h2>Cryptoeconomic Geographies and Contestation in Puerto Rico</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jillian Crandall</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This thesis is about how the new techno-capitalist industries
oriented around blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies are further
marginalizing already marginalized groups in Puerto Rico. These
industries are forming new distributed cryptoeconomic geographies with
highly local impacts. While socio-technical relationships with crypto
and blockchain are forming all over the globe, the scenario in Puerto
Rico has the most the most at stake for residents who do not have a
stake in cryptocurrency. Specifically, a group of crypto-proponents
(primarily male-dominated US expats) is looking to establish a new
“crypto-utopia” in San Juan. These transactionary publics, as I define
them, are groups with certain discourses, ideologies, and rhetorics
centered around individual transactions, goals, and gains. They work
through vastly different power structures that allow them to act more
autonomously and anonymously via digital technology. However – there are
local, native Puerto Ricans, government organizations, and institutions
engaging as well on the basis of economic development. From a feminist
perspective, this thesis challenges the assertion that blockchain
technology has emancipatory potential, particularly for Puerto Rico. I
discuss the resistance and contestation against crypto-colonialism and
economic injustice in Puerto Rico, and highlight strategies both with
and without digital technology. Specifically, I question if the politics
of blockchain technology are compatible with those of platform
cooperativism. I conclude with a number of speculative future scenarios
for how alternate techno-economic strategies may play out in Puerto
Rico, and what their consequences may be.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://jilliancrandall.net/cryptoeconomic-geographies-and-contestation-in-pr/">http://jilliancrandall.net/cryptoeconomic-geographies-and-contestation-in-pr/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: http://jilliancrandall.net/cryptoeconomic-geographies-and-contestation-in-pr/
Issue: May
Publication Title: Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZE3INI6L" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptographic imaginaries and the networked public</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sarah Myers West</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper interrogates discourses associated with encryption
in contemporary policy debates. It traces through three distinct
cryptographic imaginaries – the occult, the state, and democratic values
– and how each conceptualises what encryption is, what it does, and
what it should do. Situating each imaginary in time through historical
research, I consider how they foreground distinct configurations of
power and authority. It concludes by describing the development of a new
cryptographic imaginary, one which sees encryption as a necessary
precondition for the formation of networked publics.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Berlin: Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Internet Policy Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.14763/2018.2.792">10.14763/2018.2.792</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21976775</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>Security</li>
<li>Privacy</li>
<li>History</li>
<li>Encryption</li>
<li>Information control</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RTKRGXD5" class="item webpage">
<h2>Cryptonomicon</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Will Stephenson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Among the Bitcoin maximalists</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://harpers.org/archive/2022/03/cryptonomicon-bitcoin-maximalists-miami/">https://harpers.org/archive/2022/03/cryptonomicon-bitcoin-maximalists-miami/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:05:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Harpers Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:05:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:07:19</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_HUM7MX7Z">Cryptonomicon, by Will Stephenson </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PDCNRYCW" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cryptopolitik and the darknet</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniel Moore</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Thomas Rid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>7–38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Survival</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2016.1142085">10.1080/00396338.2016.1142085</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14682699</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_58VJN5EG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Currency and the Collective Representations of Authority, Nationality, and Value</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Georgios Papadopoulos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Mainstream economics has consistently ignored the iconography
of currency, describing money ‘just' as a commodity. The paper is going
to investigate the economic and political significance of the
representations of authority and nationality in currency describing how
these representation support its acceptability. The aim of the analysis
is double: to decipher the visual identity of currency and its
contribution to the acceptance of money in day-to-day transactions, as
well as to discuss the operational principles of the monetary system as
they are uncovered in the iconography of money. By answering these
questions, the paper is going to trace the theoretical presuppositions
and the cultural stereotypes that inform the representation of economic
value and national identity as they are articulated in banknotes and
coins with a specific emphasis on the European Monetary Union and the
recent financial crisis that is still affecting its periphery.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>521–534</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Cultural Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2014.989884">10.1080/17530350.2014.989884</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17530369</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>identity</li>
<li>economics</li>
<li>money</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>signs</li>
<li>state</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VQH54576" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Currency in Transition: An Ethnographic Inquiry of Bitcoin Adherents</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Justin Fletcher</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The Internet and other telecommunications systems have
reshaped the means by which markets are accessed, generated, and
transformed. Recent innovations in computer science have led to the
development of a virtually bound, decentralized, encrypted currency
system known as bitcoin. Unlike conventional currency systems, the
Bitcoin protocol is cryptologically defined with a virtual structure
that allows it to simultaneously operate as currency, commodity, and
market shaping socio-political force. Its decentralized design permits
it to function as a free-market response to fiat currencies vulnerable
to inflation, regulation, and manipulation. Given the cultural
significance anthropologists and other social scientists have assigned
to various modes and mediums of exchange over the years, the
socio-economic impact of this novel currency system warrants particular
consideration. This research describes the Bitcoin community that has
emerged alongside the currency, including the entrepreneurs, developers,
and consumers who are dedicated to bitcoin's perpetuation and
acceptance as an internationally recognized medium of exchange.
Ethnographic interviews and participant observation were utilized to
collect information from users in the Central Florida area, detailing
their experiences and interactions with the Bitcoin protocol and its
associated community. This research provides new levels of
anthropological insight into currency development, market interaction,
and economically embodied social commentary. Moreover, its exploratory
nature helps create a viable framework around which qualitative inquiry
of virtual crypto-currencies may be designed in future studies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2748/">https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2748/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QFQ8IERI" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cutting the network? Facebook's Libra currency as a problem of organisation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniel Tischer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This essay explores the organisational character of Facebook's
Libra currency by undertaking a critical reading of documents published
by the Libra Association. Drawing on the conceptual work of Marilyn
Strathern and Michel Serres, it illustrates how ownership cuts the
network and encourages parasitism as a means of driving future profit.
Central to this is the claim that Libra is not an exercise in
democratising money, but rather, the opposite: Libra is run as a club,
for the benefit of club members. The conceptual theme of 'cutting' is
used to organise the argument. Rather than a cutting-edge technology,
Libra's true innovation is organisational and consists in overturning
the decentralised character of blockchain, such that distributed ledger
technology is re-centralised by big tech firms. Outsiders are thus
cut-off from Libra; only those inside the club have the right to
participate in Libra and its governance. This position also affords
members an exclusive capacity to take a cut of the profits generated
through Libra. As a private organisation, members have sole rights to
future profits generated from the Libra ecosystem and are in this way
incentivised to create new product opportunities over time.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>19–33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Finance and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v6i1.4406">10.2218/finsoc.v6i1.4406</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2059-5999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:46</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
<li>club</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>digital payments</li>
<li>facebook</li>
<li>libra</li>
<li>network</li>
<li>organisation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_C7QAR2DV" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>Cyber 9/11 Will Not Take Place: A User Perspective of Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies from Underground and Dark Net Forums</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Simon Butler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Background. There is a historical narrative of fear
surrounding cybercrime. This has extended to cryptocurrencies (CCs),
which are often viewed as a criminal tool. Aim. To carry out the first
user study of CCs for illicit activity, from the perspective of
underground and dark net forums. Method. We conducted a qualitative
study, using a content analysis method, of 16,405 underground and dark
net forum posts selected from CrimeBB, a dataset of 100 million posts
curated by the Cambridge Cybercrime Centre. Results. Firstly, finality
of payments emerged as a major motivator for the use of CCs. Second, we
propose an Operational Security Taxonomy for Illicit Internet Activity
to show that CCs are only one part of several considerations that
combine to form security in illicit internet transactions. Third, the
dark net is hard to use and requires significant study, specialist
equipment and advanced knowledge to achieve relative security.
Conclusion. We argue that finality is the main advantage of CCs for this
user group, not anonymity as widely thought. The taxonomy shows that
banning CCs is unlikely to be effective. Finally, we contend that the
dark net is a niche for criminal activity and fears over cybercrime
cause the threat to be exaggerated.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISSN: 16113349</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>12812 LNCS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<td>978-3-030-79317-3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>135–153</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture
Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79318-0_8">10.1007/978-3-030-79318-0_8</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
<li>Cybercrime</li>
<li>Security</li>
<li>Underground and dark net forums</li>
<li>User studies</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5DWY6EFA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cyberlibertarianism: The extremist foundations of ‘digital freedom.’</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Golumbia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Clemson University Department of English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_FDW2AS5F" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cyberlibertarians’ Digital Deletion of the Left: Technological Innovation Does Not Inherently Promote the Left’s Goals</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Golumbia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Retrieved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_H7D9ZUPN" class="item document">
<h2>Cyphernomicon</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tim May</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1994</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 12:31:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 12:31:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_N5WYC5I4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Cypherpunk ideology: objectives, profiles, and influences (1992–1998)</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Craig Jarvis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The cypherpunks were 1990s digital activists who challenged
White House policies aiming to prevent the emergence of unregulated
digital cryptography, an online privacy technology capable of
frustrating government surveillance. Whilst the cypherpunk's ideology,
which is predominantly the output of Timothy C. May, is well understood,
less is known about the composition of the cypherpunk's community. This
article builds on past studies by Rid and Beltramini by using the
cypherpunk's mail list archive to profile the most active and
influential cypherpunks. This study confirms the May-derived ideology is
broadly, though not entirely, representative of the cypherpunk
community. This article assesses the cypherpunks were a highly educated,
mostly libertarian community permeated by aspects of anarchism which
arose from a societal disaffiliation inherited from the counterculture.
This article further argues that the cypherpunks were also influenced by
the hacker ethic and dystopian science fiction.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Internet Histories</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/24701475.2021.1935547">10.1080/24701475.2021.1935547</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>24701483</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>Cypherpunks</li>
<li>crypto wars</li>
<li>cryptography</li>
<li>cyberspace</li>
<li>digital privacy</li>
<li>digital surveillance</li>
<li>policy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7T4DYLJX" class="item book">
<h2>Cypherpunks: Freedom and the Future of the Internet</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Julian Assange</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jacob Appelbaum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andy Muller-Maguhn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jrmie Zimmermann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>OR books</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_5HUDIKWE" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Data money: The socio-technical infrastructure of cryptocurrency blockchains</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Koray Caliskan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Drawing on an empirical study of cryptocurrency white papers,
this paper proposes an actor-based taxonomy of cryptocurrency
blockchains. First, it describes the evolution of blockchain
architecture with reference to the economic services that blockchains
supply. Second, it discusses the socio-technical platform of blockchains
as proposed in cryptocurrency white papers. Third, it analyses the
socio-economic consequences of these technically diverse blockchain
platforms, by proposing a taxonomy of their digital architectures in
reference to two groups of actors that maintain blockchain
infrastructure: transactioners and accountants. Defining cryptocurrency
as data money, and locating cryptocurrency ownership as the possession
of an exclusive right to move data privately in a public or private
space, the paper describes a blockchain as a digital actor-network
platform that makes it possible to define and distribute these data
transfer rights.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2020.1774258">https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2020.1774258</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>540–561</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Economy and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2020.1774258">10.1080/03085147.2020.1774258</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14695766</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>infrastructure</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>data money</li>
<li>platform</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RYQM4C7F" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decarbonizing Bitcoin: Law and policy choices for reducing the
energy consumption of Blockchain technologies and digital currencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jon Truby</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The vast transactional, trust and security advantages of
Bitcoin are dwarfed by the intentionally resource-intensive design in
its transaction verification process which now threatens the climate we
depend upon for survival. Indeed Bitcoin mining and transactions are an
application of Blockchain technology employing an inefficient use of
scarce energy resources for a financial activity at a point in human
development where world governments are scrambling to reduce energy
consumption through their Paris Agreement climate change commitments and
beyond to mitigate future climate change implications. Without
encouraging more sustainable development of the potential applications
of Blockchain technologies which can have significant social and
economic benefits, their resource-intensive design combined now pose a
serious threat to the global commitment to mitigate greenhouse gas
emissions. The article examines government intervention choices to
desocialise negative environmental externalities caused by high-energy
consuming Blockchain technology designs. The research question explores
how to promote the environmentally sustainable development of
applications of Blockchain without damaging this valuable sector. It
studies existing regulatory and fiscal policy approaches towards digital
currencies in order to provide a basis for further legal and policy
tools targeted at mitigating energy consumption of Blockchain
technologies. The article concludes by identifying appropriate fiscal
policy options for this purpose, as well as further considerations on
the potential for Blockchain technology in climate change mitigation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td>10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.009</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>399–410</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research and Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.009">10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.009</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>June</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>22146296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Technological innovation</li>
<li>Digital currencies</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>Energy consumption</li>
<li>Behavioural change</li>
<li>Carbon</li>
<li>Decarbonizing</li>
<li>Environmental taxation</li>
<li>Financial innovation</li>
<li>Fiscal tools</li>
<li>Government intervention</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DMEUDWHQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralisation, Distrust &amp; Fear of the Body – The Worrying Rise of Crypto-Law</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alan Cunningham</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The increasing collective use of distributed application
software platforms, programming languages and crypto-currencies around
the blockchain concept for general transactions may have radical
implications for the way in which society conceptualises and applies
trust and trust-based social systems such as law. By exploring one
iteration of such generalised blockchain systems - Ethereum - and the
historical lineage of such systems, it will be argued that indeed their
ideological basis is largely one of distrust, decentralisation and,
ultimately, via increasing disassociation of identity, a fear of the
body itself. This ideological basis can be reframed as a crypto-legal
approach to the problems of human interaction, one whereby the purely
technological solutions outlined above are considered adequate for
reconciling many of the problems of our collective existence. The
article concludes, however, by re-iterating a perspective of law more so
as an entirely embodied and trust dependent notion. These aspects go
some way to explaining the necessarily centralised role it takes on
within societies. They also explain why the crypto-legal approaches
advanced by systems like Ethereum - or even the co-opting of blockchain
technology by law firms themselves - will only ever be at best
efficiency exercises concerned with the processing of data relating to
legal affairs, and not the more radical, ambiguous and difficult process
of actual legal thought or, indeed, engagement with trust.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>235–257</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SCRIPTed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2966/scrip.130316.235">10.2966/scrip.130316.235</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1744-2567</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RJRQXCFE" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralisation: A multidisciplinary perspective</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Balázs Bodó</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jaya Klara Brekke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jaap Henk Hoepman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Decentralisation as a concept is attracting a lot of interest,
not least with the rise of decentralised and distributed techno-social
systems like Bitcoin, and distributed ledgers more generally. In this
paper, we first define decentralisation as it is implemented for
technical architectures and then discuss the technical, social,
political and economic ideas that drive the development of
decentralised, and in particular, distributed systems. We argue that
technical efforts towards decentralisation tend to go hand-in-hand with
ambitions for rearranging power dynamics. We caution, however, against
simplistic understandings of power in relation to the
decentralisation-centralisation spectrum, and argue that in practice,
decentralisation might very well be served by and produce centralising
effects. The paper then goes on to discuss the critical literature that
highlights some of the common assumptions and critiques made about
decentralisation and the pros and cons of a decentralised approach.
Finally, we propose some of the missing parts to current debates about
decentralisation, and argue for a more nuanced and grounded approach to
the centralisation/decentralisation dichotomy.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>0–21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Internet Policy Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.14763/2021.2.1563">10.14763/2021.2.1563</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21976775</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
<li>Decentralisation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MQWABCWU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralised Autonomous Organisations and the Corporate Form</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathan Tse</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>It has been suggested that the development of decentralised
autonomous organisations (DAOs) will lead to a paradigm shift in the way
we perceive businesses. DAOs ostensibly eliminate agency costs due to
the absence of a board of directors, automated governance mechanisms and
transparency provided by the blockchain upon which the DAO is launched.
This article undertakes a comparative analysis between DAOs and
corporations and questions whether DAOs really do improve the corporate
form. Using a corporate governance and legal realist lens, this article
suggests that a number of the purported benefits of DAOs are overly
simplified. Moreover, there are several practical and legal obstacles
that technological advancements and improved engineering must overcome
before DAOs become a viable, mainstream organisational structure.
Balancing the inevitable improvement in technology against these
significant obstacles, this article predicts an incremental integration
of DAOs into society through a hybrid approach, involving interim legal
solutions and varying degrees of automation and decentralisation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>313</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Victoria University of Wellington Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v51i2.6573">10.26686/vuwlr.v51i2.6573</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1171-042X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DRGJG2D3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralised Finance's Unregulated Governance: Minority Rule in the Digital Wild West</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tom Barbereau</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Reilly Smethurst</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Orestis Papageorgiou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Johannes Sedlmeir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gilbert Fridgen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Available at SSRN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4001891">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4001891</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_H59V7NXH" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Decentralization: an incomplete ambition</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathan Schneider</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Decentralization is a term widely used in a variety of
contexts, particularly in political science and discourses surrounding
the Internet. It is popular today among advocates of blockchain
technology. While frequently employed as if it were a technical term,
decentralization more reliably appears to operate as a rhetorical
strategy that directs attention toward some aspects of a proposed social
order and away from others. It is called for far more than it is
theorized or consistently defined. This non-specificity has served to
draw diverse participants into common political and technological
projects. Yet even the most apparently decentralized systems have shown
the capacity to produce economically and structurally centralized
outcomes. The rhetoric of decentralization thus obscures other aspects
of the re-ordering it claims to describe. It steers attention from where
concentrations of power are operating, deferring worthwhile debate
about how such power should operate. For decentralization to be a
reliable concept in formulating future social arrangements and related
technologies, it should come with high standards of specificity. It also
cannot substitute for anticipating centralization with appropriate
mechanisms of accountability.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISSN: 17530369
Issue: 4
Publication Title: Journal of Cultural Economy
Volume: 12
DOI: 10.1080/17530350.2019.1589553</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>265–285</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>development</li>
<li>internet</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>decentralization</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9G8CDUF3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralized autonomous organization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Samer Hassan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Primavera De Filippi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>A DAO is a blockchain-based system that enables people to
coordinate and govern themselves mediated by a set of self-executing
rules deployed on a public blockchain, and whose governance is
decentralised (i.e., independent from central control).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Berlin: Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Internet Policy Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.14763/2021.2.1556">10.14763/2021.2.1556</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21976775</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
<li>Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9XFK88HG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralized Blockchain Technology and the Rise of Lex Cryptographia</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Aaron Wright</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Primavera De Filippi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Just as decentralization communication systems lead to the
creation of the Internet, today a new technology — the blockchain — has
the potential to decentralize the way we store data and manage
information, potentially leading to a reduced role for one of the most
important regulatory actors in our society: the middleman. Blockchain
technology enables the creation of decentralized currencies,
self-executing digital contracts (smart contracts) and intelligent
assets that can be controlled over the Internet (smart property). The
blockchain also enables the development of new governance systems with
more democratic or participatory decision-making, and decentralized
(autonomous) organizations that can operate over a network of computers
without any human intervention. These applications have led many to
compare the blockchain to the Internet, with accompanying predictions
that this technology will shift the balance of power away from
centralized authorities in the field of communications, business, and
even politics or law. In this Article, we explore the benefits and
drawbacks of this emerging decentralized technology and argue that its
widespread deployment will lead to expansion of a new subset of law,
which we term Lex Cryptographia: rules administered through
self-executing smart contracts and decentralized (autonomous)
organizations. As blockchain technology becomes widely adopted,
centralized authorities, such as governmental agencies and large
multinational corporations, could lose the ability to control and shape
the activities of disparate people through existing means. As a result,
there will be an increasing need to focus on how to regulate blockchain
technology and how to shape the creation and deployment of these
emerging decentralized organizations in ways that have yet to be
explored under current legal theory.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2580664">10.2139/ssrn.2580664</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_UGXVUN9Y" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralized finance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk A. Zetzsche</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Douglas W. Arner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ross P. Buckley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>DeFi (‘decentralized finance') has joined FinTech (‘financial
technology'), RegTech (‘regulatory technology'), cryptocurrencies, and
digital assets as one of the most discussed emerging technological
evolutions in global finance. Yet little is really understood about its
meaning, legal implications, and policy consequences. In this article we
introduce DeFi, put DeFi in the context of the traditional financial
economy, connect DeFi to open banking, and end with some policy
considerations. We suggest that decentralization has the potential to
undermine traditional forms of accountability and erode the
effectiveness of traditional financial regulation and enforcement. At
the same time, we find that where parts of the financial services value
chain are decentralized, there will be a reconcentration in a different
(but possibly less regulated, less visible, and less transparent) part
of the value chain. DeFi regulation could, and should, focus on this
reconcentrated portion of the value chain to ensure effective oversight
and risk control. Rather than eliminating the need for regulation, in
fact DeFi requires regulation in order to achieve its core objective of
decentralization. Furthermore, DeFi potentially offers an opportunity
for the development of an entirely new way to design regulation: the
idea of ‘embedded regulation'. Regulatory approaches could be built into
the design of DeFi, thus potentially decentralizing both finance and
its regulation, in the ultimate expression of RegTech.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>172–203</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Financial Regulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/jfr/fjaa010">10.1093/jfr/fjaa010</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>20534841</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>Decentralized finance</li>
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>FinTech</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Distributed ledger technology</li>
<li>Financial regulation</li>
<li>RegTech</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_37KF6G96" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralized finance: on blockchain-and smart contract-based financial markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fabian Schär</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The term decentralized finance (DeFi) refers to an alternative
financial infrastructure built on top of the Ethereum blockchain. DeFi
uses smart contracts to create protocols that replicate existing
financial services in a more open, interoperable, and transparent way.
This article highlights opportunities and potential risks of the DeFi
ecosystem. I propose a multi-layered framework to analyze the implicit
architecture and the various DeFi building blocks, including token
standards, decentralized exchanges, decentralized debt markets,
blockchain derivatives, and on-chain asset management protocols. I
con-clude that DeFi still is a niche market with certain risks but that
it also has interesting properties in terms of efficiency, transparency,
accessibility, and composability. As such, DeFi may potentially
contribute to a more robust and transparent financial infrastructure.
(JEL G15, G23, E59).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>103</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>153–174</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.20955/r.103.153-74">10.20955/r.103.153-74</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00149187</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9NAKWUUJ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralized finance: Regulating cryptocurrency exchanges</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kristin N Johnson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>62</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1911</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Wm. &amp; Mary L. Rev.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_N3P7VSBV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralized Finance: Regulating Cryptocurrency Exchanges</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kristin N. Johnson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Global financial markets are in the midst of a transformative
movement. The creation of Bitcoin and Facebook's proposed distribution
of Diem mark a watershed moment in the evolution of the financial
markets ecosystem. Purportedly, peer-to-peer distributed digital ledger
technology eliminates legacy financial market intermediaries such as
investment banks, depository banks, exchanges, clearinghouses, and
broker-dealers. Yet careful examination reveals that cryptocurrency
issuers and the firms that offer secondary market cryptocurrency trading
services have not quite lived up to their promise. Notwithstanding
crypto-enthusiasts' calls for disintermediation, evidence reveals that
platforms that facilitate cryptocurrency trading frequently employ the
long-adopted intermediation practices of their traditional counterparts.
In fact, when emerging technologies fail, cryptocoin and token trading
platforms partner with and rely on traditional financial services firms.
As a result, these platforms face many of the</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3831439">10.2139/ssrn.3831439</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0043-5589</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PE29EHL4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralized Mining in Centralized Pools</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lin William Cong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Zhiguo He</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jiasun Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The rise of centralized mining pools for risk sharing does not
necessarily undermine the decentralization required for blockchains:
because of miners' cross-pool diversification and pool managers'
endogenous fee setting, larger pools better internalize their
externality on global hash rates, charge higher fees, attract
disproportionately fewer miners, and grow more slowly. Instead, mining
pools as a financial innovation escalate miners' arms race and
significantly increase the energy consumption of proof-of-work-based
blockchains. Empirical evidence from Bitcoin mining supports our model's
predictions. The economic insights inform other consensus protocols and
the industrial organization of mainstream sectors with similar
characteristics but ambiguous prior findings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1191–1235</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Review of Financial Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa040">10.1093/rfs/hhaa040</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14657368</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XUDD48DL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralized Network Governance: Blockchain Technology and the Future of Regulation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrej Zwitter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jilles Hazenberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Advancements in the digital domain, for example, in blockchain
technology, big data, and machine learning, are increasingly shaping
the lives of individuals, groups, organizations, and societies. These
developments call for effective governance to protect the basic
interests and needs of these actors. Simultaneously, the very nature of
governance is also changing. Policy-making is increasingly moving away
from top-down governance by the state toward more horizontal modes of
governance. This paper reviews the literature on governance theory in
order to conceptualize governance as a mode of decentralized, networked
regulation. We argue that the current dominant modes of governance are
inadequate in understanding governance in the digital domain and are
poorly equipped to conceptualize novel forms of governance such as
decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Therefore, this study
proposes a new mode of governance based on the regulation of new power
relationships between the state and actors in the digital domain. This
model further explores the role that blockchain technology can play in
what we term decentralized network governance.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbloc.2020.00012">https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbloc.2020.00012</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Frontiers in Blockchain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Journal Abbr</th>
<td>Frontiers in Blockchain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2624-7852</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 18:49:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 18:49:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_G73M2XCG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Decentralized vs. Distributed Organization: Blockchain, Machine Learning and the Future of the Digital Platform</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>JP Vergne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The terms decentralized organization and distributed
organization are often used interchangeably, despite describing two
distinct phenomena. I propose distinguishing decentralization, as the
dispersion of organizational communications, from distribution, as the
dispersion of organizational decision-making. Organizations can be
distributed without being decentralized (and vice versa), and having
multiple management layers directly affects only distribution – not
decentralization. This proposed distinction has implications for
understanding the growth of digital platforms (e.g. amazon.com ), which
dominate the global economy in the 21 st century. While prominent
platforms typically use machine learning as their core technology to
transform inputs (e.g. data) into outputs (e.g. matchmaking services),
blockchain has emerged as an alternative technological blueprint. I
argue that blockchain enables platforms that are both decentralized and
distributed (e.g. Bitcoin), whereas machine learning fosters centralized
communications and the concentration of decision-making (e.g. Facebook
Inc.). This distinction has crucial implications for antitrust policy,
which, I contend, should shift both its analysis and its target of
action away from the corporate level and focus instead on the data
level. Based on this essay's framework, I make several predictions
regarding the future of competition between centralized and
decentralized platforms, the evolution of government regulation, and
broader implications for managers in the digital economy and for the
business schools charged with their education. I conclude with
reflections on the opportunity to revive cybernetic thinking for
preventing a dystopian future dominated by a handful of platform
behemoths.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>263178772097705</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Organization Theory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/2631787720977052">10.1177/2631787720977052</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2631-7877</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_2R6YVPB5" class="item webpage">
<h2>Decentralized Woo Hoo</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-11-16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/decentralized-woo.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/decentralized-woo.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:56:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:56:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:43:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_B2TPL3AD">Decentralized Woo Hoo </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Q3F7FEPN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Deconstructing ‘Decentralization': Exploring the Core Claim of Crypto Systems</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Angela Walch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Decentralization is what allows Bitcoin to substitute an army
of computers for an army of accountants, investigators, and
lawyers.-Nick Szabo, Twitter. 1 [B]ased on my understanding of the
present state of Ether, the Ethereum network and its decentralized
structure, current offers and sales of Ether are not securities
transactions\ldots.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>C. Brummer (ed.), Crypto Assets: Legal and Monetary Perspectives</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3326244">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3326244</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_33VF6Z5W" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Deconstructing the decentralization trilemma</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Harry Halpin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The vast majority of applications at this moment rely on
centralized servers to relay messages between clients, where these
servers are considered trusted third-parties. With the rise of
blockchain technologies over the last few years, there has been a move
away from both centralized servers and traditional federated models to
more decentralized peer-to-peer alternatives. However, there appears to
be a trilemma between security, scalability, and decentralization in
blockchain-based systems. Deconstructing this trilemma using well-known
threat models, we define a typology of centralized, federated, and
decentralized architectures. Each of the different architectures has
this trilemma play out differently. Facing a possible decentralized
future, we outline seven hard problems facing decentralization and
theorize that the differences between centralized, federated, and
decentralized architectures depend on differing social interpretations
of trust.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 9789897584459
_eprint: 2008.08014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>505–512</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>ICETE 2020 - Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on e-Business and Telecommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.5220/0009892405050512">10.5220/0009892405050512</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>Decentralization</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Security</li>
<li>Privacy</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
<li>Federation</li>
<li>Scalability</li>
<li>Software architecture</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9XC2D8PQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>DeFi Protocol Risks: The Paradox of DeFi</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nic Carter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Linda Jeng</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper explores the Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
ecosystem. We examine how DeFi is emerging on top of the public Ethereum
smart contract platform, compare it to the centralized architecture of
traditional financial markets and highlight opportunities and potential
risks of this ecosystem. We propose a multi-layered framework to analyze
the implicit architecture and the various DeFi building blocks,
including token standards, decentralized exchanges, decentralized debt
markets, blockchain derivatives and on-chain asset management protocols.
We conclude that DeFi still is a niche market with certain risks, but
also has interesting properties in terms of efficiency, transparency,
accessibility and interoperability. As such, it may potentially
contribute to a more robust and transparent financial infrastructure.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3866699">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3866699</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3866699">10.2139/ssrn.3866699</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>Linda Jeng</li>
<li>Nic Carter</li>
<li>processed</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RTZZ3A4Z" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>DeFi risks and the decentralisation illusion</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sirio Aramonte</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wenqian Huang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andreas Schrimpf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>Zotero</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:34:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:35:09</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>regulation</li>
<li>decentralization</li>
<li>finance</li>
<li>defi</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_F5N32W5N">Aramonte et al. - 2021 - DeFi risks and the decentralisation illusion.pdf </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DGE3RFFB" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>DeFi, Not So Decentralized: The Measured Distribution of Voting Rights</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tom Barbereau</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Reilly Smethurst</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Orestis Papageorgiou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexander Rieger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gilbert Fridgen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/80074">https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/80074</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_EWUDDPI5" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>DeFi: Shadow Banking 2.0?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hilary J Allen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>William &amp; Mary Law Review, Forthcoming</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_GRYYL2E6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Deleuze in the wild: making philosophy matter for fintech</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sandra Faustino</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper discusses the role of Deleuzian philosophy in
fintech projects which operate ‘in the wild', i.e. far from the major
institutional settings of fintech development, and which speculate
towards an alternative financial economy, building upon algorithms,
blockchains, cryptocurrencies, and crypto-assets. Based on ethnographic
data collected with three different projects, I discuss the process of
earmarking financial operations by means of philosophical concepts or
theories, which enable the re-interpretation of the process of
financialisation of everyday life. I further analyse the conceptual
socialization of these technological endeavours with the wider-reaching
theme of accelerating the capitalist process with the objective to
overturn its excessive powers. The paper concludes by suggesting that
fintech experiments which are socialized with accelerationist narratives
re-interpret the process of financialisation as a path of liberation
instead of exploitation, offering an escape from the capitalist crisis
through machinic alchemy.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>93–102</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Cultural Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1977676">10.1080/17530350.2021.1977676</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17530369</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>ethnography</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>accelerationism</li>
<li>cryptoeconomy</li>
<li>financialisation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_W7UCP7MF" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Determinants of electronic waste generation in Bitcoin network: Evidence from the machine learning approach</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rabin K. Jana</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Indranil Ghosh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Debojyoti Das</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anupam Dutta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Electronic waste is generating in the Bitcoin network at an
alarming rate. This study identifies the determinants of electronic
waste generation in the Bitcoin network using machine learning
algorithms. We model the evolutionary patterns of electronic waste and
carry out a predictive analytics exercise to achieve this objective. The
Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) and Generalized Mean Information
Coefficient (GMIC) help to study the association structure. A series of
six state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms - Gradient Boosting
(GB), Regularized Random Forest (RRF), Bagging-Multiple Adaptive
Regression Splines (BM), Hybrid Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (HYFIS),
Self-Organizing Map (SOM), and Quantile Regression Neural Network (QRNN)
are used separately for predictive modeling. We compare the predictive
performance of all the algorithms. Statistically, the GB is a superior
model followed by RRF. The performance of SOM is the least accurate. Our
findings reveal that the blockchain's size, energy consumption, and the
historical number of Bitcoin are the most determinants of electronic
waste generation in the Bitcoin network. The overall findings bring out
exciting insights into practical relevance for effectively curbing
electronic waste accumulation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>173</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Technological Forecasting and Social Change</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121101">10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121101</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00401625</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>Electronic waste</li>
<li>Machine learning</li>
<li>Non-parametric statistics</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_324BUZD7" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Devil take the hindmost: A history of financial speculation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Edward Chancellor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Macmillan London</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:44:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:44:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_H7VBVF8U" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Digging in Crypto-Communities' Future-Making: From Dark to Doge</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexia Maddox</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Luke J Heemsbergen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>duction This article situates the dark as a liminal and
creative space of experimentation where tensions are generative and
people tinker with emerging technologies to create alternative futures.
Darkness need not mean chaos and fear of violence – it can mean privacy
and protection. We define dark as an experimental space based upon
uncertainties rather than computational knowns (Bridle) and then
demonstrate via a case study of cryptocurrencies the contribution of
dark and liminal social spaces to future(s)-making. Cryptocurrencies are
digital cash systems that use decentralised (peer-to-peer) networking
to enable irreversible payments (Maurer, Nelms, and Swartz).
Cryptocurrencies are often clones or variations on the ‘original'
Bitcoin payment systems protocol (Trump et al.) that was shared with the
cryptographic community through a pseudonymous and still unknown
author(s) (Nakamoto), creating a founder mystery. Due to the open
creation process, a new cryptocurrency is relatively easy to make.
However, many of them are based on speculative bubbles that mirror
Bitcoin, Ethereum, and ICOs' wealth creation. Examples of
cryptocurrencies now largely used for speculation due to their
volatility in holding value are rampant, with online clearing houses
competing to trade hundreds of different assets from AAVE to ZIL. Many
of these altcoins have little to no following or trading volume, leading
to their obsolescence. Others enjoy immense popularity among dedicated
communities of backers and investors. Consequently, while many
cryptocurrency experiments fail or lack adoption and drop from the
purview of history, their constant variation also contributes to the
undertow of the future that pulls against more visible surface waves of
computational progress. The article is structured to first define how we
understand and leverage ‘dark' against computational cultures. We then
apply thematic and analytical tactics to articulate future-making
socio-technical experiments in the dark. Based on past empirical work of
the authors (Maddox "Netnography") we focus on crypto-cultures' complex
emancipatory and normative tensions via themes of construction,
disruption, contention, redirection, obsolescence, and iteration.
Through these themes we illustrate the mutation and absorption of dark
experimental spaces into larger social structures. The themes we
identify are not meant as a complete or necessarily serial set of
occurrences, but nonetheless contribute a new vocabulary for students of
technology and media to see into and grapple with the dark. Embracing
the Dark: Prework &amp; Analytical Tactics for Outside the Known To
frame discussion of the dark here as creative space for alternative
futures, we focus on scholars who have deeply engaged with notions of
socio-technical darkness. This allows us to explore outside the blinders
of computational light and, with a nod to Sassen, dig in the shadows of
known categories to evolve the analytical tactics required for the
study of emerging socio-technical conditions. We understand the Dark Web
to usher shifting and multiple definitions of darkness, from a moral
darkness to a technical one (Gehl). From this work, we draw the
observation of how technologies that obfuscate digital tracking create
novel capacities for digital cultures in spaces defined by anonymity for
both publisher and user. Darknets accomplish this by overlaying open
internet protocols (e.g. TCP/IP) with non-standard protocols that
encrypt and anonymise information (Pace). Pace traces concepts of
darknets to networks in the 1970s that were 'insulated' from the
internet's predecessor ARPANET by air gap, and then reemerged as
software protocols similarly insulated from cultural norms around
intellectual property. ‘Darknets' can also be considered in ternary as
opposed to binary terms (Gehl and McKelvey) that push to make private
that which is supposed to be public infrastructure, and push private
platforms (e.g. a Personal Computer) to make public networks via common
bandwidth. In this way, darknets feed new possibilities of communication
from both common infrastructures and individual's platforms. Enabling
new potentials of community online and out of sight serves to signal
what the dark accomplishes for the social when measured against an
otherwise unending light of computational society. To this point, a new
dark age can be welcomed insofar it allows an undecided future outside
of computational logics that continually define and refine the possible
and probable (Bridle). This argument takes von Neumann's 1945
declaration that “all stable processes we shall predict. All unstable
processes we shall control” (in Bridle 21) as a founding statement for
computational thought and indicative of current society. The hope
expressed by Bridle is not an absence of knowledge, but an absence of
knowing the future. Past the computational prison of total information
awareness within an accelerating information age (Castells) is the
promise of new formations of as yet unknowable life. Thus, from Bridle's
perspective, and ours, darkness can be a place of freedom and
possibility, where the equality of being in the dark, together, is not
as threatening as current privileged ways of thinking would suggest
(Bridle 15). The consequences of living in a constant glaring light lead
to data hierarchies “leaching” (Bridle) into everything, including
social relationships, where our data are relationalised while our
relations are datafied (Maddox and Heemsbergen) by enforcing
computational thinking upon them. Darkness becomes a refuge that
acknowledges the power of unknowing, and a return to potential for
social, equitable, and reciprocal relations. This is not to say that we
envision a utopian life without the shadow of hierarchy, but rather an
encouragement to dig into those shadows made visible only by the
brightest of lights. The idea of digging in the shadows is borrowed from
Saskia Sassen, who asks us to consider the ‘master categories' that
blind us to alternatives. According to Sassen (402), while master
categories have the power to illuminate, their blinding power keeps us
from seeing other presences in the landscape: “they produce, then, a
vast penumbra around that center of light. It is in that penumbra that
we need to go digging”. We see darkness in the age of digital ubiquity
as rejecting the blinding ‘master category' of computational thought.
Computational thought defines social/economic/political life via what is
static enough to predict or unstable enough to render a need to
control. Otherwise, the observable, computable, knowable, and possible
all follow in line. Our dig in the shadows posits a penumbra of
protocols – both of computational code and human practice – that circle
the blinding light of known digital communications. We use the remainder
of this short article to describe these themes found in the dark that
offer new ways to understand the movements and moments of potential
futures that remain largely unseen. Thematic Resonances in the Dark This
section considers cryptocultures of the dark. We build from a thematic
vocabulary that has been previously introduced from empirical examples
of the crypto-market communities which tinker with and through the
darkness provided by encryption and privacy technologies (Maddox
"Netnography"). Here we refine these future-making themes through their
application to events surrounding community-generated technology aimed
at disrupting centralised banking systems: cryptocurrencies (Maddox,
Singh, et al.). Given the overlaps in collective values and technologies
between crypto-communities, we find it useful to test the relevance of
these themes to the experimental dynamics surrounding cryptocurrencies.
We unpack these dynamics as construction, rupture and disruption,
redirection, and the flip-sided relationship between obsolescence and
iteration leading to mutation and absorption. This section provides a
working example for how these themes adapt in application to a community
dwelling at the edge of experimental technological possibilities. The
theme of construction is both a beginning and a materialisation of a
value field. It originates within the cyberlibertarians' ideological
stance towards using technological innovations to ‘create a new world in
the shell of the old' (van de Sande) which has been previously
expressed through the concept of constructive activism (Maddox, Barratt,
et al.). This libertarian ideology is also to be found in the early
cultures that gave rise to cryptocurrencies. Through their interest in
the potential of cryptography technologies related to social and
political change, the Cypherpunks mailing list formed in 1992 (Swartz).
The socio-cultural field surrounding cryptocurrencies, however, has
always consisted of a diverse ecosystem of vested interests building
collaborations from “goldbugs, hippies, anarchists, cyberpunks,
cryptographers, payment systems experts, currency activists, commodity
traders, and the curious” (Maurer, Nelms, and Swartz 262). Through the
theme of construction we can consider architectures of collaboration,
cooperation, and coordination developed by technically savvy
populations. Cryptocurrencies are often developed as code by teams who
build in mechanisms for issuance (e.g. ‘mining') and other controls
(Conway). Thus, construction and making of cryptocurrencies tend to be
collective yet decentralised. Cryptocurrencies arose during a time of
increasing levels of distrust in governments and global financial
instability from the Global Financial Crisis (20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/2755">https://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/2755</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>M/C Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2755">10.5204/mcj.2755</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2 SE -</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9ZBBCTMR" class="item book">
<h2>Digital cash and the surveillance society: Negotiating identification in new consumer payment systems</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David J Phillips</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1998</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://search.proquest.com/openview/7ca922683fe4b5a94427e0ba59af4def/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=18750&amp;diss=y%0A">https://search.proquest.com/openview/7ca922683fe4b5a94427e0ba59af4def/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=18750&amp;diss=y%0A</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://search.proquest.com/openview/7ca922683fe4b5a94427e0ba59af4def/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=18750&amp;diss=y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>University of Pennsylvania</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_S6SJG566" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Digital tulips? Returns to investors in initial coin offerings</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hugo Benedetti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Leonard Kostovetsky</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Returns to Investors in Initial Coin Offerings (May 20, 2018)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_TXN8KNIS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Digitizing death: commodification of joss paper on Chinese online cemetery</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yizhou Xu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article explores the digitalization of traditional
funeral joss paper into digital commodities through the case study of
the Chinese online cemetery 00tang.com. Joss paper are paper replicas of
everyday items such as money and objects that are ritually burned as a
form of symbolic offering to the deceased in accordance with traditional
Chinese practices of ancestor worship. Using both ethnographic
interviews and discursive interface analysis, I look at how the
remediation of spiritual joss paper into digital objects complicates
perceived dichotomy between the gift and commodity that requires new
ways of thinking about the acts of social reciprocity, indebtedness, and
obligation. Drawing on established literature relating to gift and
digital economies, I argue 00tang's digitization of joss paper on
internet cemeteries is reflexive of the biopolitical means by which the
state and market forces work to subsume traditional ancestor worship
into controllable and commodifiable labor of mourning. Here, the
subversive wastefulness of the gift is replaced by its accumulation and
preservation online. Digitization in this regard highlights the process
by which objects take on different materiality, values, aesthetics, and
productive labor practices, all of which fundamentally alters the
symbolic regimes of death and the ritual gift economy in China.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1952099">https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1952099</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Cultural Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1952099">10.1080/17530350.2021.1952099</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17530369</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>ancestor worship</li>
<li>digital commodities</li>
<li>digital mourning</li>
<li>Gift exchange</li>
<li>joss paper</li>
<li>online cemetery</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BHEDWLTL" class="item thesis">
<h2>Disassembling the Trust Machine, three cuts on the political matter of blockchain T</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Clara Jaya Brekke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology is, in part, a proposal to resolve ‘the
political' through technical means: decentralised networks to solve the
problem of authority; cryptography to coordinate and secure the network;
and game theory and incentive design to solve network behaviour. This
PhD thesis draws on theoretical work by Karen Barad (2007) and Jacques
Rancière (Rancière, 2010) to ask the question of what matters
politically in blockchain technology – both in the sense of matter as
becoming material of a new mediation of the political, but also
mattering in the sense of being of political importance to engineers,
developers and communities forming around blockchain as a potential.
Rather than treating blockchain as coherent thing to be either
celebrated or criticised, this thesis proposes and attempts to draw out
the ways in which the potentials of blockchain are negotiated as part of
its political effects, looking towards these negotiations to understand
how political differences are made and sought materialised. Three
approaches to the political are articulated to analyse Bitcoin and
Ethereum as case studies and shift their terms of debate. Firstly,
addressing the question of algorithmic determinacy, an approach is
proposed for critically understanding a blockchain proposition that does
not immediately revert to a competition of control between ‘human' and
‘machine' through the notion of the insensible, drawing on work by
geographer of the inhuman Yusoff (2013a). Secondly, drawing on political
theorist Rancière (2010) a particular blockchain sensibility is
articulated, addressing the question of the particular kind of
‘disruption' that blockchain presents. Its specific provenance in
political histories of decentralised network computation opens up
political significance beyond its intersections with financial
capitalism. Finally, addressing the question of blockchain as a
resolution to the political, the thesis introduces the concept of
dissensible as an ongoing potential for incompatible sensibilities and
their negotiation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13174/http://etheses.dur.ac.uk">http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13174/http://etheses.dur.ac.uk</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13174/http://etheses.dur.ac.uk
Volume: 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LKRHPUM6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Disrupting the Ethnographic Imaginarium: Challenges of Immersion in the Silk Road Cryptomarket Community</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexia Maddox</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>20–38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Digital Social Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v2i1.23">10.33621/jdsr.v2i1.23</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
<li>digital ethnography</li>
<li>online community</li>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>2020</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>australia</li>
<li>contentious visibility</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>cryptomarket</li>
<li>deakin university</li>
<li>digital frontier</li>
<li>esearch</li>
<li>igital s ocial r</li>
<li>illicit drug use</li>
<li>j ournal of d</li>
<li>n o</li>
<li>v ol</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_V8WUPJNR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Disrupting the Ethnographic Imaginarium: Challenges of Immersion in the Silk Road Cryptomarket Community</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexia Maddox</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>20–38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Digital Social Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v2i1.23">10.33621/jdsr.v2i1.23</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
<li>digital ethnography</li>
<li>online community</li>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>2020</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>australia</li>
<li>contentious visibility</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>cryptomarket</li>
<li>deakin university</li>
<li>digital frontier</li>
<li>esearch</li>
<li>igital s ocial r</li>
<li>illicit drug use</li>
<li>j ournal of d</li>
<li>n o</li>
<li>v ol</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NXCT5PTT" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Dissecting Ponzi schemes on Ethereum: identification, analysis, and impact</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Massimo Bartoletti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Salvatore Carta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tiziana Cimoli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Roberto Saia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>102</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>259–277</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Future Generation Computer Systems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_798XU7ZW" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Distributed degrowth technology: Challenges for blockchain beyond the green economy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter Howson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This commentary considers the challenges and trade-offs in
using blockchain as the facilitating digital infrastructure for degrowth
projects. A blockchain is simply a distributed database. The technology
is being used for a wide range of applications relevant to economic
exchange and environmental sustainability. Many degrowth scholars wholly
reject technical fixes for politically induced environmental crises,
seeing blockchain projects as wasteful and counter to convivial social
relations. Others highlight the technology's potential for facilitating
redistributive and regenerative economies, but without much detail. This
paper argues that if blockchain is ever to prove useful for the
degrowth movement it would need to overcome challenges in three
important areas: 1) building democratic and (re)distributive economies,
2) regenerating the environment without commodifying it, and 3)
facilitating international alliances without imposing a particular set
of values. What is certain is that technology on its own will not
transcend the political struggles tackled by degrowth activists.
However, under certain conditions, blockchain might make those struggles
more effective.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107020">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107020</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier B.V.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>184</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>107020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Ecological Economics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107020">10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107020</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>June 2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>09218009</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>Sustainability</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
<li>Decolonisation</li>
<li>Degrowth</li>
<li>Technology</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MGG953KR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Do the rich get richer? An empirical analysis of the Bitcoin transaction network</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dániel Kondor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Márton Pósfai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>István Csabai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gábor Vattay</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Public Library of Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>e86197</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>PloS one</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_CHZCGW7Z" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Does not compute: Avoiding pitfalls assessing the Internet's energy and carbon impacts</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jonathan Koomey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Eric Masanet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Jonathan Koomey is president of Koomey Analytics and has in
the past been a visiting professor at Stanford University, Yale
University, and UC Berkeley. He's one of the leading international
experts on the economics of climate solutions and the energy and
environmental effects of information technology. Dr. Koomey holds M.S.
and Ph.D. degrees from the Energy and Resources Group at UC Berkeley and
an A.B. in History and Science from Harvard University. He is the
author or coauthor of more than 200 articles and reports and nine books,
including Turning Numbers into Knowledge: Mastering the Art of Problem
Solving and Cold Cash, Cool Climate: Science-Based Advice for Ecological
Entrepreneurs. More at http://www.koomey.com. Eric Masanet is the
Mellichamp Chair in Sustainability Science for Emerging Technologies at
the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he holds appointments
in the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and the
Department of Mechanical Engineering. He has authored more than 130
scientific publications on sustainability modeling of energy and
materials demand systems, with particular focuses on data centers and IT
systems. He holds a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from UC Berkeley,
with a focus on sustainable manufacturing.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.05.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.05.007</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier Inc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1625–1628</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Joule</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.05.007">10.1016/j.joule.2021.05.007</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25424351</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:30</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>analytical errors</li>
<li>Bitcoin electricity use</li>
<li>carbon dioxide emissions</li>
<li>carbon emissions</li>
<li>computing efficiency</li>
<li>critical thinking</li>
<li>forecasting</li>
<li>greenhouse gas emissions</li>
<li>information technology</li>
<li>long-term projections</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SR6KWW6D" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Don't Fish in Troubled Waters! Characterizing Coronavirus-themed Cryptocurrency Scams</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Pengcheng Xia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Haoyu Wang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Xiapu Luo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lei Wu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yajin Zhou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Guangdong Bai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Guoai Xu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gang Huang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Xuanzhe Liu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.13639</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_9XSTNR35" class="item webpage">
<h2>DSHR's Blog: EE380 Talk</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Rosenthal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Stanford Lecture on Cryptocurrency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.dshr.org/2022/02/ee380-talk.html">https://blog.dshr.org/2022/02/ee380-talk.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:23:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:23:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:24:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_9872GBKC">DSHR's Blog: EE380 Talk </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7IXVQ5NU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Economic and Non-Economic Trading in Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthew Hougan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hong Kim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Micah Lerner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bitwise Asset Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Bitwise Asset Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_V8UIUH63" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Economies of Scale in Peer-to-Peer Networks</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Rosenthal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2014-10-07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.dshr.org/2014/10/economies-of-scale-in-peer-to-peer.html">https://blog.dshr.org/2014/10/economies-of-scale-in-peer-to-peer.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:20:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>DSHR's Blog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:20:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_N5VI7ENG">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KBASL3VD" class="item blogPost">
<h2>EE380 Talk (Can We Mitigate Cryptocurrencies' Externalities?)</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Rosenthal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.dshr.org/2022/02/ee380-talk.html">https://blog.dshr.org/2022/02/ee380-talk.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:21:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>DSHR's Blog</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:21:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:56:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_A2Z3NWLB">
<div><p>Having built a decentralized consensus system using Proof-of-Work (<a rel="nofollow" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/945445.945451">http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/945445.945451</a>)
the author has the technical knowledge to explain the design faults and
limitations of permissionless blockchain systems, as well as
highlighting the economic and environmental issues. Summary of critique:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>That the externalities I describe don't exist. You'll have a hard
time proving that the waste of electricity and hardware, and the crime
wave, are imaginary.</li>
<li>That although the externalities do exist, the benefits of
decentralization outweigh them. The problem here is that since the
systems are not actually decentralized, we get the externalities but
don't get the benefits.</li>
<li>That although the externalities do exist, and the systems aren't
dencentralized, they're making so much money that we shouldn't worry.
The problem here is that the amount of actual money you can get out of a
cryptocurrency equals the amount of actual money that has been put in,
minus the actual costs of mining. So the big picture is that although
there may be winners, in aggregate the system loses money.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_KKBSNI5G">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_C8KVW7W6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Ein Blick auf aktuelle Entwicklungen bei Blockchains und deren Auswirkungen auf den Energieverbrauch</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Johannes Sedlmeir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hans Ulrich Buhl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gilbert Fridgen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robert Keller</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The enormous power consumption of Bitcoin has led to
undifferentiated discussions in science and practice about the
sustainability of blockchain and distributed ledger technology in
general. However, blockchain technology is far from homogeneous—not only
with regard to its applications, which now go far beyond
cryptocurrencies and have reached businesses and the public sector, but
also with regard to its technical characteristics and, in particular,
its power consumption. This paper summarizes the status quo of the power
consumption of various implementations of blockchain technology, with
special emphasis on the recent ‘‘Bitcoin Halving” and so-called
‘‘zk-rollups”. We argue that although Bitcoin and other proof-of-work
blockchains do indeed consume a lot of power, alternative blockchain
solutions with significantly lower power consumption are already
available today, and new promising concepts are being tested that could
further reduce in particulary the power consumption of large blockchain
networks in the near future. From this we conclude that although the
criticism of Bitcoin's power consumption is legitimate, it should not be
used to derive an energy problem of blockchain technology in general.
In many cases in which processes can be digitized or improved with the
help of more energy-efficient blockchain variants, one can even expect
net energy savings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>391–404</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Informatik-Spektrum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-020-01321-z">10.1007/s00287-020-01321-z</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1432122X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YQMAU7JK" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>El Salvador bitcoin experiment comes with risks</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Oxford Analytica</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Expert Briefings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:01:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:01:59</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_6F8XVXHJ" class="item webpage">
<h2>El Salvador Botches Bitcoin Adoption</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/09/17/el-salvador-bitcoin-law-farce/">https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/09/17/el-salvador-bitcoin-law-farce/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:05:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:05:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:09:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_QHXAMQEY" class="item webpage">
<h2>El Salvador's Bitcoin Plan Is Stealth De-Dollarization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/06/15/el-salvador-bitcoin-official-currency-printing-money/">https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/06/15/el-salvador-bitcoin-official-currency-printing-money/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:05:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:05:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:09:51</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_FZQ7UN37" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Embedding into an Emerging Money System: The Case of Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexander B. Kinney</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>As global economic crises place the issue of money at the
forefront of media attention, a growing minority are turning to
“cryptocurrencies” as an emerging digital alternative to state-issued
currencies. Bitcoin, the most popular version of this emerging medium,
is a useful proxy to answer a key question to the sociology of money:
how do people embed themselves into an emerging money system, and what
role does value play in this process? Drawing on 23 interviews with
Bitcoin adopters, I find that embedding into Bitcoin is closely tied to
personal experience and temporal contexts. This study demonstrates that
the adoption of Bitcoin follows a distinct process. First adopters
discover the value Bitcoin on their own terms. Next, they reflexively
overcome challenges to these initial perceptions of value. Finally, they
reaffirm their embeddedness in the system through rituals of
commitment. This finding has implications for the sociology of money and
economic sociology by distilling the connection between fictional
expectations that are used to anchor value systems and the social
construction of monetary utilities and group identities. Additionally,
this connection helps to unpack how Bitcoin continues to mature as a
money system despite being characterized by diverse adopters that often
engage in economically inefficient activities.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2020.1845260">https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2020.1845260</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>77–92</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Sociological Focus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2020.1845260">10.1080/00380237.2020.1845260</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21621128</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Technology</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>Qualitative Methods</li>
<li>Value</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MLYFY37S" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Emerging Canadian Crypto-Asset Jurisdictional Uncertainties and Regulatory Gaps</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ryan Clements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Banking and Finance Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_D45J3Z9D" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Energy consumption boomtowns in the United States: Community responses to a cryptocurrency boom</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Pierce Greenberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dylan Bugden</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>While scholars have studied the impacts of energy development
booms on local communities in the U.S., much less is known about towns
experiencing energy consumption booms from industries such as
cryptocurrency mining. This article proposes that energy consumption
boomtowns are unique in the risks, benefits, and conflicts they
create—and that they provide fruitful areas of research for energy
social scientists. We illustrate this point with a brief case study of
Chelan County, Washington—where an influx of crypto mining over the past
five years has stirred community debate. We collected more than 100
newspaper articles, public comments, and public meeting recordings to
identify the cautions, hesitations, and criticisms that have caused
local regulators to take a precautionary approach. We highlight five key
points of the debate that may be of interest to energy social
scientists: (1) impacts on the local energy supply and prices, (2)
unclear socioeconomic benefits to the county, (3) the illegitimacy of
cryptocurrency, (4) environmental considerations, and (5) a disconnect
with local legacy industries and community economic identity. We
conclude by proposing areas of future social science research on energy
consumption booms.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.12.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.12.005</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>162–167</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research and Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.12.005">10.1016/j.erss.2018.12.005</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>December 2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>22146296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
<li>Boomtowns</li>
<li>Crypto mining</li>
<li>Energy justice</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HPHESADA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Energy Consumption of Cryptocurrencies Beyond Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ulrich Gallersdörfer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lena Klaaßen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Stoll</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Joule</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_B8VGUG26" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Energy Consumption of Cryptocurrencies Beyond Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ulrich Gallersdörfer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lena Klaaßen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Stoll</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ulrich Gallersdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lena Klaaßen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Stoll</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ulrich Gallersdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin's energy hunger has triggered a passionate debate
about the energy consumption of cryptocurrencies. Most studies have been
focusing exclusively on Bitcoin and ignored the more than 500 further
mineable coins and tokens. Here we analyze 20 cryptocurrencies, which
account for more than 98% of the total market capitalization of
cryptocurrencies. We conclude that Bitcoin accounts for 2/3 of the total
energy consumption of cryptocurrencies and understudied
cryptocurrencies represent the remaining 1/3.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Cell Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>2018–2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Joule</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.013">10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.013</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2542-4351</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6GQLTY8L" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Energy consumption of cryptocurrency mining: A study of electricity consumption in mining cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jingming Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nianping Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jinqing Peng</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Haijiao Cui</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Zhibin Wu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Cryptocurrency is a relatively new combination of cryptology
and currency in financial areas and is increasingly frequently used
worldwide. Blockchain applications are expected to reshape the renewable
energy market. However, there is a lack of studies covering the power
usage of digital currencies. Therefore, this study ran experiments on
mining efficiency of nine kinds of cryptocurrencies and ten algorithms. A
comparison of statistical analysis of data in a benchmark and
experiment results of Monero mining was conducted. Thereafter, this
study provided an estimation of global electricity consumption of the
Monero mining activity. The results indicated that the hashing algorithm
mainly determines the mining efficiency. Data analysis and experiments
and estimated Monero mining electricity consumption in the world and its
carbon emission in China as a case study. In 2018, Monero mining may
consume 645.62 GWh of electricity in the world after its hard fork. The
Monero mining in China may consume 30.34 GWh and contribute a carbon
emission of 19.12–19.42 thousand tons from April to December in 2018.
Although cryptocurrency mining and blockchain technology are promising,
their influence on energy conversation and sustainable development
should be further studied.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.046">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.046</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 8673188822
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>168</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>160–168</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.046">10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.046</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>03605442</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Monero</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_ELECTRICITY</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency mining</li>
<li>Energy consumption</li>
<li>Carbon emission</li>
<li>PoW</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8SXXWA3U" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Energy consumption of cryptocurrency mining: A study of electricity consumption in mining cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jingming Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nianping Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jinqing Peng</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Haijiao Cui</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Zhibin Wu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Cryptocurrency is a relatively new combination of cryptology
and currency in financial areas and is increasingly frequently used
worldwide. Blockchain applications are expected to reshape the renewable
energy market. However, there is a lack of studies covering the power
usage of digital currencies. Therefore, this study ran experiments on
mining efficiency of nine kinds of cryptocurrencies and ten algorithms. A
comparison of statistical analysis of data in a benchmark and
experiment results of Monero mining was conducted. Thereafter, this
study provided an estimation of global electricity consumption of the
Monero mining activity. The results indicated that the hashing algorithm
mainly determines the mining efficiency. Data analysis and experiments
and estimated Monero mining electricity consumption in the world and its
carbon emission in China as a case study. In 2018, Monero mining may
consume 645.62 GWh of electricity in the world after its hard fork. The
Monero mining in China may consume 30.34 GWh and contribute a carbon
emission of 19.12–19.42 thousand tons from April to December in 2018.
Although cryptocurrency mining and blockchain technology are promising,
their influence on energy conversation and sustainable development
should be further studied.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>168</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>160–168</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.046">10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.046</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>03605442</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Monero</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_ELECTRICITY</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency mining</li>
<li>Energy consumption</li>
<li>Carbon emission</li>
<li>PoW</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PLXCEIAL" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Energy Footprint of Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms Beyond Proof-of-Work</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Moritz Platt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Johannes Sedlmeir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniel Platt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jiahua Xu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paolo Tasca</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nikhil Vadgama</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Juan Ignacio Ibanez</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.03667">https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.03667</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.03667
_eprint: arXiv:2109.03667v5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_URHB3IPN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Entrepreneurial finance and moral hazard: evidence from token offerings</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul P Momtaz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>106001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Business Venturing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_4SQFM724" class="item book">
<h2>Essays on the Great Depression</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ben S. Bernanke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Princeton University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_WZHCJHKI" class="item webpage">
<h2>Et tu, Signal?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-04-07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/signal.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/signal.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:57:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:57:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:42:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_GE4TKEJB">Et tu, Signal? </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_THNUFVDJ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Ethereum Emissions: A Bottom-up Estimate</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kyle McDonald</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The Ethereum ecosystem is maintained by a distributed global
network of computers that currently require massive amounts of
computational power. Previous work on estimating the energy use and
emissions of the Ethereum network has relied on top-down economic
analysis and rough estimates of hardware efficiency and emissions
factors. In this work we provide a bottom-up analysis that works from
hashrate to an energy usage estimate, and from mining locations to an
emissions factor estimate, and combines these for an overall emissions
estimate.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01238">http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01238</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>_eprint: 2112.01238</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01238">http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.01238</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>ethereum</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>energy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8VF82L85" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Ethereum: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Vitalik Buterin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>Zotero</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 12:34:21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 12:34:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_Z3CLZ37U">
<div><p>Read/Eilidh</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_XH6PG4FX">Buterin - Ethereum A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Dec.pdf </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SPWQLTZ6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Evaluating complementary currencies: from the assessment of
multiple social qualities to the discovery of a unique monetary
sociality</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Luigi Doria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Luca Fantacci</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The phenomenon of complementary currencies has experienced in
recent years a significant evolution both in terms of the sheer number
of initiatives and in terms of their ability to attract the attention of
academia, politics and media. The spread of these experiments and the
increasing involvement of public institutions have led to a growing
demand for evaluation procedures specifically targeted at CCs, both as
economic experiments and as public policy initiatives. The task of
evaluation confronts the peculiar multidimensional character of
complementary currencies. One of the traits that is commonly recognized
as a characteristic of CCs is indeed the presence, alongside more
strictly economic dimensions, of multiple social dimensions and aims.
Some evaluation models therefore attempt to measure—through the
identification of multiple variables, and of corresponding
indicators—the impacts of complementary currencies in terms of a wide
range of expected social or economic objectives. This paper intends to
question the sufficiency of similar approaches. We will argue that those
approaches risk to overshadow a peculiar form of sociality which may
emerge particularly in certain types of complementary currency
experiments. The paper highlights the significance of this sociality and
the relevance of its analysis for the advancement of evaluation
practices in the field of monetary innovation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer Netherlands</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1291–1314</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Quality and Quantity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0520-9">10.1007/s11135-017-0520-9</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15737845</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
<li>Clearing systems</li>
<li>Complementary currencies</li>
<li>Evaluation</li>
<li>Monetary theory</li>
<li>Social meaning of money</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AS3IK2R6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Everyone Is Getting Hilariously Rich and You’re Not</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nellie Bowles</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_TTNKHY42" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Everything Old Is New Again— Or Is It?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Juliie Cohen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISSN: 19116470
DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190246693.001.0001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>E615</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Series Number</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Between Truth and Power: The Legal Constructions of Informational Capitalism</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NYDBIRCE" class="item book">
<h2>Evil Money: Encounters along the money trail</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rachel Ehrenfeld</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1994</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>SP Books</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_SYYBT2IP" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Exit to Community: Strategies for Multi-Stakeholder Ownership in the Platform Economy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>N. Mannan, M. &amp; Schneider</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The platform economy1 is facing a crisis of accountability.
Large Internet platforms, once regarded as sources of hope for
democratic social movements or engines of a promising new economy—or, at
worst, just superficial distractions—are now facing serious public
scrutiny across the globe. The executives of Facebook, Google, and
Twitter have been called before the U.S. Congress to account for their
roles in enabling foreign election interference. Scholars have raised
concerns about algorithmic, data-driven business models,2 the
exploitation of digital labor,3 the abuse of market power,4 corporate
governance failures,5 manipulation by oppressive governments,6 opacity
and arbitrariness in content moderation,7 and corporate surveillance,8
to name just a few in an ever-growing body of literature on the
depredations of the platform economy. Part of the urgency surrounding
such concerns lies in the fact that some platforms are near-impossible
to escape. Internet users, and societies as a whole, have difficulty
opting out of their services.9 Companies like Facebook, for instance,
track users across the Web and create shadow user profiles even when the
user does not have an account on their platforms.10 Not using such
platforms means forgoing essential opportunities for work and social
life—even access to basic services.11 By not using social media
platforms such as Facebook, people deprive themselves of one of the
“most powerful mechanisms” to make their voices heard.12 Conversely, for
those who use such services, exit is not a costless exercise, as it
involves the irrecoverable loss of social capital, reputational cachet,
and assets.13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://georgetownlawtechreview.org/exit-to-community-strategies-for-multi-stakeholder-ownership-in-the-platform-economy/GLTR-05-2021/">https://georgetownlawtechreview.org/exit-to-community-strategies-for-multi-stakeholder-ownership-in-the-platform-economy/GLTR-05-2021/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>Review 4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>2017–2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Georgetown Law Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://georgetownlawtechreview.org/exit-to-community-strategies-for-multi-stakeholder-ownership-in-the-platform-economy/GLTR-05-2021/">https://georgetownlawtechreview.org/exit-to-community-strategies-for-multi-stakeholder-ownership-in-the-platform-economy/GLTR-05-2021/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>no. 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_V8I4TI2J" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Adam DI Kramer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jamie E Guillory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jeffrey T Hancock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: National Acad Sciences</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>111</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>8788–8790</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_VZL8P9WX" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Experiments in algorithmic governance: A history and ethnography of “The DAO,” a failed decentralized autonomous organization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Quinn DuPont</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://iqdupont.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/DuPont-Experiments_in_Algorithmic_Governance-2017.pdf">http://iqdupont.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/DuPont-Experiments_in_Algorithmic_Governance-2017.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>157–177</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Bitcoin and beyond</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TSMK9VWZ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Exploring the cryptocurrency and blockchain ecosystem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nouriel Roubini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Testimony for the Hearing of the US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Community Affairs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_FMMHBJX6" class="item book">
<h2>Extraordinary popular delusions and the madness of crowds</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Charles Mackay</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2012</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Simon and Schuster</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_G88U6C57" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Facebook’s Libra will not help the unbanked</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Brendan Greeley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_YZF7TR4K" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Fairness and Freedom for Artists: Towards a Robot Economy for the Music Industry</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tim Wissel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:72a5c834-177b-4b3c-a6f8-8e69e65cfdf4">https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:72a5c834-177b-4b3c-a6f8-8e69e65cfdf4</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MIUNRRC6" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Fat Protocols</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Joel Monegro</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The previous generation of shared protocols (TCP/IP, HTTP,
SMTP, etc.) produced immeasurable amounts of value, but most of it got
captured and re-aggregated on top at the applications layer, largely in
the form of data (think Google, Facebook and so on). The Internet stack,
in terms of how value is distributed, is composed of “thin” protocols
and “fat” applications.
This relationship between protocols and applications is reversed in the
blockchain application stack. Value concentrates at the shared protocol
layer and only a fraction of that value is distributed along at the
applications layer. It’s a stack with “fat” protocols and “thin”
applications.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016-08-08T09:35:39-04:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.usv.com/writing/2016/08/fat-protocols/">https://www.usv.com/writing/2016/08/fat-protocols/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:05:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: USV Blog. more about incentivizing adoption</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Union Square Ventures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:05:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:10:53</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_FZYVMVYS">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AH944VXL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Fertile LAND: Pricing non-fungible tokens</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael Dowling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S154461232100177X">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S154461232100177X</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102096</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Finance Research Letters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102096">10.1016/j.frl.2021.102096</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_ASSET</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NRVUXUHT" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Finance beyond function: Three causal explanations for financialization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Aaron Z. Pitluck</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fabio Mattioli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniel Souleles</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article suggests that it is advantageous for social
scientists to deliberatedly depart from functionalist theories seeking
to explain the expansion of financial instruments and logics across
social life. Rather we identify three causes for financialization from
three extant clusters of scholastic activity: an organic policial
economy that sees finance expanding as a product or by-product of larger
state and imperlial-level politcal strucggles, a prelational sociology
that sees the ways that finance expands by becoming another medium for
expressing and constraining social relationships, and a cultural
analysis that observes the increasing redefinition of discursive and
material practices as financial. Across this larger discussion, we
introduce and situate the contributions to this journal's special issue
on financialization.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>157–171</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Economic Anthropology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/sea2.12114">10.1002/sea2.12114</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
<li>financialization</li>
<li>adults to accessing housing</li>
<li>contemporary daily</li>
<li>everything from provisioning for</li>
<li>financialization as a significant</li>
<li>functionalism</li>
<li>increasingly involve some manner</li>
<li>it all seems to</li>
<li>life</li>
<li>of equity</li>
<li>performativity</li>
<li>phenomenon behind much of</li>
<li>political economy</li>
<li>relational sociology</li>
<li>the elderly in retirement</li>
<li>the social sciences recognize</li>
<li>to alleviating rural poverty</li>
<li>to children and young</li>
<li>to delivering an education</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_98GES8N6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Financial capital goes to heaven: Bitcoin, fintech 3.0 and the massification of the indebted man</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Leonardo Gabriel De Marchi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The article analyzes Bitcoin cryptocurrency as part of a new
sector of the financial market, fintech 3.0. Subscribing to Maurizio
Lazzarato's thesis that the category of the indebted man would be the
form of governmentality of contemporary capitalism, it is discussed how
Bitcoin works as a vector of expansion of the social logic of
indebtedness to a portion of the population. At first, I propose to
think of cryptocurrency as media. Below, I present a genealogy of the
ideologies that animated the creation of Bitcoin, in order to
demonstrate the libertarian values that guided the design of this new
technology. Finally, I discuss how fintech 3.0 spreads the social logic
of the indebted man through personal digital devices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.revistas.usp.br/matrizes/article/download/172356/175647/512875">https://www.revistas.usp.br/matrizes/article/download/172356/175647/512875</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>205–227</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>MATRIZes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-8160.v15i2p205-227">10.11606/issn.1982-8160.v15i2p205-227</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1982-2073</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>currency as media</li>
<li>financialization of everyday life</li>
<li>fintech 3</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DV5ANL7D" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Financial eschatology and the libidinal economy of leverage</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Amin Samman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stefano Sgambati</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Apocalyptic thinking has a long religious and political
tradition, but what place does it occupy within the temporal universe of
contemporary capitalism? In this essay, we use the figure of the
eschaton to draw out the loaded and ambiguous character of the future as
it emerges through the condition of indebtedness. This entails a
departure from political economy accounts of capitalist futurity, which
stress the structural logic of financial speculation, in favour of an
existential account that begins instead with the cosmology of money and
debt. We argue that finance capital's fixation on the future has
produced a very specific form of apocalyptic imagination, characteristic
of financial society and built on a libidinal economy of leverage.
Rather than offering an ecstatic end to the global process of
financialization, financial eschatologies bind the contemporary subject
to debt and indebtedness to the very end: an endless apocalypse,
premised on the ends of finance itself.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Theory, Culture &amp; Society (forthcoming)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/02632764211070805">10.1177/02632764211070805</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BUPJQXW4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Financial Literacy and Attitudes to Cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Georgios A Panos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tatja Karkkainen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Available at SSRN 3482083</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_L9BTIVY6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Financial regulation in the age of the platform economy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Barry Eichengreen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Platform businesses allow for collaboration with
nontraditional partners and bring together different categories of
customers, in the financial context savers and investors or lenders and
borrowers, creating large, scalable networks of users. Their entry into
finance promises potential benefits to consumers in the form of new
products, lower prices, wider choice, and enhanced consumer experience.
At the same time, their new business models and technologies potentially
threaten the dominant position of traditional financial services
providers and create challenges for regulators. Platform businesses can
use their preferential access to customer data to skim off high-quality
loans, leaving only low-quality customers for other lenders. Their
ability to offer complementary nonfinancial services that cannot be
supplied by FinTech start-ups and banks can make it difficult or
unattractive for customers to switch to alternative providers. This
danger is especially acute when BigTech firms have monopoly power in
other markets that complement financial services.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Banking Regulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-021-00187-9">10.1057/s41261-021-00187-9</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1745-6452</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FMEEREAR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Flash boys 2.0: Frontrunning, transaction reordering, and consensus instability in decentralized exchanges</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Philip Daian</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Steven Goldfeder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tyler Kell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yunqi Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Xueyuan Zhao</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Iddo Bentov</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lorenz Breidenbach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ari Juels</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.05234</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_XE22IA3S" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Flood &amp; Loot: A Systemic Attack On The Lightning Network</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jona Harris</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Aviv Zohar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.08513</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_F7K5IRW8" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Foreign initial coin offering issuers beware: the Securities and Exchange Commission is watching</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Julianna Debler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>245</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Cornell Int'l LJ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_CJX9QD58" class="item document">
<h2>Four Days Trapped at Sea With Crypto's Nouveau Riche</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Laurie Penny</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://breakermag.com/trapped-at-sea-with-cryptos-nouveau-riche/">https://breakermag.com/trapped-at-sea-with-cryptos-nouveau-riche/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: BREAKERMAG</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_A8HIEQYH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Fractional ownership, democratization, and bubble formation - The impact of blockchain enabled asset tokenization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Soyeon Kim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Motivated by the growing importance of research on blockchain
applications, this paper conceptualizes the potential impact of
blockchain enabled asset tokenization. Asset tokenization is the process
of converting real-world assets to digital tokens and trading them
fractionally based on a blockchain platform and its smart contract
function. This research hypothesizes that tokenizing the asset increases
its price by improving the democracy of the market and its liquidity,
and eventually results in a price bubble, although it is not clear how
long it will last. Furthermore, this impact is hypothesized to be
greater on the previously lesser-known assets, because of the dominant
investor sentiment and valuation subjectivity. Specifically, the art
market is designated as a research context because blockchain
applications has been expected to innovate the market by resolving its
problems of centralization, inefficiency, and information asymmetry.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2020/adv_info_systems_research/adv_info_systems_research/19/">https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2020/adv_info_systems_research/adv_info_systems_research/19/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 9781733632546</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>0–5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>26th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2020/adv_info_systems_research/adv_info_systems_research/19/">https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2020/adv_info_systems_research/adv_info_systems_research/19/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_ASSET</li>
<li>Asset Tokenization</li>
<li>Blockchain Application</li>
<li>Digital Transaction</li>
<li>Fractional Ownership</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_23B8HDXS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>From Athens to the Blockchain: Oracles for Digital Democracy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marta Poblet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Darcy W. E. Allen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Oleksii Konashevych</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Aaron M. Lane</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Carlos Andres Diaz Valdivia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>\ldots This is an important development for facilitating
longer-term exchanges that require a level of certainty over the future
value of payment \ldots An example of data feed could be a monthly
unemployment rate by a government source, or the daily number of
Covid-19 global cases by \ldots</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Frontiers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Frontiers in Blockchain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2020.575662">10.3389/fbloc.2020.575662</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2624-7852</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_T8ZG8TLR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>From Centralized to Decentralized Finance: The Issue of</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Linn Anker-Sørensen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk A Zetzsche</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Available at SSRN 3978815</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3978815">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3978815</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_A9FIJB4N" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>From cryptocurrencies to cryptocourts: blockchain and the financialization of dispute resolution platforms</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthew Dylag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Harrison Smith</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper contributes to emerging discussions of blockchain
governance through an analysis of dispute resolution platforms that
reimagine justice. We focus specifically on Kleros, a blockchain-enabled
dispute resolution platform, that promises to secure, authenticate, and
democratize access to justice for the twenty-first century. We advance
the concept of cryptocourts whereby jurors, incentivized by accumulating
cryptocurrency, rapidly mobilize using principles of on-demand
crowdsourcing to resolve disputes. We critique the broader social
imaginaries that cryptocourts such as Kleros will result in a more open,
trustworthy, transparent, and democratic systems of justice. These
platforms instead pose important questions concerning their potential
impact on civil dispute resolution practices by embedding it within an
economy of cryptocurrency speculation. This ostensibly results in a
legal infrastructure founded on principles of financial acquisition that
positions jurors as economic agents seeking to profit from disputes,
and courts as computational systems that merely authenticate and secure
the distribution of evidence and verdicts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1942958">https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1942958</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Information Communication and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1942958">10.1080/1369118X.2021.1942958</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14684462</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>financialization</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
<li>access to justice</li>
<li>Cryptocourts</li>
<li>online dispute resolution</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AT3A4JAN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>From Libra to Diem. The Pursuit of a Global Private Currency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ivan Pupolizio</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The official launch of the Libra project in 2019, and the
subsequent troubles experienced by the project, stimulated a vigorous
debate, from different perspectives, on the pros and cons of a private
currency with global ambitions. This paper describes the main
characteristics of Libra and of its heir, Diem, locating both in a
partial taxonomy of the increasingly crowded field of so-called 'digital
currencies'. In the light of the distinguishing features and risks of
such an ambitious project, the paper also aims to assess the potential
impact on a crucial issue of the present international monetary system:
the power to create money.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: De Gruyter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Global Jurist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1515/gj-2021-0055">10.1515/gj-2021-0055</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>19342640</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
<li>banking system</li>
<li>Diem</li>
<li>digital currencies</li>
<li>international monetary system</li>
<li>Libra</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5R73HJEI" class="item document">
<h2>From Money Mules to Chain-Hopping: Targeting the Finances of Cybercrime</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>A Moiseienko</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>O Kraft</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>London: RUSI</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_QATEAP7U" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>From Work to Proof of Work: Meaning and Value after Blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jeffrey West Kirkwood</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: The University of Chicago Press Chicago, IL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>360–380</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Critical Inquiry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1086/717303">10.1086/717303</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0093-1896</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YKJSI3A2" class="item webpage">
<h2>Gamestop, Bitcoin and the Commoditization of Populist Rage</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-02-03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/gamestop.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/gamestop.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:58:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:58:18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:41:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_KDNTGF5V">Gamestop, Bitcoin and the Commoditization of Populist Rage </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_GY6CLBY3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Generative Anger: From Social Enterprise to Antagonistic Economies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter North</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Vicky Nowak</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alan Southern</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matt Thompson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This essay offers conceptual development for thinking diverse
economies in terms of their relationship to antagonism. Rather than
seeing antagonism as unhelpfully fueling capitalocentric thinking, the
essay argues that antagonism can usefully recognize and engage with
problematic forms of power and domination. Building on calls for a
closer engagement of community-economies thinking with wider
anticapitalist praxis, the essay explores how social and solidarity
economy (SSE) practices sometimes reproduce, sometimes challenge, and
sometimes build alternatives to forms of power that attempt to shape,
obstruct, and obliterate attempts to create better worlds. The essay
develops conceptualizations of social enterprise, the social economy,
and solidarity economies before offering the novel concept of the
antagonistic economy, arguably a site from which angry opposition to
constraining power relations can generate a more productive politics of
possibility. The conception of the antagonistic economy is developed by
discussion of taking back labor through recovered factories and land
through community land trusts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>330–347</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Rethinking Marxism</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2020.1780669">10.1080/08935696.2020.1780669</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14758059</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
<li>Antagonistic Economy</li>
<li>Community Land Trusts</li>
<li>Diverse Economies</li>
<li>Recovered Factories</li>
<li>Social Enterprise</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5VHU6ZRN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Global Stablecoins: Monetary Policy Implementation Considerations from the U.S. Perspective</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthew Malloy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Lowe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This note explores the potential effects of the widespread
adoption of a global stablecoin (GSC) on key aggregate financial sector
balance sheets in the United States. To do this, we map out cash flows
of GSC transactions among financial sector entities using a stylized set
of 't-accounts'. By analyzing these individual transactions, we infer
aggregate and compositional effects on U.S. commercial banking sector
and Federal Reserve balance sheets. Through this lens, we also consider
how these balance sheet changes could affect monetary policy
implementation, the demand for central bank reserves, and the market for
U.S. dollar safe assets.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: FEDS Working Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Finance and Economics Discussion Series</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.020">10.17016/feds.2021.020</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>19362854</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PWYYR6AA" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Göttliche Protokolle, Bitcoin-Jünger und schattenhafte Herrscher:
Über die religiösen Anwandlungen und ideologischen Verstrickungen der
Blockchain-Technologie</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Katrin Becker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WP6YLNHG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Governance and Design of Digital Platforms: A Review and Future Research Directions on a Meta-Organization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Liang Chen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tony W. Tong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shaoqin Tang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nianchen Han</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The burgeoning digital-platforms literature across multiple
business disciplines has primarily characterized the platform as a
market or network. Although the organizing role of platform owners is
well recognized, the literature lacks a coherent approach to
understanding organizational governance in the platform context. Drawing
on classic organizational governance theories, this paper views digital
platforms as a distinct organizational form where the mechanisms of
incentive and control routinely take center stage. We systematically
review research on digital platforms, categorize specific governance
mechanisms related to incentive and control, and map a multitude of
idiosyncratic design features studied in prior research onto these
mechanisms. We further develop an integrative framework to synthesize
the review and to offer novel insights into the interrelations among
three building blocks: value, governance, and design. Using this
framework as a guide, we discuss specific directions for future research
and offer a number of illustrative questions to help advance our
knowledge about digital platforms' governance mechanisms and design
features.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>147–184</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/01492063211045023">10.1177/01492063211045023</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15571211</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
<li>digital platform</li>
<li>control</li>
<li>digitization</li>
<li>incentive</li>
<li>meta-organization</li>
<li>organizational form</li>
<li>organizational governance</li>
<li>platform design</li>
<li>platform governance</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IUGX5KDW" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Governance in Blockchain Technologies &amp; Social Contract Theories</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wessel Reijers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fiachra O'Brolcháin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul Haynes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper is placed in the context of a growing number of
social and political critiques of blockchain technologies. We focus on
the supposed potential of blockchain technologies to transform political
institutions that are central to contemporary human societies, such as
money, property rights regimes, and systems of democratic governance.
Our aim is to examine the way blockchain technologies canbring about -
and justify - new models of governance. To do so, we draw on the
philosophical works of Hobbes, Rousseau, and Rawls, analyzing blockchain
governance in terms of contrasting social contract theories. We begin
by comparing the justifications of blockchain governance offered by
members of the blockchain developers' community with the justifications
of governance presented within social contract theories. We then examine
the extent to which the model of governance offered by blockchain
technologies reflects key governance themes and assumptions located
within social contract theories, focusing on the notions of sovereignty,
the initial situation, decentralization and distributive justice.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>134–151</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Ledger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.5195/ledger.2016.62">10.5195/ledger.2016.62</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2379-5980</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9N6XBGFE" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Governing Objects from a Distance : Blockchains as Organizers of Environmentality</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Oliver Leistert</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Of the phenomena in the field of media technologies that have
conquered imaginations and funding buckets recently, blockchain
technologies, next to artificial intelligence and machine learning,
might be considered the most striking example. The blockchain
constitutes a protocological internet layer for values that corresponds
to a continuing monetization pressure and ongoing expansion of
identification strategies. Notwithstanding these trajectories, behind
this prospective killer application resides first of all a sovereign
chronological regime that has the capacities to prove and modulate the
existence, identity and administration of data, assets, goods and
services from a distance on granular scales.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Place</th>
<td>Lüneburg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>meson press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Explorations in Digital Cultures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>Control</li>
<li>digitale Kultur</li>
<li>Kontrolle</li>
<li>Poperty Regime</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YR2JVUYE" class="item thesis">
<h2>Governing Socio-Technical Systems: Internal Governance of Decentralized Blockchain-Based Networks</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Florian Lukas Helfrich</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Along with the emerging use of cryptocurrency systems, new
forms of decentralised blockchain-based networks are envisioned and
being developed. These networks are extending the scope of using
blockchain technology beyond solely financial contexts into novel fields
of application. Investigating the ways in which such networks are
implemented in societies and how they are governed requires
understanding the underlying technical structures, social practices and
forms of governance within such networks. Investigating these internal
aspects of decentralised blockchain-based networks is the main focus of
this thesis. Drawing on accounts in the field of science and technology
studies (STS), this thesis will elaborate on decentralised
cryptocurrency systems as being constituted by technical aspects of
their infrastructure, as well as the social relations within them.
Building upon an understanding of the socio-technical structure of such
systems, the influence of their decentralised character on the
constitution of user identities is presented. It will be investigated
how the socio-technical character and decentralised structure of
cryptocurrency systems leads to new forms of governance within them and,
correspondingly, in the decentralised blockchain-based networks they
are a part of. Two illustrative cases of decentralised blockchain-based
networks in electricity markets and the forms of governance within them
will be examined.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://essay.utwente.nl/84805/">http://essay.utwente.nl/84805/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: http://essay.utwente.nl/84805/</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DBJKL76P" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Great Protocol Politics</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Parag Khanna, Balaji S. Srinivasan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The 21st century doesn’t belong to China, the United States, or Silicon Valley. It belongs to the internet.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/12/11/bitcoin-ethereum-cryptocurrency-web3-great-protocol-politics/">https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/12/11/bitcoin-ethereum-cryptocurrency-web3-great-protocol-politics/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 13:48:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Foreign Policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 13:48:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 13:48:53</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_6IBM7NNU">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_349TUURS" class="item report">
<h2>Guidance on Cryptoassets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/consultation/cp19-03.pdf#page=11">https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/consultation/cp19-03.pdf#page=11</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Institution</th>
<td>Financial Conduct Authority</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_K7AE7KC9" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Hacker-engineers and Their Economies: The Political Economy of Decentralised Networks and ‘Cryptoeconomics'</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jaya Klara Brekke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Research by political economists typically highlights
policymakers, regulators, economists and consultants as the makers of
economies. This paper foregrounds a different actor entirely, what I
call the ‘hacker-engineer' as an important protagonist in the making of
decentralised digital network economies that are forged through the
emerging field of ‘cryptoeconomics' and blockchain and other distributed
ledger technologies. Responding to critical literature stating that
blockchain and ‘cryptoeconomics' merely extend neoliberal processes of
economisation, the paper recovers the neglected hacker culture of
cypherpunk and histories of peer-to-peer decentralised networks in order
to foreground concerns that depart from the continuation of economics
and economies as usual. Hacker-engineers are dedicated to
decentralisation as a ‘disruptive' response to network control and
surveillance, and share a pragmatist sensibility that seeks to make
decentralised networks ‘work' in order to provide informational security
and privacy. While further broadening the range of agents that provide
the focus for political economy research into the production of
economies, the paper also draws attention to the technical decisions of
hacker-engineers that attempt to reconfigure the material
infrastructures of digital economies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>646–659</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>New Political Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2020.1806223">10.1080/13563467.2020.1806223</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14699923</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>digital economies</li>
<li>cryptoeconomics</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>decentralisation</li>
<li>disruption</li>
<li>Hacker-engineer</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DXY6L9ZN" class="item document">
<h2>Half of ICOs Die Within Four Months After Token Sales Finalized</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Olga Kharif</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-09/half-of-icos-die-within-four-months-after-token-sales-finalized">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-09/half-of-icos-die-within-four-months-after-token-sales-finalized</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Bloomberg.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Bloomberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_G4SGZM9N" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Hayek and the cryptocurrency revolution</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Sanz Bas</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The emergence of cryptocurrencies has been one of the most
notable monetary phenomenon of the last decade. Many academics and
analysts have found a clear precedent to this event in Friedrich Hayek's
latest monetary work, Denationalization of money. The aim of this
article is to analyze what we can learn about cryptocurrencies by
re-reading this book. As will be proven, Hayek would surely have
rejected the idea that Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies with similar
characteristics could be accepted as money in the market. Furthermore,
this paper will prove that a very close connection between Stablecoins
and private money exists, following the Austrian economist's predictions
in a context of monetary competition.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>15–28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.5209/ijhe.69403">10.5209/ijhe.69403</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2386-5768</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Stablecoins</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>e42</li>
<li>jel classification</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>currency competition</li>
<li>b31</li>
<li>criptomonedas ha sido uno</li>
<li>de las criptomonedas</li>
<li>de los fenómenos monetarios</li>
<li>e14</li>
<li>es</li>
<li>hayek</li>
<li>Hayek</li>
<li>hayek y la revolución</li>
<li>la irrupción de las</li>
<li>más notables de la</li>
<li>muchos</li>
<li>resumen</li>
<li>stablecoins</li>
<li>última década</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WUKS5AVD" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Here Be Dragons – Maintaining Trust in the Technologized Public Sector</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Balázs Bodó</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Heleen Janssen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Emerging technologies, such as AI systems, distributed
ledgers, but also private e-commerce and telecommunication platforms
have permeated every aspect of our social, economic, political
relations. Various bodies of the state, from education, via law
enforcement to healthcare also increasingly rely on technical components
to provide cheap, efficient public services, and supposedly fair,
transparent, disinterested, accountable public administration. Most of
these technical components are provided by private parties who designed,
developed, trained, and maintain the technical components of public
infrastructures. The rapid, and often unplanned, and uncontrolled
technologization of public services (as happened, for example in the
rapid adoption of distance learning and teleconferencing systems during
the COVID lockdowns) inseparably link the perception of the quality,
trustworthiness, effectiveness of public services and the public bodies
which provision them to the successes and failures of their private,
technological components: if the government's welfare fraud AI system
fails, it is the confidence in the governments which is ultimately
hit.In this contribution we explore how the use of potentially
untrustworthy private technological systems in the public sector may
affect the trust in government. We argue that citizens' and business'
trust in government is a valuable asset, which came under assault from
many dimensions. The increasing reliance on private technical components
in government is in part a response to protect this trust, but in many
cases, it opens up new forms of threats and vulnerabilities, because the
trustworthiness of many of these private technical systems is, at best,
questionable, particularly where it is deployed in the context of
public sector trust contexts. We consider a number of policy options to
protect the trust in government even if some of their technological
components are fundamentally untrustworthy.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3868208">10.2139/ssrn.3868208</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
<li>ai</li>
<li>emerging technologies</li>
<li>public policy</li>
<li>risk-based policy</li>
<li>trust</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YA3PLZDG" class="item webpage">
<h2>How Cryptocurrency Revolutionized the White Supremacist Movement</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Micahel Hayden</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Megan Squire</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/12/09/how-cryptocurrency-revolutionized-white-supremacist-movement">https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/12/09/how-cryptocurrency-revolutionized-white-supremacist-movement</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:14:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Souther Poverty Law Center</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:14:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:15:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_6TTBACVT">How Cryptocurrency Revolutionized the White Supremacist Movement | Southern Poverty Law Center </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SJ9Y3RFG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>How dirty money disappears into the black hole of cryptocurrency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Justin Scheck</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shane Shifflett</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Wall Street Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_MHIRHD6H" class="item webpage">
<h2>How Dirty Money Disappears Into the Black Hole of Cryptocurrency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Justin Scheck</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-dirty-money-disappears-into-the-black-hole-of-cryptocurrency-1538149743#refreshed">https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-dirty-money-disappears-into-the-black-hole-of-cryptocurrency-1538149743#refreshed</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:03:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:03:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:36:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_7L5HAYQY" class="item webpage">
<h2>How Dirty Money Disappears Into the Black Hole of Cryptocurrency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/how-dirty-money-disappears-into-the-black-hole-of-cryptocurrency-1538149743">https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/how-dirty-money-disappears-into-the-black-hole-of-cryptocurrency-1538149743</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:04:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:04:04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:37:03</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_WLNLDVU6">How Dirty Money Disappears Into the Black Hole of Cryptocurrency - WSJ </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_S42QBH7W" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>How metaphors matter: an ethnography of blockchain-based re-descriptions of the world</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sandra Faustino</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper explores the role of metaphors in the production of
re-descriptions of the world within the framework of technological
design processes. Drawing on a collaborative ethnography with the
Economic Space Agency (ECSA), a start-up developing post-blockchain
technology, this paper illustrates how metaphors mimic the toponymy of
decentralized material infrastructures, while simultaneously pushing
forward ‘posthuman' values that are expected to become fixated through
software. Through an analysis of a ‘collection' of metaphors produced by
ECSA, this paper sheds light on the work performed by specific
vocabularies, within technological communities, in shaping a symbiotic
relationship between futuristic politics and material culture.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>478–490</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Cultural Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2019.1629330">10.1080/17530350.2019.1629330</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17530369</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>performativity</li>
<li>blockchain technology</li>
<li>language</li>
<li>Metaphor</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9BA3AWSR" class="item webpage">
<h2>How to Build a Better Internet: 10 Principles for World leaders Shaping the Future of Web3</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tomicah Tillemann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>James Rathmell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The year 2021 marked a watershed moment for web3. Significant
numbers of policymakers began to grasp the potential of web3 to
democratize access to opportunity, provide individuals with more control
of their data, and build a better internet. In the …</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-07T17:11:16-08:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>How to Build a Better Internet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://a16z.com/2022/01/07/how-to-build-a-better-internet-10-principles-for-world-leaders-shaping-the-future-of-web3/">https://a16z.com/2022/01/07/how-to-build-a-better-internet-10-principles-for-world-leaders-shaping-the-future-of-web3/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 10:57:54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: cryptocurrencies &amp; blockchains</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Andreessen Horowitz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 10:57:54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 10:57:54</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_EJH99N3P">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_JX9HEMPN" class="item webpage">
<h2>How to Destroy Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-07-13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/destroy-bitcoin.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/destroy-bitcoin.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:56:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:56:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:43:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_M6M7MUST">How to Destroy Bitcoin </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZBQLRMS3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>How to Make Sure My Cryptokitties Are Here Forever? The Complementary Roles of Blockchain and the Law to Bring Trust</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Charlotte Ducuing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Under the phrase "code is law" and based on its "trustless
trust", blockchain has emerged as a disrupting technology considered by
some as an alternative to the law. Based on a study of real-life
blockchain-based decentralised applications (Dapps), this article takes
blockchain developers at their word and adopts the point of view of
users: can blockchain live up to its promise and enable them to transact
with each other without the need for the trust granted by the law? The
article particularly highlights that users need to be able to ascertain
that a self-advertised Dapp indeed qualifies as one. Blockchain
technology may make it possible to do away with trust in third parties,
but this is not enough. Users also need to trust that an alleged Dapp
genuinely is one, and blockchain alone cannot provide this. Beyond
Dapps, it is argued that blockchain needs the complementary role of the
law to deliver its promises and especially to authenticate blockchain
"virtues". The EU certification mark is identified as a promising form
of co-regulation for that purpose.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>315–329</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>European Journal of Risk Regulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1017/err.2019.39">10.1017/err.2019.39</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21908249</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MPB383D6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>How to Sell NFTs Without Really Trying</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Brian L. Frye</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3930430</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3930430">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3930430</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Harvard Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law, Forthcoming</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3930430">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3930430</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_GENERAL</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_P7IE9X7D" class="item webpage">
<h2>How Venture Capitalists Think Crypto Will Reshape Commerce</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>From banking to gaming, investors are sending billions of
dollars to crypto inventors who seek to disrupt industries. Here’s a
look at some of those bets.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-10-29T18:47:20.000Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/29/us/politics/crypto-currency-venture-capitalists.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/29/us/politics/crypto-currency-venture-capitalists.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:28:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: U.S.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:28:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:29:33</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_TSXGHD9N">
<div><p>Paywall</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_EVWY7ECZ">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_JVE7X7C4" class="item attachment">
<h2>How-to-Win-the-Future-1.pdf</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Attachment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://a16z.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/How-to-Win-the-Future-1.pdf">https://a16z.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/How-to-Win-the-Future-1.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:43:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:43:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:44:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div><p>a16z's policy agenda for the third generation of the internet. October 2021.</p></div>
</li>
<li id="item_TJ7SZ37H" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Humans and technology: Forms of conjoined agency in organizations</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex Murray</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jen Rhymer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David G. Sirmon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Organizations are increasingly deploying technologies that
have the ability to parse through large amounts of data, acquire skills
and knowledge, and operate autonomously. These technologies diverge from
prior technologies in their capacity to exercise intentionality over
protocol development or action selection in the practice of
organizational routines, thereby affecting organizations in newand
distinctways. In this article,we categorize four forms of conjoined
agency between humans and technologies: (1) conjoined agency with
assisting technologies, (2) conjoined agency with arresting
technologies, (3) conjoined agency with augmenting technologies, and (4)
conjoined agencywith automating technologies. We then theorize on the
different ways in which these forms of conjoined agency impact a
routine's change at a particular moment in time as well as a routine's
responsiveness to feedback over time. In doing so, we elaborate on how
organizations may evolve in varied and diverse ways based on the form(s)
of conjoined agency they deploy in their organizational design choices.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Academy of Management Briarcliff Manor, NY</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>552–571</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Academy of Management Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0186">10.5465/amr.2019.0186</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>03637425</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_UV7FMGG2" class="item document">
<h2>Hyperledger Fabric Documentation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/">https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Hyperledger Foundation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_V58N6EUA" class="item webpage">
<h2>Ice-Nine for Markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-11-23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/ice-nine.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/ice-nine.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:44:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_BS2359W7">Ice-Nine for Markets </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WBWWP45M" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Ideologies and Imaginaries in Blockchain Communities: The Case of Ethereum</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ann Brody</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stéphane Couture</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Background: Academic literature on blockchains has focused on
Bitcoin, which is traditionallyassociated with right-wing
libertarianism. This article looks at Ethereum, an alternative that
emerged in Canada and is now the second most used blockchain technology
after Bitcoin. Analysis: Using participatory observation supplemented
with publicly available material, this article examines the ideologies
and imaginaries surrounding Ethereum and how they are articulated with
its technical design.Conclusion and implications: Ethereum's design
ostensibly widens the ideological spectrum of cryptocurrency while
“masking” certain currency ideologies still prominent within it. This
complicates the distinction seen in the literature between blockchain as
currency and blockchain as media and points to the increasing need to
study non-currency-based blockchain technologies. Contexte : La
recherche sur les blockchains s'est surtout attardé à Bitcoin, en
l'associant aux idéologies libertariennes. Cet article aborde Ethereum,
la technologie de blockchain la plus utilisée après Bitcoin.Analyse :
Basé sur l'observation participante et du matériel publiquement
accessible, l'article analyse les idéologies et imaginaires entourant
Ethereum et leur articulation avec son design technique.Conclusion et
implications : Ethereum élargit le spectre idéologique des blockchains
tout en «masquant» certaines idéologies monétaires toujours
proéminentes. Cela complique la distinction énoncée dans la littérature
entre blockchains comme monnaie et blockchains comme média, etc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Canadian Journal of Communication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2021v46n3a3701">10.22230/cjc.2021v46n3a3701</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0705-3657</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VVRZ9TVK" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Ideology, attitudinal positioning, and the blockchain: a social
semiotic approach to understanding the values construed in the
whitepapers of blockchain start-ups</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Olivia Inwood</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michele Zappavigna</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Recent work on algorithmic bias has shown that understanding
the values embedded in technology design processes is important for
avoiding social harm. This paper explores the attitudes construed in
whitepapers of blockchain technology start-ups. Blockchain technology is
a relatively new phenomenon that has informed discourses about the
future of governance and economics in relation to the internet. This
study aims to understand the values discursively construed in the
whitepapers of four blockchain start-ups: Steemit, Creativechain,
Democracy Earth, and Bitnation. It adopts a corpus linguistics approach,
and uses the Appraisal framework (Martin, J. R., and P. R. R. White.
2005. The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. New York:
Palgrave Macmillan) to analyse the evaluative meanings expressed in the
whitepaper dataset. This analysis reveals that the blockchain start-ups
manifest shared values around the concepts of decentralisation, trust in
algorithms, and trust in individuals over institutions. The start-ups
enact different political orientations, expressing ideals related to the
digital commons, cyber-libertarianism, and capitalism. The corpus-based
linguistic analysis used in this study offers a method that may be
applicable to other areas of technology discourse where whitepapers and
design documents tend to embed covert political and ideological
positions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Social Semiotics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2021.1877995">10.1080/10350330.2021.1877995</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14701219</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>appraisal framework</li>
<li>internet politics</li>
<li>social semiotics</li>
<li>start-ups</li>
<li>whitepapers</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_66SGIWSV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Ignorance, debt, and cryptocurrencies: The old and the new in the law and economics of concurrent currencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hossein Nabilou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>André Prüm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Cryptocurrencies are expected to have a significant impact on
banking, finance, and monetary systems. Due to the uncertainty as to the
possible future trajectories of the evolving cryptocurrency ecosystem,
governments have taken a relatively hands-off approach to regulating
such currencies. This approach may be justified within the theoretical
information-economics framework of this paper, which draws parallels
between the information economics of money and quasi-money creation
within the current central banking, commercial banking, and shadow
banking systems with that of the cryptocurrency ecosystem. In
particular, drawing lessons from the literature on the role of
information in creating 'safe assets', in this paper the authors find
that by building on symmetric (common) knowledge as to the inner
workings of the Bitcoin Blockchain-though in a different way-BTC
possesses a degree of endogenous information insensitivity typical of
safe assets. This endogenous information insensitivity could support
BTC's promise of maturing into a viable store of value and a niche
medium of exchange. This finding should not be overlooked in the policy
discussions for potential future regulatory interventions in the
cryptocurrency ecosystem.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>29–63</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Financial Regulation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/jfr/fjz002">10.1093/jfr/fjz002</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>20534841</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>Information asymmetry</li>
<li>Money</li>
<li>Safe asset</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TCNBDWZT" class="item webpage">
<h2>IMF urges El Salvador to ditch bitcoin as legal tender | Financial Times</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christine Murray</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/fbf9aef0-453f-4e61-bd83-ff2b2bc92221">https://www.ft.com/content/fbf9aef0-453f-4e61-bd83-ff2b2bc92221</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 11:56:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 11:56:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 11:56:50</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_3QDAQGIM">IMF urges El Salvador to ditch bitcoin as legal tender | Financial Times </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YKUNIZ5C" class="item thesis">
<h2>In blockchain they trust – Now, power to the people or to the invisible hand?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mateo Peyrouzet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This dissertation provides an analysis of the ideological
component behind the crypto-anarchist enthusiasm for the highly topical
emerging technology of distributed ledger technology, commonly known as
‘blockchain'. Philosophy of technology scholars have drawn attention to
the fact that technologies can possess political properties and serve to
reinforce or challenge power structures. Public blockchains have an
unquestionable social and political character due to their capacity to
facilitate the emergence of cryptographic, decentralized and reliable
peer-to-peer networks. The exponential adoption of this disruptive
technology, which is poised to cause transformational changes across
socio-technical systems and organizational structures, means that both
its political properties and the ideological forces behind its
development as a political technology must be recognized. Accordingly,
this dissertation engages with some of the most ideologically-driven
projects aiming to tap into blockchain's political and economic
potential, namely those of Bitcoin, FairCoin, Democracy Earth and
Bitnation. These projects exemplify what is posited as the main
ideological cleavage within crypto-anarchism, which revolves around the
privileged agent and vision that should be empowered and trusted to
capture the decentralizing potential offered by blockchain technology.
The paper offers an original contribution by conceptualizing the
cleavage as separating; ‘crypto-libertarians', whose neo-Hobbesian
individualistic vision sees the invisible hand of the free market as the
privileged agent driving a trustless technology; and
‘crypto-commonists', whose collectivist vision regards blockchain as a
trust-enabling technology that should be used to facilitate
collaborative economic paradigms and participatory forms of e-democracy.
The dissertation concludes that while both strands of blockchain
enthusiasts have a shared interest in promoting personal privacy,
radical transparency, and eroding the authority of nation-states, their
diametrically opposed views on human nature and socio-economic
organization seem presently irreconcilable. The research undertaken for
this paper has covered a substantial breadth of the existing academic
material concerning the philosophy and politics of blockchain
technology, consulting books, journals, white papers and online
articles. This dissertation contributes with an ideological
conceptualization to the fields of techno-politics and blockch \ldots
View full abstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.academia.edu/38081197/In_blockchain_they_trust_Now_power_to_the_people_or_to_the_invisible_hand">https://www.academia.edu/38081197/In_blockchain_they_trust_Now_power_to_the_people_or_to_the_invisible_hand</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://www.academia.edu/38081197/In_blockchain_they_trust_Now_power_to_the_people_or_to_the_invisible_hand
Issue: May</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>68</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8RWH5FLE" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>In code (rs) we trust: Software developers as fiduciaries in public blockchains</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Angela Walch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Chapter in Regulating Blockchain. Techno-Social and Legal Challenges, edited …</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:32:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:32:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_28JYN7JL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>In digital we trust: Bitcoin discourse, digital currencies, and decentralized network fetishism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jon Baldwin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Palgrave</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Palgrave Communications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_EFA2HE2V" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Increasing standardization for smart(er) contracts</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tarek Kadour Aleinieh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Laura Zoboli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Legal standardization traditionally played an important role
in contractual relations. With technological and commercial development
and expansion of trade from the individual and collective levels to
internationalization, it became necessary to create a set of standards
to keep pace with this development and facilitate the contractual
process. Although smart contracts are considered a leap in the
contractual relationship, it cannot be overlooked that these contracts
share many characteristics with traditional contracts. To gain a greater
position in the global market, smart contracts also need to be well
functioning and efficient. In this context, the article tackles the
phenomenon of legal standardization and identifies the main weaknesses
of smart contracts—to answer two crucial questions: how can these
contracts be smarter, and how should we employ standardization to ensure
their efficiency?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>583–598</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Uniform Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unab022">10.1093/ulr/unab022</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1124-3694</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5IERYWQH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Informed consent and the Facebook emotional manipulation study</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Catherine Flick</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>14–28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Research Ethics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_PDP26YUQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Infrastructures of trust and distrust: The politics and ethics of emerging cryptographic technologies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Maja Hojer Bruun</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Astrid Oberborbeck Andersen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Adrienne Mannov</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The authors of this article are engaged in anthropological
research on the links between the growing interest in privacy and data
security as a technical field and how notions of trust, security and
accountability are practised in and beyond technical fields of
cryptography, specifically a field called multi-party computation (MPC).
They pursue the relationship between trust in different forms of
cryptography – academic and activist – and notions of trust as they are
articulated in relation to data security and the protection of citizens'
data. There is a tension between the concerns raised in public debates
about data security and the promises of emerging cryptographic
protocols. In political speeches and public debates, citizens' trust
that governments and tech companies will protect their data is framed as
important and essential. In the environments of emerging cryptographic
technologies, such as blockchains, bitcoin and MPC, a promise to provide
‘trustless trust' and abandon the need for trusted intermediaries,
authorities and institutions is articulated.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Wiley Online Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>13–17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Anthropology Today</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12562">10.1111/1467-8322.12562</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14678322</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7UD5F7PE" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Initial coin offerings: Financing growth with cryptocurrency token sales</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sabrina T Howell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marina Niessner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Yermack</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Review of Financial Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_WHDWQB2K" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Initial coin offerings: Linking technology and financialization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthew Zook</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael H. Grote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper elaborates on the interactions between digital
technologies and financial practices and how they contribute to the
ongoing process of financialization. We focus on the circumstances of
blockchain-based token offerings and their contribution to reshaping
existing systems of investment in startups. We show how future clients
become investors via the initial coin offering (ICO) process. The paper
is based on interviews with blockchain and industry practitioners during
2018 and 2019 and focuses on an in-depth case study of a specific ICO
in early 2018. We suggest a framework consisting of catalysts, cracks
and voids to analyze the financialization process and to inform theories
of how financialization advances through the new spaces afforded by
socially constructed technologies upon which entrepreneurs capitalize.
With this framework we provide a better understanding of the mechanics
behind financialization, particularly the ways in which business
processes, and larger social relations such as the role of investors and
clients, are reimagined and reworked.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1560–1582</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Environment and Planning A</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X20954440">10.1177/0308518X20954440</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14723409</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
<li>financialization</li>
<li>initial coin offering</li>
<li>savedroid</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TNF2XJN6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Inside the Cult of Crypto</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Siddharth Venkataramakrishnan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/9e787670-6aa7-4479-934f-f4a9fedf4829">https://www.ft.com/content/9e787670-6aa7-4479-934f-f4a9fedf4829</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_PFBLSSZA" class="item webpage">
<h2>Internet blimps are coming to Zanzibar. But can a UK company succeed where Google failed?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tom Page CNN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>UK startup World Mobile is bringing a land-air internet network to Zanzibar using aerostats -- blimp-like balloons.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/12/africa/world-mobile-internet-balloon-zanzibar-spc-intl/index.html">https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/12/africa/world-mobile-internet-balloon-zanzibar-spc-intl/index.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:27:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>CNN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:27:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:30:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Africa</li>
<li>Cardano</li>
<li>connectivity</li>
<li>Solana</li>
<li>Zanzibar</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_JXZPY7TX">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MZBGKJIM" class="item webpage">
<h2>Internet Guru Tim O'Reilly on Web3: "Get Ready for the Crash"</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dan Patterson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Tech luminary who coined the term "Web 2.0" on cryptocurrency, NFTs and blockchain: "It's kind of like a pyramid scheme."</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>Internet guru Tim O'Reilly on Web3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/web3-cryptocurrency-nft-tim-oreilly/">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/web3-cryptocurrency-nft-tim-oreilly/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:26:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>CBS News</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:26:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:13:19</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_9TBXYYGR">
<div><p>Tim O'Reilly is an internet pioneer/Silicon Valley legend</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_HXF9D6EF">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ASKU4NJX" class="item webpage">
<h2>Internet Guru Tim O’Reilly: Crypto and NFTs Are 'Pretty Serious Speculative Bubble'</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Emily Tonelli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Tim O’Reilly, the man who coined the term Web 2.0, is unimpressed by Web3. It's “a long way from prime time,” he said.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://decrypt.co/92676/internet-guru-tim-oreilly-crypto-nfts-serious-speculative-bubble">https://decrypt.co/92676/internet-guru-tim-oreilly-crypto-nfts-serious-speculative-bubble</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:25:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: News</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Decrypt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:25:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:07:38</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_G9L7GJ96">
<div><p>Tim O'Reilly is an internet pioneer/Silicon Valley legend</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_N9Z2R8JR">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QXFXUGQF" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Interrogating the promises and perils of climate cryptogovernance: Blockchain discourses in international climate politics</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jed Hull</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Aarti Gupta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sanneke Kloppenburg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article interrogates the assumed promises and perils of
climate cryptogovernance or deployment of cryptographic technology
(i.e., blockchain) within climate governance. We distill how climate
cryptogovernance is being discussed by influential climate policy
actors, and the implications for reinforcing or challenging how climate
governance currently occurs. Specifically, through discourse analysis,
we explore how blockchain technology is presented in the communications
of international organisations and multistakeholder initiatives in the
climate policy space. We identify a dominant storyline being advanced
that views blockchain as an enabler of ambitious climate action, through
its potential to enhance the reliability, transparency, accountability,
and democratic quality of climate governance. We critically interrogate
each of these component elements of the dominant storyline, arguing
that, taken as a whole, they tend to privilege a technocratic,
market-oriented approach to climate governance. We conclude by
reflecting on whether this risks reinforcing a problematic
‘post-political' turn in environmental governance in the future.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2021.100117">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2021.100117</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier B.V.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>100117</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Earth System Governance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2021.100117">10.1016/j.esg.2021.100117</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25898116</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
<li>A</li>
<li>climate cryptogovernance</li>
<li>Climate cryptogovernance</li>
<li>Transparency</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AUYH35GQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Intersecting imaginaries: Visions of decentralized autonomous systems</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Caitlin Lustig</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Sociotechnical imaginaries are futures that people envision
might be possible and desirable. They have a real impact on how systems
are designed and what values they have embedded in their design. This
article examines imaginaries about autonomous systems, decentralized
systems, and decentralized autonomous systems. Through a discussion of
the literature on autonomous and decentralized systems and how these
imaginaries play out in the blockchain community based on my qualitative
research, I demonstrate how decentralized autonomous systems are
related to imaginaries about the organization of and the future of work.
I identify three framings of imaginaries about autonomous systems: (1)
autonomous technology as physical objects, (2) as mathematical rules,
and (3) as artificial mangers. I also identify two sometimes conflicting
framings of imaginaries about distributed and decentralized technology:
these technologies as a new form of production and as freedom from
control. These imaginaries intersect in decentralized autonomous
systems, and I examine what they can tell us about the design and
governance of such technologies. Lastly, I suggest ways of using the
concept of imaginaries in participatory design.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1145/3359312">10.1145/3359312</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>CSCW</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25730142</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
<li>Distributed systems</li>
<li>Autonomous systems</li>
<li>Decentralized autonomous systems</li>
<li>Imaginaries</li>
<li>Participatory design</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9WM97HIL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Investor attention in cryptocurrency markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>L. A. Smales</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>We examine the relationship between investor attention, and
measures of uncertainty, with the market dynamics of Bitcoin and other
cryptocurrencies. We find that increases in investor attention are
associated with higher returns, more volatility, and greater illiquidity
in cryptocurrency markets. In contrast, cryptocurrency uncertainty
(UCRY) and financial market uncertainty (VIX) are also positively
related to volatility and illiquidity but have a negative
contemporaneous relationship with returns. The identified relationships
are accentuated during the COVID-pandemic, and are robust to different
measures of investor attention, volatility, and illiquidity. Our results
suggest that monitoring investor attention could assist both investors
and policymakers.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>79</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101972</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Review of Financial Analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101972">10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101972</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>10575219</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>Google search volume</li>
<li>Investor attention</li>
<li>Uncertainty</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ECPF75EQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Is bitcoin a safe haven or a hedging asset? Evidence from China</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gangjin Wang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yanping Tang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chi Xie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shou Chen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Based on daily data about Bitcoin and six other major
financial assets (stocks, commodity futures (commodities), gold, foreign
exchange (FX), monetary assets, and bonds) in China from 2013 to 2017,
we use a VAR-GARCH-BEKK model to investigate mean and volatility
spillover effects between Bitcoin and other major assets and explore
whether Bitcoin can be used either as a hedging asset or a safe haven.
Our empirical results show that (i) only the monetary market, i.e., the
Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate (SHIIBOR) has a mean spillover effect on
Bitcoin and (ii) gold, monetary, and bond markets have volatility
spillover effects on Bitcoin, while Bitcoin has a volatility spillover
effect only on the gold market. We further find that Bitcoin can be
hedged against stocks, bonds and SHIBOR and is a safe haven when extreme
price changes occur in the monetary market. Our findings provide useful
information for investors and portfolio risk managers who have invested
or hedged with Bitcoin.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>173–188</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Management Science and Engineering</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmse.2019.09.001">10.1016/j.jmse.2019.09.001</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25895532</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>Safe haven</li>
<li>Hedging asset</li>
<li>Spillover effects</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NGSDPSLT" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Is Bitcoin Really Untethered?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>John M Griffin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Amin Shams</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Wiley Online Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>75</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1913–1964</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Journal of Finance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_YRP23625" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Is code law? Current legal and technical adoption issues and remedies for blockchain-enabled smart contracts</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniel Drummer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk Neumann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology has enabled so-called smart contracts
between different parties on a decentralized network. These
self-enforceable and self-executable computerized contracts could
initiate a fundamental paradigm shift in the understanding and
functioning of our legal practices. Opportunities for their application
are increasingly understood, and numerous tests of feasibility have been
completed. However, only very few use cases have yet been implemented
at scale. This article—as the first of its kind—comprehensively analyzes
the underlying challenges and locates a key reason for the slow
adoption in the discrepancy between legal requirements and IT
capabilities. Our work combines a wide range of academic sources and
interviews with 30 domain experts from IT, the legal domain and private
industry. First, we establish that smart contracts still fall within the
boundaries of the general legal framework. We then systematically
dissect current shortcomings of smart contracts on three distinct
levels, namely, (1) how smart contracts are likely to cause conflicts
with existing laws, (2) how smart contracts are intrinsically limited on
an individual contract level and (3) how they are impeded by their
current technical design. Across those levels, we dissect 20 distinct
issues concerning the current implementation of smart contracts for
which we derive potential remedies. We further outline implications for
policy-makers as well as IT management, and examine how information
systems research can play an important role in advancing smart
contracts. Finally, we show how managerial and organizational issues
might represent an ongoing challenge for the widespread adoption of
smart contracts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>337–360</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Information Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0268396220924669">10.1177/0268396220924669</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14664437</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>smart contracts</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
<li>information systems</li>
<li>legal</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_GZQKAXPH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Is Ethereum the New iOS? Exploring the Platform Economy of Decentralized Finance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benedikt C. Eikmanns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Pascal Mehrwald</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Isabell M. Welpe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Philipp G. Sandner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Similar to mobile operating systems, public blockchain
infrastructures, such as Ethereum, represent a platform for the
development of software applications. Since 2020, we observe the
emergence of a rapidly evolving ecosystem of blockchain-based
applications called Decentralized Finance (DeFi), which aspires to
challenge traditional finance and associated business models. To explore
the economic structures that constitute DeFi, we follow an
interdisciplinary approach, supplementing information systems (IS)
research with strategic management literature. We apply the theoretical
lens of strategic groups to identify platform-specific dimensions and
conceptualize DeFi as a hierarchical structured platform economy
consisting of four strategic groups, namely 1) Token Management
Applications, 2) Protocol Platforms, 3) Aggregation Platforms, and 4)
Decentralized Financial Services Solutions. Further, we give a market
overview of DeFi applications and discover archetypal attributes of the
respective groups. Lastly, we present an integrated framework for the
analysis of software-based platform ecosystems and derive areas for
future research.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3992625">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3992625</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3992625">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3992625</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7WRRTW4F" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Is non-fungible token pricing driven by cryptocurrencies?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael Dowling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102097</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Finance Research Letters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:04:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:04:42</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_TBXH8I6L" class="item webpage">
<h2>It's not still the early days</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>When I speak about the inefficiency of popular blockchains, or mention that we seem to be hurtling towards a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-us</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://blog.mollywhite.net/its-not-still-the-early-days/">https://blog.mollywhite.net/its-not-still-the-early-days/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:56:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Molly White</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:56:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:56:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_ATVJ3M5A">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_V4HWIXS5" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>Key World Energy Statistics 2019</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Backup Publisher: IEA Paris, France</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>International Energy Agency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_HCZ7J9VG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>La technologie Blockchain et la promesse crypto-divine d'en finir avec les tiers</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Katrin Becker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://classiques-garnier.com/etudes-digitales-2018-2-n-6-religiosite-technologique-ii-la-technologie-blockchain-et-la-promesse-crypto-divine-d-en-finir-avec-les-tiers.html">https://classiques-garnier.com/etudes-digitales-2018-2-n-6-religiosite-technologique-ii-la-technologie-blockchain-et-la-promesse-crypto-divine-d-en-finir-avec-les-tiers.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>33–52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Études digitales</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_T5BNT2V9" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Labour, Justice and the Mechanization of Interpretation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Larry Lohmann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The biggest frontier of mechanization of the past 10 years has
been the automation, broadly speaking, of interpretation. This includes
recognition (for example, image recognition technologies used by
security services), translation (Google Translate), searching for
information (search engines), understanding (‘predictive algorithms'
that learn what books or movies you will like or what kind of propaganda
will appeal to you, as used by Amazon, Netflix, or the Donald Trump
campaign), trust (blockchain technologies such as Bitcoin), and
negotiation (‘smart contracts' as pioneered by firms such as Ethereum).
This article explores how these technologies benefit business and why
they have come to prominence now, the ways they degrade and exhaust the
work of both humans and nonhumans, the parallels with earlier uses of
machines to discipline and extract value from labour, and the
implications for social movement strategy. The article also suggests
some directions for research.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>62</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>43–52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Development (Basingstoke)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-019-00207-2">10.1057/s41301-019-00207-2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1-4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>02122448</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>Energy</li>
<li>Technology</li>
<li>Climate change</li>
<li>Internet</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>Algorithms</li>
<li>Contract law</li>
<li>Interpretation</li>
<li>Labour</li>
<li>Mechanization</li>
<li>Translation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_G4PL6XAH" class="item book">
<h2>Law, technology and dispute resolution: The privatisation of coercion</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Riikka Koulu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The use of new information and communication technologies both
inside the courts and in private online dispute resolution services is
quickly changing everyday conflict management. However, the implications
of the increasingly disruptive role of technology in dispute resolution
remain largely undiscussed. In this book, assistant professor of law
and digitalisation Riikka Koulu examines the multifaceted phenomenon of
dispute resolution technology, focusing specifically on private
enforcement, which modern technology enables on an unforeseen scale. The
increase in private enforcement confounds legal structures and
challenges the nation-state's monopoly on violence. And, in this
respect, the author argues that the technology-driven privatisation of
enforcement - from direct enforcement of e-commerce platforms to
self-executing smart contracts in the blockchain - brings the ethics of
law's coercive nature out into the open. This development constitutes a
new, and dangerous, grey area of conflict management, which calls for
transparency and public debate on the ethical implications of dispute
resolution technology.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Law, Technology and Dispute Resolution: The Privatisation of Coercion
DOI: 10.4324/9781315149479</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<td>978-1-351-37040-0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>1–220</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6WDGV9CH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Legal Engineering on the Blockchain: ‘Smart Contracts' as Legal Conduct</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jake Goldenfein</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrea Leiter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>A new legal field is emerging around blockchain platforms and
automated transactions. Understanding the relationships between law,
legal enforcement, and these technological systems has become critical
for scaling blockchain applications. Because ‘smart contracts' do not
themselves constitute agreements, the first necessary ‘legal'
development for transacting with these technologies involves linking
computational transactions to natural language contracts. Various groups
have accordingly begun building libraries of machine readable
transaction modules that correspond to natural language contracting
elements. In doing so, they are creating the building blocks for ever
more complex transactions that will ultimately define the entire
envelope of computational legal conduct in these environments, and
likely standardise the field. However, also critical to emerging
blockchain ‘legalities', is the capacity for dispute resolution and
legal enforcement. Beyond the performance of parties, or the quality of
goods and services transacted, new mechanisms are also needed to address
the performance of the computational transaction systems themselves.
Such mechanisms are necessary to address the reality that smart
contracts cannot be forced to perform actions beyond the parameters of
their coding, even by a judicial order. Legal tools, both technological
and institutional, are thus being developed to ‘soften' the effects of
self-executing transactions. In this article we treat these developments
as law-making practices that are constitutive of an emerging legal
field. Legal engineering exercises of this kind are not novel, and by
drawing on historic examples from the common law and international
arbitration, we gain insights into the competitive dynamics likely to be
shaping legal engagements on the blockchain.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>141–149</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Law and Critique</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-018-9224-0">10.1007/s10978-018-9224-0</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15728617</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Smart contracts</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>Arbitration</li>
<li>Automation</li>
<li>Dispute resolution</li>
<li>Emerging norms</li>
<li>Jurisdiction</li>
<li>Law and technology</li>
<li>Legal standards</li>
<li>Platform law</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NYQUNCWL" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Legal Regulation of Crypto-Asset Markets in the EU in the Post-COVID Period</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Maxim I Inozemtsev</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83561-3_22%0A">https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83561-3_22%0A</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83561-3_22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>315–326</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Post-COVID Economic Revival, Volume I</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6LRSSBXD" class="item thesis">
<h2>Levels of Decentralization and Trust in Cryptocurrencies: Consensus, Governance and Applications</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sarah Azouvi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Since the apparition of Bitcoin, decentralization has become
an ideal praised almost religiously. Indeed, removing the need for a
central authority prevents many forms of abuse that could be performed
by a trusted third party, especially when there are no transparency and
accountability mechanisms in place. Decentralization is however a very
subtle concept that has limits. In this thesis, we look at the
decentralization of blockchains at three different levels. First we look
at the consensus protocol, which is the heart of any decentralized
system. The Nakamoto protocol, used by Bitcoin, has been shown to induce
centralization through the shift to mining pools. Additionally, it is
heavily criticized for the enormous amount of energy it requires. We
propose a protocol, Fantômette, that incorporates incentives at its core
and that consumes much less energy than Bitcoin and other proof-of-work
based cryptocurrencies. If the consensus protocol makes it possible to
decentralize the enforcement of rules in a cryptocurrency, there is
still the question of who decides on the rules. Indeed, if a central
authority is able to determine what those rules are then the fact that
they are enforced in a decentralized way does not make it a
decentralized system. We study the governance structure of Bitcoin and
Ethereum by making measurements of their GitHub repositories and
providing quantitative ways to compare their level of centralization by
using appropriate metrics based on centrality measures. Finally, many
applications are now built on top of blockchains. These can also induce
or straightforwardly lead to centralization, for example by requiring
that users register their identities to comply with regulations. We show
how identities can be registered on blockchains in a decentralized and
privacy-preserving way.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10139069/">https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10139069/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10139069/</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>University</th>
<td>University College London</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CGEHWFZU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Innovative Climate Finance under the Green Climate Fund</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Karsten Schulz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marian Feist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The rapid development of digital technologies such as
blockchain and distributed ledger-based systems holds transformative
potential for the financial sector. Promising applications include asset
management as well as peer-to-peer networks for the transparent
exchange of data and information. International climate finance stands
to benefit in particular ways from these new opportunities in financial
technology. Distributed ledger technologies could be leveraged to
support climate action, for example by facilitating transparent and
standardized transactions, or by enabling more efficient monitoring and
accreditation processes. In view of these promising opportunities, we
focus our inquiry on the case of the Green Climate Fund to explore how
distributed ledger technologies can be used for innovative climate
finance. Based on our analysis of different digital system models and
potential use cases, we then discuss some of the technical and political
challenges that may arise, for example with regard to standards and
safeguards, governance processes, country ownership, and further
capitalization. Our findings show that distributed ledger-based systems
could benefit the work of the fund in key areas such as
multi-stakeholder coordination and impact assessment. However, our
analysis also points to the concrete limitations of technology driven
solutions. Digital technologies are not a standalone solution to
persistent resource allocation and governance challenges in
international climate finance, especially because the design and
deployment of these digital systems is inherently political.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>100084</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3663176">10.2139/ssrn.3663176</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_94LJ3ZJF" class="item magazineArticle">
<h2>Li Jin on the future of the creator economy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Magazine Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lil Jin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Shared ownership and control of online platforms is the way forward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-11-08T15:14:04Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>The Economist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.economist.com/the-world-ahead/2021/11/08/li-jin-on-the-future-of-the-creator-economy">https://www.economist.com/the-world-ahead/2021/11/08/li-jin-on-the-future-of-the-creator-economy</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:16:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Shared ownership and control of online platforms is the way forward (via crypto)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Economist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0013-0613</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:16:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:17:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_U42NDUJA">The Economist Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_JSFKABM2" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Liberation Through Radical Decentralization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Vitalik Buterin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>By Vitalik Buterin and Glen Weyl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-05-21T14:05:12.607Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/liberation-through-radical-decentralization-22fc4bedc2ac">https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/liberation-through-radical-decentralization-22fc4bedc2ac</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:24:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:24:52</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:24:52</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_JFGPSLWA">
<div><p>Read/Eilidh</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_47JCDJ2L">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SI46S3IL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Libra : An Economic and Technical Analysis</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jan Reiser</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://wwz.unibas.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/wwz/00_Professuren/Schaer_DLTFintech/Lehre/Reiser_2020.pdf">https://wwz.unibas.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/wwz/00_Professuren/Schaer_DLTFintech/Lehre/Reiser_2020.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7TND85QY" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Libra and Facebook's Money Illusion</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ramaa Vasudevan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The launch of Libra, a corporate-controlled supranational
currency is a bold attempt by a bigtech behemoth to leverage its
monopoly over digital data and platform networks in order to draw
low-income and unbanked households into its web of interconnected
financial services. But in the process, argues the author, it will
likely exacerbate financial fragility, global imbalances, and the
already substantial financial subordination of developing countries.
Even if Facebook's plan to launch a global private digital currency,
Libra, as soon as next year (in 2020) flounders the announcement is
still significant as an opening salvo by a US corporate power, globally
dominant in the field of new technology, to push its disruptive
potential into the sphere of the international monetary system. The
announcement of the social network behemoth's entry into the sphere of
finance has, not surprisingly, triggered both speculation and backlash.
Writing in the Financial Times blog, FTalphaville, which has excellent,
if skeptical, analysis of this crypto-currency pretender, Isabella
Kaminska calls Libra A glorified exchange traded fund which uses
blockchain buzz words to neutralize the regulatory impact of coming to
market without a license as well as to veil the disproportionate
influence of Facebook, in what it hopes will eventually become a global
digital reserve system. (Kaminska 2019b) The claim is that this currency
will have all the attributes of the world's best currencies: stability,
low inflation, wide global acceptance, and fungibility (Libra 2019).
And the announcement comes at a time when Facebook is plagued by
accusations of misuse of private data, widespread abuse of its digital
platform, and blatantly anti-competitive practices, and has been slapped
with a $5 billion fine by the Federal Trade Commission for data privacy
violations (Murphy 2019a). Whatever might be the pitfalls of such
hubris, the launch reflects deeper structural trends in contemporary
capitalism. Before the full implications of these structural trends can
be grasped, it is necessary to cut through the buzz and hype surrounding
the launch of Libra and clarify some of the nuts and bolts of the
proposed plan.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>63</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>21–39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Challenge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.2019.1684662">10.1080/05775132.2019.1684662</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0577-5132</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_23GTMFZG" class="item book">
<h2>Libra Shrugged: How Facebook Tried to Take Over the Money</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_DEES776K" class="item videoRecording">
<h2>Line Goes Up – The Problem With NFTs</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Video Recording</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="director">Director</th>
<td>Dan Olson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>If someone pitches you on a "great" Web3 project, ask them if it requires buying or selling crypto to do what they say it does.
Sources and Further Reading
https://web3isgoinggreat.com/
https://tante.cc/2021/12/17/the-third...
https://davidgerard.co.uk/blockchain/...
https://amycastor.com/2021/03/14/meta...
https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/cry...
https://blog.mollywhite.net/blockchai...
https://www.motherjones.com/politics/...
https://twitter.com/davetroy/status/1...
https://davidgolumbia.medium.com/cryp...
https://marker.medium.com/fintech-is-...
https://naavik.co/business-breakdowns...
https://www.gawker.com/culture/the-fu...
https://twitter.com/NFTtheft
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/arc...
https://www.gamesindustry.biz/article...
https://www.technollama.co.uk/platfor...
https://davidgerard.co.uk/blockchain/...
https://twitter.com/Bitfinexed
Written and performed by Dan Olson
Crowdfunding: https://www.patreon.com/foldablehuman
Twitter: https://twitter.com/FoldableHuman
00:00:00 Preface
00:01:12 0. In 2008 The Economy Collapsed
00:07:09 1. Bitcoin
00:18:18 2. Ethereum
00:24:34 3. The Machine
00:39:07 4. NFTs Exist To Get You To Buy Crypto
00:57:54 5. The Unbearable Cringe Of Crypto
01:11:46 6. A Self-Organizing High Control Group
01:16:57 7. Crypto Reality
01:25:36 8. There Is No Privacy On The Chain
01:32:52 9. If This "Looks Like Scam" Then Every NFT Room I'm In Looks Like Scam LOL
01:38:29 10. Play To Earn Exists To Get You To Buy Crypto
01:46:39 11. We're All Gonna Make It And By "We" I Mean "Us" Not You
01:56:08 12. DAOs Exist To Get You To Buy Crypto
02:13:21 13. I Know It's Rigged, But It's The Only Game In Town</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>YouTube</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ_xWvX1n9g">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ_xWvX1n9g</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:11:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Running Time</th>
<td>2:18:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:11:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:12:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_RE8Y39XW" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>Linking local housing and global finance: the state, land administration infrastructure and blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anetta Proskurovska</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>2022 American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://liser.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/linking-local-housing-and-global-finance-the-state-land-administr">https://liser.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/linking-local-housing-and-global-finance-the-state-land-administr</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6W6QLGK5" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Local Exchange Trading Systems as a Response to the Globalisation of Capitalism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael Pacione</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The globalisation of capitalism has disadvantaged those people
and places marginal to the capitalist development process. The local
exchange trading system represents a possible approach to the challenge
of relocalising social and economic identity. Despite the growing
importance of local exchange trading systems (LETS) in the UK,
geographical research into the concept is limited. This paper examines
the potential of LETS as a response to the hegemonic influence of global
capitalism. The empirical evidence focuses on the development and
operation of LETS in Glasgow. The research analyses both successful and
unsuccessful LETS in the city, examines the prospects for further
development of LETS in the UK, and considers the potential value of the
concept particularly for people and places disadvantaged by the
capitalist market economy. © 1997, Sage Publications. All rights
reserved.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1997</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 0141552077</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1179–1199</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Urban Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/0042098975583">10.1080/0042098975583</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00420980</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3CKGVH7B" class="item document">
<h2>Locating Stablecoins within the Regulatory Perimeter</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Howell E. Jackson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Morgan Ricks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2021/08/05/locating-stablecoins-within-the-regulatory-perimeter">https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2021/08/05/locating-stablecoins-within-the-regulatory-perimeter</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_EW8B2ISB" class="item book">
<h2>Lying for Money: How Legendary Frauds Reveal the Workings of Our World</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dan Davies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Profile Books</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_AVK23PKP" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Magical capitalism, gambler subjects: South Korea's bitcoin investment frenzy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Seung Cheol Lee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>‘First, it was just tech people. Now, literally everyone is
interested in bitcoin', said CNN News while reporting on the bitcoin
mania that haunted South Korean society in the winter of 2017–2018. This
study takes that speculative frenzy as an entry point for exploring lay
bitcoin investors' experiences and the ‘magical' features of
contemporary financial capitalism. It first situates the bitcoin
investment boom in the contexts of South Korea's post-developmental
transition and the rise of mass investment culture. Drawing upon
participant observation of online communities for South Korea's bitcoin
investors, this study then demonstrates how lay bitcoin investors' daily
beliefs and practices are distinguished from more traditional economic
subjectivities–namely, disciplined workers and rational investors. Lay
bitcoin investors present themselves not simply as calculative investors
but also as enchanted gamblers who often rely upon magical formulas and
rituals that express their hopes and despairs in the face of an
uncertain future. Instead of dismissing their beliefs and rituals as
‘irrational exuberance', this study argues that their cultural practices
should be understood as a reflexive response to the ‘magical'
mechanisms of the financial market based on self-referential valuation
and self-fulfilling performativity. In examining how the logics of
uncertainty and magic are returned at the heart of contemporary
capitalism, this study consequently seeks to situate the lay investors'
struggles in dealing with the ambiguous future within the broader
transformation of the human condition during the triumphant rise of
financial capitalism.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2020.1788620">https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2020.1788620</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Cultural Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2020.1788620">10.1080/09502386.2020.1788620</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14664348</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>performativity</li>
<li>financial subject</li>
<li>magical capitalism</li>
<li>mass investment culture</li>
<li>South Korea</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5EP25URM" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Manifesto – DisCO.coop</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>DisCo.coop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019-12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://disco.coop/manifesto/">https://disco.coop/manifesto/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:10:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>A joint publication by DisCO.coop, the Transnational Institute
and Guerrilla Media Collective. "Value Sovereignty, Care Work, Commons
and Distributed Cooperative Organizations. The DisCO Manifesto is a deep
dive into the world of Distributed Cooperative Organizations. Over its
80 colorful pages, you will read about how DisCOs are a P2P/Commons,
cooperative and Feminist Economic alternative to Decentralized
Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). The DisCO Manifesto also includes some
background on topics like blockchain, AI, the commons, feminism,
cooperatives, cyberpunk, and more."</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:10:53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:14:50</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_AZ8TRZFQ">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FXX5QI9V" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Mapping the NFT revolution: market trends, trade networks, and visual features</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthieu Nadini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Laura Alessandretti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Flavio Di Giacinto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mauro Martino</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Luca Maria Aiello</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrea Baronchelli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that represent
objects like art, collectible, and in-game items. They are traded
online, often with cryptocurrency, and are generally encoded within
smart contracts on a blockchain. Public attention towards NFTs has
exploded in 2021, when their market has experienced record sales, but
little is known about the overall structure and evolution of its market.
Here, we analyse data concerning 6.1 million trades of 4.7 million NFTs
between June 23, 2017 and April 27, 2021, obtained primarily from
Ethereum and WAX blockchains. First, we characterize statistical
properties of the market. Second, we build the network of interactions,
show that traders typically specialize on NFTs associated with similar
objects and form tight clusters with other traders that exchange the
same kind of objects. Third, we cluster objects associated to NFTs
according to their visual features and show that collections contain
visually homogeneous objects. Finally, we investigate the predictability
of NFT sales using simple machine learning algorithms and find that
sale history and, secondarily, visual features are good predictors for
price. We anticipate that these findings will stimulate further research
on NFT production, adoption, and trading in different contexts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>_eprint: 2106.00647
PMID: 34686678</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Scientific Reports</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00053-8">10.1038/s41598-021-00053-8</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>20452322</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_GENERAL</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KQ3XPVFL" class="item document">
<h2>MATTER OF JAMES v. iFINEX INC.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: Docket No. 450545/2019, Motion Seq. No. 003
Pages: 32454
Publication Title: NY Slip Op
Volume: 2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>NY: Supreme Court</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_3EQJKX3D" class="item document">
<h2>MATTER OF JAMES v. iFINEX INC.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: 450545/19
Pages: 3880
Publication Title: NY Slip Op
Volume: 2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>NY: Appellate Div., 1st Dept.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_MK23WT6R" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Measuring DAO Autonomy: Lessons From Other Autonomous Systems</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Steven A. Wright</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>DAOS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>43–53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/tts.2021.3054974">10.1109/tts.2021.3054974</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BJKDD536" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Mediated trust: A theoretical framework to address the trustworthiness of technological trust mediators</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Balázs Bodó</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article considers the impact of digital technologies on
the interpersonal and institutional logics of trust production. It
introduces the new theoretical concept of technology-mediated trust to
analyze the role of complex techno-social assemblages in trust
production and distrust management. The first part of the article argues
that globalization and digitalization have unleashed a crisis of trust,
as traditional institutional and interpersonal logics are not attuned
to deal with the risks introduced by the prevalence of digital
technologies. In the second part, the article describes how digital
intermediation has transformed the traditional logics of interpersonal
and institutional trust formation and created new trust-mediating
services. Finally, the article asks as follows: why should we trust
these technological trust mediators? The conclusion is that at best, it
is impossible to establish the trustworthiness of trust mediators, and
that at worst, we have no reason to trust them.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>2668–2690</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>New Media and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820939922">10.1177/1461444820939922</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14617315</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
<li>trust</li>
<li>Institutional trust</li>
<li>interpersonal trust</li>
<li>online intermediation</li>
<li>regulation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9CW4EX24" class="item attachment">
<h2>messari-report-crypto-theses-for-2022.pdf</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Attachment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://messari.io/pdf/messari-report-crypto-theses-for-2022.pdf">https://messari.io/pdf/messari-report-crypto-theses-for-2022.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 17:59:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 17:59:37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 17:59:37</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_2BMQALTU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>MiCA and DeFi ('Proposal for a Regulation on Market in Crypto-Assets' and 'Decentralised Finance')</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Guilherme Maia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>João Vieira dos Santos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3875355">10.2139/ssrn.3875355</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XK5YWZP6" class="item document">
<h2>Miller v. Central Chinchilla Group, Inc.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1974</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: No. 73-1731
Pages: 414
Publication Title: F. 2d
Volume: 494</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Court of Appeals, 8th Circuit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_WXNVPAER" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>Millions for Crypto Start-Ups, No Real Names Necessary</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Yaffe-Bellany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Investors give money to pseudonymous developers. Venture
capitalists back founders without learning their real names. What
happens when they need to know?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-03-02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>NYTimes.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/technology/cryptocurrency-anonymity-alarm.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/technology/cryptocurrency-anonymity-alarm.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:46:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Section</th>
<td>Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0362-4331</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:46:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:46:55</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Venture Capital</li>
<li>Virtual Currency</li>
<li>Blockchain (Technology)</li>
<li>Computers and the Internet</li>
<li>Engineering and Engineers</li>
<li>Entrepreneurship</li>
<li>Names, Personal</li>
<li>Nonfungible Tokens (NFTs)</li>
<li>Start-ups</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_923XU63C">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PB5PR7JN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Mine the gap: Bitcoin and the maintenance of trustlessness</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gili Vidan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Vili Lehdonvirta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Subscribing to a techno-utopian discourse replacing
institutions and experts with “trust in code,” digital alternative
currency Bitcoin is pitched as a “math-based money” governed by
incorruptible code rather than human regulators. In three cases, which
occurred between 2013 and 2015, we examine this system at moments of
breakdown. In contrast to the discourse, we find that power is
concentrated to critical sites and individuals who manage the system
through ad hoc negotiations, and who users must therefore implicitly
trust—a contrast we call Bitcoin's “promissory gap.” But even in the
face of such contradictions between premise and reality, the discourse
is maintained. We identify four authorizing strategies used in this
work: conflating people with devices, assuming actors conform to notions
of economic rationality, appealing to technical expertise, and
explaining contradictions as temporary bugs. We contend that these
strategies are mobilized widely to legitimize a variety of applications
of algorithmic regulation and peer production projects.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>42–59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>New Media and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818786220">10.1177/1461444818786220</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14617315</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
<li>Algorithmic regulation</li>
<li>critical code studies</li>
<li>distributed ledger technology</li>
<li>peer production</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CP58YHTJ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Modular Politics: Toward a Governance Layer for Online Communities</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathan Schneider</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Primavera De Filippi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Seth Frey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Joshua Z. Tan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Amy X. Zhang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Governance in online communities is an increasingly
high-stakes challenge, and yet many basic features of offline governance
legacies-juries, political parties, term limits, and formal debates, to
name a few-are not in the feature-sets of the software most community
platforms use. Drawing on the paradigm of Institutional Analysis and
Development, this paper proposes a strategy for addressing this lapse by
specifying basic features of a generalizable paradigm for online
governance called Modular Politics. Whereas classical governance
typologies tend to present a choice among wholesale ideologies, such as
democracy or oligarchy, Modular Politics would enable platform operators
and their users to build bottom-up governance processes from
computational components that are modular and composable, highly
versatile in their expressiveness, portable from one context to another,
and interoperable across platforms. This kind of approach could
implement pre-digital governance systems as well as accelerate
innovation in uniquely digital techniques. As diverse communities share
and connect their components and data, governance could occur through a
ubiquitous network layer. To that end, this paper proposes the
development of an open standard for networked governance.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>_eprint: 2005.13701</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1145/3449090">10.1145/3449090</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>CSCW1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25730142</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>peer production</li>
<li>governance</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>institutional analysis and development</li>
<li>interoperability</li>
<li>online communities</li>
<li>platforms</li>
<li>standards</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_2IARXS9C" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Money after Blockchain: Gold, Decentralised Politics and the New Libertarianism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fiona Allon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technologies are central to what has been described
as a new ‘smart social contract'. With blockchain, individual
cryptographic identity becomes the basis for new forms of money and for a
whole suite of restructured social, political and financial
transactions. But what do these developments signal for feminist
engagements with the money economy? The transparency and pseudonymity
that the blockchain provides has been welcomed as a ‘feminist weapon'.
But the decentralised technology also legitimises many longstanding
assumptions of libertarianism, especially competitive individualism,
naturalised social inequality and the stability of value associated with
the gold standard. Drawing on popular culture texts, Goldfinger and The
Mandibles, this article considers this history, examining the gendered,
racialised and sexualised discursive practices that attend
representations of gold along with the ‘metallism' surrounding
blockchain-based cryptocurrencies in the contemporary conjuncture. By
claiming to represent non-negotiable certainty derived from
technology/nature rather than social convention, the fantasy of
fundamental value returns, together with related associations of
essentialism and authenticity, but anchored in this new context in the
technocratic authoritarianism of FinTech. This is part of the background
for the ‘new libertarianism' whose ascendency now overshadows the
neoliberalism that has been the focus of critical attention for some
decades.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>223–243</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Australian Feminist Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2018.1517245">10.1080/08164649.2018.1517245</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>96</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14653303</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>decentralisation</li>
<li>gold</li>
<li>gold standard</li>
<li>libertarianism</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Y7AZPVCB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Money and the fear of missing out: How to stay sane in a world shaken by Libra.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael Salmony</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper discusses the issues surrounding the question of
whether the best way to provide seamless pan-European/global payments is
to deploy a new cryptocurrency, perhaps via a private actor, or to
build on the existing infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/hsp/jpss/2020/00000013/00000004/art00002">https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/hsp/jpss/2020/00000013/00000004/art00002</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Henry Stewart Publications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>282–287</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Payments Strategy &amp; Systems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/hsp/jpss/2020/00000013/00000004/art00002">https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/hsp/jpss/2020/00000013/00000004/art00002</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17501806</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
<li>Libra</li>
<li>Actors</li>
<li>blockchain/DLT</li>
<li>China</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>digital euro</li>
<li>Euro</li>
<li>Fear</li>
<li>Pan-European Payments Infrastructure</li>
<li>Payment</li>
<li>smart contracts</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_335H6A39" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Money as a tool for collective action</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Giacomo Bazzani</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Complementary currencies are usually seen as a by-product of
collective movements for social change or as an institutional tool for
local development: they are an outcome of collective action, not the
origin of collective mobilisation. Empirical research on the Sardex
complementary currency, though, suggests that money may support the
emergence of collective action. Traditional economic theory considers
any collective benefits provided by the economic system as the secondary
effects of individual entrepreneurs seeking to maximise their profits.
Entrepreneurs belonging to the Sardex network, though, do associate the
use of the Sardex currency with direct collective benefits. This means
they consider their business activities to be a form of collective
action for promoting the com-mon good of Sardinia's socio-economic
development. Using the Sardex currency sets this collective action in
motion: some Sardex members also work to expand the Sardex network
without any expectation of economic gain.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>438–461</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Partecipazione e Conflitto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v13i1p438">10.1285/i20356609v13i1p438</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>20356609</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Money</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
<li>Collective action</li>
<li>Common goods</li>
<li>Complementary currency</li>
<li>Economic activism</li>
<li>Politicisation</li>
<li>Sardex</li>
<li>Utilitarianism</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FH4MGHBE" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Money creation in decentralized finance: A dynamic model of stablecoin and crypto shadow banking</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ye Li</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Simon Mayer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>030</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Fisher College of Business Working Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2020-03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:18:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:18:58</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_9ZU67APZ" class="item book">
<h2>Money for Nothing: The South Sea Bubble and the Invention of Modern Capitalism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Thomas Levenson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Head of Zeus Ltd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_JWY7KG5B" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Money from a cultural point of view</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Keith Hart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: University of Chicago Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>411–416</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FIY72QET" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Money's Past is Fintech's Future: Wildcat Crypto, the Digital Dollar, and Citizen Central Banking</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robert C Hockett</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_4D8WWV8W" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Most bitcoin trading faked by unregulated exchanges, study finds</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>P Vigna</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Wall Street Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_Z8NNSWX3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Movement to market, currency to property: the rise and fall of Bitcoin as an anti-state movement, 2009–2014</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christopher J Lawrence</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephanie Lee Mudge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>109–134</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Socio-Economic Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VGAU6X2N" class="item webpage">
<h2>My first impressions of web3</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Moxie Marlinspike</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Despite considering myself a cryptographer, I have not found
myself particularly drawn to “crypto.” I don’t think I’ve ever actually
said the words “get off my lawn,” but I’m much more likely to click on
Pepperidge Farm Remembers flavored memes about how “crypto” used to mean
“cryptography” than ...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://moxie.org/2022/01/07/web3-first-impressions.html">https://moxie.org/2022/01/07/web3-first-impressions.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:22:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Moxie Marlinspike is co-founder of Signal etc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Moxie Marlinspike</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:22:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:40:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_EGYIZGZ2">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_88RJFGZX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Narrative economics</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robert J Shiller</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>107</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>967–1004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>American Economic Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_HFB263BP" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Negative bubbles and shocks in cryptocurrency markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>John Fry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Eng-Tuck Cheah</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>343–352</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Review of Financial Analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_2CC6EJEV" class="item webpage">
<h2>Neo-Nazis Bet Big on Bitcoin (And Lost)</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/19/neo-nazis-banked-on-bitcoin-cryptocurrency-farright-christchurch/">https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/19/neo-nazis-banked-on-bitcoin-cryptocurrency-farright-christchurch/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:06:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:06:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:11:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_CBDK54QJ">Neo-Nazis Bet Big on Bitcoin (And Lost) – Foreign Policy </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LD89W32P" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Nerdy Money: Bitcoin, the Private Digital Currency, and the Case Against Its Regulation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nikolei M. Kaplanov</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This Comment explores the lawfulness of using bitcoin, a
privately-issued currency transacted on a peer-to-peer network, and the
ability of the federal government to bar transactions between two
willing parties. While there are no cases yet challenging the ability of
parties in the United States to make transactions using bitcoins, there
are policymakers who have denounced the use of bitcoin. This has led to
the question of whether the federal government has the ability under
current federal law to prohibit the use of bitcoins between willing
parties. This Comment will show that the federal government has no basis
to stop bitcoin users who engage in traditional consumer purchases and
transfers. This Comment further argues that the federal government
should refrain from passing any laws or regulations limiting the use of
bitcoins. Should any claim arise, this Comment argues that there is a
perfectly acceptable model with which to analogize bitcoin use:
community currencies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2012</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>111</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2115203">10.2139/ssrn.2115203</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1530-5449</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LMZNIDCU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Networks of Ethereum Non-Fungible Tokens: A graph-based analysis of the ERC-721 ecosystem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>S. Casale-Brunet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>P. Ribeca</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>P. Doyle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>M. Mattavelli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as a decentralized proof of
ownership represent one of the main reasons why Ethereum is a disruptive
technology. This paper presents the first systematic study of the
interactions occurring in a number of NFT ecosystems. We illustrate how
to retrieve transaction data available on the blockchain and structure
it as a graph-based model. Thanks to this methodology, we are able to
study for the first time the topological structure of NFT networks and
show that their properties (degree distribution and others) are similar
to those of interaction graphs in social networks. Time-dependent
analysis metrics, useful to characterize market influencers and
interactions between different wallets, are also introduced. Based on
those, we identify across a number of NFT networks the widespread
presence of both investors accumulating NFTs and individuals who make
large profits.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.12545">http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.12545</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>_eprint: 2110.12545</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.12545</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_GENERAL</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HCBK5VTU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>New spaces of disruption? The failures of Bitcoin and the rhetorical power of algorithmic governance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthew A. Zook</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Joe Blankenship</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In less than a decade Bitcoin and the technology of blockchain
– a cryptographically-secured, algorithmically-regulated,
distributed-ledger – emerged as the enfant terrible of the global
economy. Ironically, as cryptocurrencies reached collective valuations
of hundreds of billions of dollars the Bitcoin project failed in its
original purpose as an alternative currency governed by code rather than
trust. Not only has Bitcoin not become a popular means of global
peer-to-peer transactions but the much vaulted purity of algorithmic
governance is heavily entangled in social relations. This article
reviews blockchain's computer architectures, its connections to
materiality and space and the complexity of its established practices.
This analysis shows that rather than occupying an algorithmic place
apart, blockchain contains multiple and conflicting agencies and is
messily embedded in the code/space of materiality. Nevertheless the
faith in the superiority of algorithmic governance has injected a
powerful discourse in economies that has proven more important and
disruptive than the actual practices of Bitcoin or blockchain.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.08.023">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.08.023</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>96</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>248–255</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Geoforum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.08.023">10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.08.023</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>August</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00167185</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Innovation</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>Code/space</li>
<li>Disruption</li>
<li>Financial technologies</li>
<li>Fintech</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XN9VR28Y" class="item webpage">
<h2>Next Steps to Win the Future: New ideas for our web3 policy platform</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tomicah Tillemann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jai Ramaswamy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Miles Jennings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>James Rathmell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>When we released our policy agenda and legislative proposals
publicly last month, our goal was to catalyze a conversation about the
next generation of the internet and the role of technology in open
societies. We also hoped to inspire the …</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-11-04T22:19:11-07:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>Next Steps to Win the Future</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://a16z.com/2021/11/04/next-steps-to-win-the-future-new-ideas-for-our-web3-policy-platform/">https://a16z.com/2021/11/04/next-steps-to-win-the-future-new-ideas-for-our-web3-policy-platform/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:12:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: cryptocurrencies &amp; blockchains</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Andreessen Horowitz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:12:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 11:12:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_ZH3KPM2R">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_A6A76N8F" class="item webpage">
<h2>NFTs and A Thousand True Fans</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chris Dixon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Chris Dixon's blog.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-02-27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://cdixon.org/2021/02/27/NFTs-and-a-thousand-true-fans">https://cdixon.org/2021/02/27/NFTs-and-a-thousand-true-fans</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:23:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:24:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:24:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_XCUJ2EAH">
<div><p>Read/Eilidh</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_6WMVYA7I">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6VRLT4KF" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>NFTs and asset class spillovers: Lessons from the period around the COVID-19 pandemic</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Y. Aharon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ender Demir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this paper, we analyze the connectedness between returns
for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and other financial assets (equities,
bonds, currencies, gold, oil, Ethereum) during the period from January
2018 to June 2021. By using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector
Autoregressions (TVP-VAR) approach, we show that the overall
connectedness between the returns for financial assets increased during
the COVID-19 period. Our static analysis shows that the behavior of the
majority of NFT returns is attributable to endogenous shocks and only a
small portion of this variation resulted from the impact of innovation
in other assets. The results suggest that NFTs are mainly independent of
shocks from common assets classes and even from their close relation,
Ethereum. The dynamic analysis across time reveals that during normal
times, NFTs act as transmitters of systemic risk to some degree, but
during stressful times, their role shifts, and they act as absorbers of
risk spillovers. This suggests that NFTs may have diversification
benefits during turbulent times, as apparent during the COVID-19 crisis,
and especially around the great March 2020 market plunge.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102515</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Finance Research Letters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102515">10.1016/j.frl.2021.102515</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15446123</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_ASSET</li>
<li>COVID-19</li>
<li>NFT</li>
<li>Non-fungible tokens</li>
<li>Return connectedness</li>
<li>Spillover</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_L8R4A9FX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>NFTs and copyright: challenges and opportunities</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Pınar Çağlayan Aksoy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Zehra Özkan Üner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1115–1126</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Intellectual Property Law &amp; Practice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpab104">10.1093/jiplp/jpab104</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1747-1532</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_IP</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZPHVVAIF" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>NFTs: Digital things and their criminal lives</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Simon Mackenzie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Diāna Bērziņa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The extraordinary current craze around NFTs reflects their
perceived value as a technological development that can bring greater
certainty to questions of ownership and authenticity in fields like art
and other collectibles. This is, among other things, the promise of
crime prevention through technology, as ownership and authenticity are
in the art world closely tied to criminal legal matters like theft,
handling stolen goods and fraud. The crime prevention promise looks to
fall flat though, as the technology seems to be less capable of
delivering these benefits than has been assumed by its promoters. Much
of the attraction of NFTs is therefore not actually based on effective
crime prevention, but rather on hype. This paper explores the hype, and
its relationship to the crime prevention promise of NFTs, through the
lens of ‘the social lives of things'. We argue that as well as social
lives, things have criminal lives. Analysis sensitive to the criminal
lives of things finds an NFT trading scene heated by emotion:
excitement, attraction, temptation, speculative euphoria and
acquisitive, possessive sentiment. This creates a sense of object agency
more active than the cold traditional vision of material structure
presented in standard criminological treatments of things-in-the-world
as passive opportunity structures. The hyped NFT market trades in
affecting objects that create crime in emotional as well as structural
ways. We therefore arrive at a conclusion opposite to starting
assumptions: far from preventing crime, NFTs are making it.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>17416590211039797</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Crime, Media, Culture</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/17416590211039797">10.1177/17416590211039797</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17416604</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_GENERAL</li>
<li>NFT</li>
<li>Art crime</li>
<li>cybercrime</li>
<li>digital crime</li>
<li>fraud</li>
<li>non fungible token</li>
<li>online crime</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_EWHYL6JQ" class="item book">
<h2>No one would listen: A true financial thriller</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Harry Markopolos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>John Wiley &amp; Sons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_7Y4T8UUS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Non-fungible token (NFT) markets on the Ethereum blockchain: Temporal development, cointegration and interrelations</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lennart Ante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The market for non-fungible tokens (NFTs), transferrable and
unique digital assets on public blockchains, has received widespread
attention and experienced strong growth since early 2021. This study
provides an introduction to NFTs and explores the 14 largest submarkets
using data from the Ethereum blockchain between June 2017 and May 2021.
The analyses rely on (a) the number of NFT sales, (b) the dollar volume
of NFT trades and (c) the number of unique blockchain wallets that
traded NFTs. Based on the number of transactions and wallets, the
Ethereum-based NFT market peaked at the end of 2017 due to the success
of the CryptoKitties project. As of 2021, fewer transactions occur but
the traded value is much higher. We find that NFT submarkets are
cointegrated and feature various causal short-run connections between
them. The success or adoption of younger NFT projects is influenced by
that of more established markets. At the same time, the success of newer
markets has an impact on the more established projects. The results
contribute to the overall understanding of the NFT phenomenon and
suggest that NFT markets are immature or even inefficient.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3904683">10.2139/ssrn.3904683</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_ASSET</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IEDIWRP6" class="item book">
<h2>Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT). The Analysis of Risk and Return</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mieszko Mazur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This study examines the risk and return characteristics of the
NFT-based startups listed on the cryptocurrency exchange. Our
investigation is motivated by the recent surge in the NFT activity on
the part of creators, investors, and traders. We begin by proposing
novel classification of the existing NFTs that range from NFT
blockchains through NFT metaverse to NFT DeFi. Next, we establish that
NFTs: 1) earn 130% on the first-listing-day; 2) yield an average
investment multiple of 40 (roughly 4,000%) over long-term, which is four
times higher than bitcoin during the same period; 3) deliver positive
and significant alpha and exhibit above-average beta. We also show that
the NFT segment of the cryptocurrency market leads market recovery
following the mid-2021 crash and generate a return of close to 350%. In
the final analysis of the paper, we find that NFT infrastructure
integrated within the existing blockchains increase market valuations of
these networks. 1This</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: SSRN Electronic Journal
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3953535</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<td>1-00-008723-9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Series Number</th>
<td>October</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>1–34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_ASSET</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4PCHPTLH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Not-So-Smart Blockchain Contracts and Artificial Responsibility</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Adam Jason Kolber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The first high-profile decentralized autonomous organization
formed in 2016. Called "TheDAO," it used smart contracts on a
bitcoin-style blockchain to allow strangers to come together online to
vote on and invest in venture capital proposals. Newspapers raved about
the $160 million it quickly raised, even though it purported to have no
central human authority, including no managers , executives, or board of
directors. Technologists have grand plans for smart contracts and
autonomous organizations. Rather than staying at traditional hotels with
elaborate human staff, we may pay for hotel rooms using bitcoin (or
another cryptocurrency) which will automatically unlock the room door.
If the toilet breaks, the room itself will contract with a plumber to
fix it. Similarly, a smart contract may allow us to hire a self-driving
car. The car will not only drive passengers around but arrange for its
own routine maintenance. TheDAO itself, however, is now a cautionary
tale. A bug in its smart contract code was exploited to drain more than
$50 million in value. Some purists denounced efforts to mitigate the
problem, arguing that the alleged hacker simply withdrew money in
accordance with the organization's agreed-upon contractual terms in the
form of computer code. Since the "code is the contract" in their minds,
the alleged hacker did nothing wrong. I defend two related claims.
First, contra the purists, I argue that the code does not reflect the
entirety of the parties' agreement, and so the "code is the contract"
slogan does not resolve whether TheDAO exploitation should have</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://law.stanford.edu/publications/not-so-smart-blockchain-contracts-and-artificial-responsibility/">https://law.stanford.edu/publications/not-so-smart-blockchain-contracts-and-artificial-responsibility/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>198–234</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Stanford Technology Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://law.stanford.edu/publications/not-so-smart-blockchain-contracts-and-artificial-responsibility/">https://law.stanford.edu/publications/not-so-smart-blockchain-contracts-and-artificial-responsibility/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>Ethereum</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>DAO</li>
<li>decentralized autonomous organizations</li>
<li>smart contract</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>securities</li>
<li>token</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MYICKD79" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Now the Code Runs Itself: On-Chain and Off-Chain Governance of Blockchain Technologies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wessel Reijers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Iris Wuisman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Morshed Mannan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Primavera De Filippi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christopher Wray</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Vienna Rae-Looi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Angela Cubillos Vélez</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Liav Orgad</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The invention of Bitcoin in 2008 as a new type of electronic
cash has arguably been one of the most radical financial innovations in
the last decade. Recently, developer communities of blockchain
technologies have started to turn their attention towards the issue of
governance. The features of blockchain governance raise questions as to
tensions that might arise between a strictly “on-chain” governance
system and possible applications of “off-chain” governance. In this
paper, we approach these questions by reflecting on a long-running
debate in legal philosophy regarding the construction of a positivist
legal order. First, we argue that on-chain governance shows striking
similarities with Kelsen's notion of a positivist legal order,
characterised by Schmitt as the machine that runs itself. Second, we
illustrate some of the problems that emerged from the application of
on-chain governance, with particular reference to a calamity in a
blockchain-based system called the DAO. Third, we reflect on Schmitt's
argument that the coalescence of private interests is a vulnerability of
positivist legal systems, and accordingly posit this as an inherent
vulnerability of on-chain governance of existing blockchain-based
systems.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 1124501896265</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>821–831</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Topoi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-018-9626-5">10.1007/s11245-018-9626-5</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15728749</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>Blockchain governance</li>
<li>Kelsen</li>
<li>Schmitt</li>
<li>Sovereignty</li>
<li>State of exception</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_JNVGN7BS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Old Utopias, New Tax Havens: The Politics of Bitcoin in Historical Perspective</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stefan Eich</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Cryptocurrencies are frequently framed as future-oriented,
technological innovations that decentralize money, thereby liberating it
from centralized governance and the political tentacles of the state.
This is misleading on several counts. First, electronic currencies
cannot leave the politics of money behind even where they aim to disavow
it. Instead, we can understand their impact as a political attempt to
depoliticize money. Second, the dramatic price swings of
cryptocurrencies challenge their self-fashioning as a new form of money
and reveal them instead as speculative assets and securities in need of
regulation. While the preferential tax and regulatory treatment of
cryptocurrencies hinges on their nominal currency status, it is
ironically precisely their success as speculative assets that has
undermined these claims. Finally, far from heralding a radical break
with the past, electronic currencies serve as a reminder of the
unresolved global politics of money since the 1970s. To support these
three interrelated theses this chapter places the rise of
cryptocurrencies in the historical context of the international politics
of money between the end of the Bretton Woods system and the response
to the 2008 Financial Crisis.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198842187.001.0001/oso-9780198842187-chapter-5">https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198842187.001.0001/oso-9780198842187-chapter-5</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 978-0-19-187820-6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>85–98</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Regulating Blockchain: Techno-Social and Legal Challenges</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BF64QYXP" class="item thesis">
<h2>On Bitcoin usage, Techno-optimism and Participation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bitcoin Valley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The present research engages with theoretical notions related
to anarchy, currency systems and the intersubjectivity ofmoney to
develop a critical analysis of the individual attitudes and motivations
relevant to the usage of Bitcoin for what concerns users in Rovereto,
Italy. Through the use of ethnography, this research explores the
reasons behind the spread of use of Bitcoin in the area of Rovereto and
how those reasons may be connected to the way the Bitcoin network was
designed and the socio-political set of values of its creators. New
theoretical paradigms and a re-interpretation of old theoretical notions
is proposed, in order to overcome the lack of literature and fieldwork
material related to the subject of cryptocurrency users, for what
concerns anthropological research. General reflections on the impact of
new technologies such as cryptocurrencies on individuals are also
produced, in connection with the material collected on the field in
Rovereto. 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/374186%0A">https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/374186%0A</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/374186
Issue: August</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_72PCUD7D" class="item thesis">
<h2>On Bitcoin usage, Techno-optimism and Participation-An anthropological perspective on Rovereto s Bitcoin Valley users</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>G D Starita</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The present research engages with theoretical notions related
to anarchy, currency systems and the intersubjectivity of money to
develop a critical analysis of the individual attitudes and motivations
relevant to the usage of Bitcoin for what concerns users in Rovereto,
Italy. Through the use of ethnography, this research explores the
reasons behind the spread of use of Bitcoin in the area of Rovereto and
how those reasons may be connected to the way the Bitcoin network was
designed and the socio-political set of values of its creators. New
theoretical paradigms and a re-interpretation of old theoretical notions
is proposed, in order to overcome the lack of literature and fieldwork
material related to the subject of cryptocurrency users, for what
concerns anthropological research. General reflections on the impact of
new technologies such as cryptocurrencies on individuals are also
produced, in connection with the material collected on the field in
Rovereto. show less</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/374186%0A">https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/374186%0A</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/374186</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Master's Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RUF2TLTK" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>On the property of blockchains: comments on an emerging literature</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>J. Z. Garrod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The last few years have seen the emergence of a growing
academic literature on the blockchain. On one side are the supporters,
who see its potential to create a true, peer-to-peer (p2p) sharing
economy. On the other side are the critics, who argue that the
blockchain is more likely to reproduce capitalism than to disrupt it.
Using the insights generated by the critical literature on the
blockchain, this paper seeks to ask new questions and provide new
insights about the development of this technology and how it is likely
to transform the global political economy through its capacity to
enforce global property rights.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2019.1678316">https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2019.1678316</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>602–623</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Economy and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2019.1678316">10.1080/03085147.2019.1678316</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14695766</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>property</li>
<li>technology</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>globalization</li>
<li>sharing economy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NTN9CTGF" class="item webpage">
<h2>On Unintentional Scams</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-07-23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/crypto-scams.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/crypto-scams.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:56:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:56:49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:43:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_HGN3QBLL">On Unintentional Scams </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IH6SQLBP" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>Orchestrated crime: The high yield investment fraud ecosystem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jens Neisius</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Richard Clayton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>IEEE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>48–58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>2014 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_46SYZ3ZP" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Ostrom Amongst the Machines</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Herminio Bodon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Pedro Bustamante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marcela Gomez</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Prashabnt Krishnamurthy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael J Madison</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ilia Murtazashvili</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jennifer B Murtazashvili</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tymofiy Mylovanov</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Martin B Weiss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchains are distributed ledger technologies that allow the
recording of any data structure, including money, property titles, and
contracts. In this paper, we suggest that Hayekian political economy is
especially well suited to explain how blockchain emerged, but that
Elinor Ostrom's approach to commons governance is particularly useful to
understand why blockchain anarchy is successful. Our central
conclusions are that the blockchain can be thought of as a spontaneous
order, as Hayek anticipated, as well as a knowledge commons, as Ostrom's
studies of self-governance anticipated.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=3462648">https://ssrn.com/abstract=3462648</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6JS5CDPR" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>Perspective | Bitcoin is teaching libertarians everything they don’t know about economics</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin is only the future if you think 1789 wasn't in the past.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>www.washingtonpost.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/01/08/bitcoin-is-the-new-middle-ages/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/01/08/bitcoin-is-the-new-middle-ages/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:03:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Washington Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0190-8286</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:03:34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:03:34</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_887K9UCZ">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_E6NSV46T" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Philosophy, politics, and economics of cryptocurrency I: Money without state</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrew M. Bailey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bradley Rettler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Craig Warmke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this article, we describe what cryptocurrency is, how it
works, and how it relates to familiar conceptions of and questions about
money. We then show how normative questions about monetary policy find
new expression in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. These questions
can play a role in addressing not just what money is, but what it should
be. A guiding theme in our discussion is that progress here requires a
mixed approach that integrates philosophical tools with the purely
technical results of disciplines like computer science and economics.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Philosophy Compass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12785">10.1111/phc3.12785</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17479991</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6RRHLQ4U" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Philosophy, politics, and economics of cryptocurrency II: The moral landscape of monetary design</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrew M. Bailey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bradley Rettler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Craig Warmke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this article, we identify three key design dimensions along
which cryptocurrencies differ – privacy, censorship-resistance, and
consensus procedure. Each raises important normative issues. Our
discussion uncovers new ways to approach the question of whether Bitcoin
or other cryptocurrencies should be used as money, and new avenues for
developing a positive answer to that question. A guiding theme is that
progress here requires a mixed approach that integrates philosophical
tools with the purely technical results of disciplines like computer
science and economics.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Philosophy Compass</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12784">10.1111/phc3.12784</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17479991</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_H7QCWSP4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Plateformes de règlement de litiges décentralisées : vers « une justice plus juste ? »</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Katrin Becker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/48024">https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/48024</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Dalloz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MGNBXA4R" class="item webpage">
<h2>Platform leverages blockchain to solve digital divide in Africa</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Token use case demonstrated in their ability to incentivize the previously unsustainable broadband distribution model</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/platform-leverages-blockchain-to-solve-digital-divide-in-africa">https://cointelegraph.com/news/platform-leverages-blockchain-to-solve-digital-divide-in-africa</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:26:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Cointelegraph</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:26:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:29:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Africa</li>
<li>connectivity</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_UE6I6ZAR">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_56NSVVW7" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Pluralistic: 03 Feb 2022 – Pluralistic: Daily links from Cory Doctorow</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Cory Doctorow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>Pluralistic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://pluralistic.net/2022/02/03/liquidation-preference/">https://pluralistic.net/2022/02/03/liquidation-preference/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:18:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Why state backed money is a good thing (a feature not a bug).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:18:05</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:18:53</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_PARGSDXP">
<div><p>If you've spent much time around cryptocurrency people, you've
probably heard a rant or two about "sound money" and the need to
"depoliticize money." This is a foundation of blockchainism: the belief
that money is born separate from states, and states invade on the
private realm when they "meddle" in the money system.</p>
<p>There are at least two serious problems with this ideology. First,
it's plain wrong on the historical facts. Money did not emerge from
barter systems among people. Money was and is a product of state.</p>
<p>But even if you stipulate that money didn't originate among private
markets there's another serious historical problem with "sound money."
... It's this: central banks didn't emerge to usurp the private sector's
control over money. Central banks were created because without them,
finance was subject to wild, terrifying, ruinous boom/bust cycles.
What's more, without a central bank, money was subject to naked
political meddling, which central banks (sometimes) moderated.</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_IA97YJ2K">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_M9M5KJTP" class="item document">
<h2>PonzICO: Let’s Just Cut to the Chase</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Josh Cincinnati</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_ZISECTU5" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>Power and Bitcoins : a critical realism perspective</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Efpraxia D Zamani</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Zamani / Power</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bitcoins</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this study, through the lens of critical realism to power,
we take a close look into the power dynamics behind the Bitcoin protocol
in relation to its Cypherpunk philosophical underpinnings. We focus on
some of its main components that can be seen as constraining structures,
and we discuss how these structures generate constraining mechanisms
that restrict users' power to act, further reinforcing other entities”
power over them. In doing so, we illustrate that the Bitcoin Protocol,
as it is used today, is in tension with the principles on which it was
developed. In addition, we show that power, instead of being
decentralised and distributed to the many, it has merely shifted from
traditional actors to what can be seen as newcomers or atypical
regulators. In line with the paradigm of critical realism, we note that
the identified mechanisms and structures we discuss in this paper, are
those that we were able to observe through our subjective lens; others
may exist but may require different contextual conditions to be
activated and observed.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/150495/">http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/150495/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>27–28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>13th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems, 27-28 Sep 2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Power</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>decentralisation</li>
<li>critical realism</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8ZQLNIHS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Power/freedom on the dark web: A digital ethnography of the Dark Web Social Network</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robert W. Gehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This essay is an early ethnographic exploration of the Dark
Web Social Network (DWSN), a social networking site only accessible to
Web browsers equipped with The Onion Router. The central claim of this
essay is that the DWSN is an experiment in power/freedom, an attempt to
simultaneously trace, deploy, and overcome the historical conditions in
which it finds itself: the generic constraints and affordances of social
networking as they have been developed over the past decade by Facebook
and Twitter, and the ideological constraints and affordances of public
perceptions of the dark web, which hold that the dark web is useful for
both taboo activities and freedom from state oppression. I trace the
DWSN's experiment with power/freedom through three practices:
anonymous/social networking, the banning of child pornography, and the
productive aspects of techno-elitism. I then use these practices to
specify particular forms of power/freedom on the DWSN.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1219–1235</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>New Media and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814554900">10.1177/1461444814554900</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14617315</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>Dark web</li>
<li>freedom</li>
<li>power</li>
<li>social networking sites</li>
<li>The Onion Router</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RVJY45MW" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Prefigurative Post-Politics as Strategy: The Case of Government-Led Blockchain Projects</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Syed Omer Hussain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Critically engaging with literature on post-politics,
blockchain and algorithmic governance, and drawing also on knowledge
gained from undertaking a three-year empirical study, the purpose of
this article is to better understand the transformative capacity of
government-led blockchain projects. Analysis of a diversity of empirical
material, which was guided by a digital ethnography approach, is used
to support the furthering of the existing debate on the nature of the
post-political as a condition and/or strategy. Through these theoretical
and empirical explorations, the article concludes that while the
post-political represents a contingent political strategy by
governmental actors, it could potentially impose an algorithmically
enforced post-political 'condition' for the citizen. It is argued that
the design, features and mechanisms of government-led projects are
deliberately and strategically used to delimit a citizens' political
agency. In order to address this scenario, we argue that there is a need
not only to analyse and contribute to the algorithmic design of
blockchain projects (i.e. the affordances and constraints they set), but
also to the metapolitical narrative underpinning them (i.e. the
political imaginaries underlying the various government-led projects).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: The British Blockchain Association</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Journal of The British Blockchain Association</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-3-1-(2)2020">10.31585/jbba-3-1-(2)2020</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25163949</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_GPYKDGRV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Preying on the poor? Opportunities and challenges for tackling
the social and environmental threats of cryptocurrencies for vulnerable
and low-income communities</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter Howson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex de Vries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The rate of adoption of some cryptocurrencies is triggering
alarm from energy researchers and social scientists concerned about the
industry's growing environmental and social impacts. In this paper we
argue that the unsustainable trajectory of some cryptocurrencies
disproportionately impacts poor and vulnerable communities where
cryptocurrency producers and other actors take advantage of economic
instabilities, weak regulations, and access to cheap energy and other
resources. Globally, over 100 million people hold cryptocurrency, mostly
as a speculative asset. The digital infrastructure behind the most
popular cryptocurrency, bitcoin, currently requires as much energy as
the whole of Thailand, with a carbon footprint exceeding the gold mining
industry. Should bitcoin's mass adoption continue, an escalating
climate crisis is inevitable, disproportionately exacerbating social and
environmental challenges for communities already experiencing multiple
dimensions of deprivation. In mitigating these impacts, the paper
considers 4 potential regulatory pathways, including: 1) promoting
voluntary private-sector commitments to using only renewable energy, 2)
encouraging a system of voluntary carbon offsetting, 3) using existing
financial regulations and tax frameworks, and 4) imposing national
and/or international bans on cryptocurrency ‘mining'. The paper argues
that effective environmental regulation of cryptocurrencies is urgently
required, both to reduce the threat of catastrophic climate change, and
to help the world's poorest towards sustainable development. However,
regulating cryptocurrency mining in any context is likely to require a
combination of efforts and is unlikely to result in win-win outcomes for
all.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>84</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102394</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research and Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102394">10.1016/j.erss.2021.102394</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>xxxx</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>22146296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>Proof-of-work</li>
<li>Sustainability</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
<li>Climate change</li>
<li>Poverty</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_G9JAXCG9" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Privacy for the weak, transparency for the powerful: the cypherpunk ethics of Julian Assange</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Patrick D. Anderson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>WikiLeaks is among the most controversial institutions of the
last decade, and this essay contributes to an understanding of WikiLeaks
by revealing the philosophical paradigm at the foundation of Julian
Assange's worldview: cypherpunk ethics. The cypherpunk movement emerged
in the early-1990s, advocating the widespread use of strong cryptography
as the best means for defending individual privacy and resisting
authoritarian governments in the digital age. For the cypherpunks,
censorship and surveillance were the twin evils of the computer age, but
they viewed encryption as a means to circumvent both. As a cypherpunk,
Assange advocates for the use of cryptography in the fight for
individual privacy as well as the fight for global justice. His
cosmopolitan disposition is informed by his hacker background, antiwar
principles, and Enlightenment outlook. This essay places Assange's
philosophical idea in historical context, exploring his views on
censorship, surveillance, and the right to communicate. It also connects
his cypherpunk principles to WikiLeaks, showing that the strategy of
encouraging data leaks from powerful political and economic
organizations is classic cypherpunk political praxis.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>295–308</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Ethics and Information Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-020-09571-x">10.1007/s10676-020-09571-x</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15728439</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>Cryptography</li>
<li>Censorship</li>
<li>Cypherpunk</li>
<li>Surveillance</li>
<li>Whistleblowing</li>
<li>WikiLeaks</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YKQHHBLU" class="item book">
<h2>Profiting in economic storms: a historic guide to surviving depression, deflation, hyperinflation, and market bubbles</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daniel S Shaffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2010</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>John Wiley &amp; Sons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_5NMT5E35" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Proof-of-work’s limited adoption problem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Franz J Hinzen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kose John</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fahad Saleh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>NYU Stern School of Business</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_9KQUZQJF" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Propertization: The Process by Which Financial Corporate Power Has Risen</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jongchul Kim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The literature on law and finance considers that law and
finance influence each other but are separate spheres that do not
constitute each other's nature. This paper opposes this conventional
dichotomy and argues that the current legal structure and legal
decisions have determined the very nature of shares, including money
market fund (MMF) shares. Western law has Roman origins and is
structured by the Roman legal division between property (rights in rem)
and contract (rights in personam). This paper examines how, in shares —
including MMF shares — contractual rights have been granted their
opposite, property rights. This paper argues that this property-ization
of contractual claims has led to the rise of financial corporate power,
especially MMFs. The paper then explores how the property-ization of MMF
shares contributed to generating the financial crisis of 2008, and it
ends by briefly discussing an MMF reform policy from a legal
perspective.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>58–82</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2478294">10.2139/ssrn.2478294</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
<li>contract</li>
<li>corporate power</li>
<li>credit</li>
<li>finance</li>
<li>financial crisis</li>
<li>money</li>
<li>money market funds</li>
<li>propertization</li>
<li>property</li>
<li>repurchase agreements</li>
<li>shares</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BFPWRAEH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Ransomware Attacks Grow, Crippling Cities and Businesses</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathaniel Popper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_LSERD92N" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Ransomware threat success factors, taxonomy, and countermeasures: A survey and research directions</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bander Ali Saleh Al-rimy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mohd Aizaini Maarof</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Syed Zainudeen Mohd Shaid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>74</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>144–166</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Computers &amp; Security</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:05:55</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:05:55</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_JEXZTT93" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Re-risking in realtime. On possible futures for finance after the blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bill Maurer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>82–96</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Behemoth-A Journal on Civilisation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HTQSM3YS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Reactionary Technopolitics: A Critical Sociohistorical Review</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sean Doody</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper outlines a critical social history of reactionary
media, political, and information networks—what I refer to generally as
technopolitics—in the United States and their significance to the
hostility towards truth and fact that is a central feature of our
political present. I begin with a critical review of the unique
right-wing media and political ecosystem that emerged from the alliance
between neoliberalism and social conservatism in the twentieth-century.
In the second section, I focus on digitization, Trump, and the
alt-right, and discuss the historical tethers connecting the latter to
the cyber-libertarians and white supremacists operating on the early
internet. Next, I take stock of the history covered in the paper, and
argue that we can see three general sociopolitical tendencies emerging
from our current juncture: something like a paleoconservative hardening
of the Republican Party's base; the degeneration of the core alt-right
into white supremacist terrorism; and the rise of an “intellectualist”
reactionary assemblage epitomized by the Intellectual Dark Web (IDW). I
provide a brief analysis of the IDW and discuss its chief political and
social significance in the post-Trump, post-alt-right social landscape
of what Jodi Dean describes as communicative capitalism.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>143–164</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Fast Capitalism</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.32855/fcapital.202001.009">10.32855/fcapital.202001.009</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1930-014X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TY4Q47RE" class="item webpage">
<h2>Reflections on the Blockchain · Rufus Pollock Online</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rufus Pollock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016-07-02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://rufuspollock.com/2016/07/02/reflections-on-the-blockchain/">https://rufuspollock.com/2016/07/02/reflections-on-the-blockchain/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:52:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>mainly a critique of early DAOs and techno-solutionism</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:52:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:53:46</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_GWPRERAP">Reflections on the Blockchain · Rufus Pollock Online </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4LRP6YCS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Regulating blockchain for sustainability? The critical
relationship between digital innovation, regulation, and electricity
governance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Carlo Amenta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>E Riva Sanseverino</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Carlo Stagnaro</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology has found several innovative
applications in the electricity industry. However, its potential has
still to be discovered. This is partly due to the role that regulation
plays in electricity markets. To be introduced, experimented with, and
eventually adopted on a commercial scale, blockchain-supported
innovations need to fit the existing regulatory framework or the rules
to be reshaped or updated. We focus on energy regulators' possible
responses to the blockchain-enhanced market operations (both from the
incumbents and potential newcomers), suggesting a monitoring mechanism
that can support innovation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629621001535">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629621001535</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>76</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102060</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research &amp; Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102060">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102060</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2214-6296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Regulation</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_ELECTRICITY</li>
<li>Energy market</li>
<li>Innovation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_S6C5RQ48" class="item book">
<h2>Regulating fraud: White-collar crime and the criminal process</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael Levi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_LX5IGYKC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Regulating Libra</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk A. Zetzsche</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ross P. Buckley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Douglas W. Arner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Libra is the first private cryptocurrency with the potential
to change the landscape of global payment and monetary systems. Due to
the scale and reach provided by its affiliation with Facebook, the
question is not whether, but how, to regulate it. This article
introduces the Libra project and analyses the potential responses open
to regulators worldwide. We conclude that perhaps the greatest impact
will come not from Libra itself, but rather from reactions to it,
particularly by other BigTechs, incumbent financial institutions and
governments around the world.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>80–113</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Oxford Journal of Legal Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqaa036">10.1093/ojls/gqaa036</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14643820</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
<li>digital identity</li>
<li>Facebook</li>
<li>financial regulation</li>
<li>stablecoin</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4FZENF9B" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Regulating smart contracts: Legal revolution or simply evolution?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Agata Ferreira</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain-based smart contracts have triggered polarised
discussions. They have been applauded as a significant technological
achievement, but also criticised as a dumb idea. Their application is
rapidly expanding in the financial sector, public sector, supply chain
management, and the automobile, real estate, insurance, and health care
industries. With the growing use of smart contracts and an increasing
variety of smart contracts applications, the debate over the legal
implications of this phenomenon has intensified and many legal issues
related to smart contracts are being examined. Legal scholars have
highlighted potential legal pitfalls, controversies and
incompatibilities with existing legal frameworks. Blockchain technology
and smart contracts have also been fuelling an interest of legislators,
who have begun to recognise regulatory uncertainties and are making the
first attempts to introduce legislative solutions to address them. This
paper aims to highlight the fervour of the scholarly debate surrounding
smart contracts and contrast it with a rather modest response from the
legislators thus far. The paper reiterates that smart contracts
represent the future. Even though they challenge practitioners,
scholars, and legislators, current legislative initiatives indicate that
under most legal systems there are no major obstacles for smart
contracts and to accommodate smart contracts within the existing legal
frameworks we should expect legal evolution rather than revolution.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102081</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Telecommunications Policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.102081">10.1016/j.telpol.2020.102081</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>03085961</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Smart contracts</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>Contract laws</li>
<li>Technology law</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LPSTU5GF" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Regulation by blockchain: The emerging battle for supremacy between the code of law and code as law</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Karen Yeung</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper critically examines the intersection and
interactions between conventional law produced and enforced by national
legal systems (ie the ‘code of law') and the internal rules of
blockchain systems, which take the form of executable software code and
cryptographic algorithms operating across a distributed computing
network (‘code as law'). In so doing, it seeks to identify whether, and
to what extent, ‘regulation by blockchain' will successfully avoid
governance by conventional law. It identifies three different ways in
which the code of law is likely to interact with code as law, based
primarily on the intended motives and purposes of those engaged in
activities in developing, maintaining or undertaking transactions upon
the network. It argues that these different classes of case are likely
to generate different kinds of dynamic interaction between the
blockchain code and conventional legal systems, and critically examines
the normative foundations of these emerging and anticipated
interactions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Wiley Online Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>82</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>207–239</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Modern Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12399">10.1111/1468-2230.12399</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14682230</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HM3ZS5P9" class="item document">
<h2>Regulation of Crypto Assets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anastasiia Morozova Cristina Cuervo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fintech-notes/Issues/2020/01/09/Regulation-of-Crypto-Assets-48810">https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fintech-notes/Issues/2020/01/09/Regulation-of-Crypto-Assets-48810</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>International Monetary Fund</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_U4GRL32M" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Regulation of Crypto Tokens and Initial Coin Offerings in the EU: De lege lata and de lege ferenda</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Vlad Burilov</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Much like initial public offerings produce publicly traded
securities, Initial Coin Offerings (icos) produce crypto tokens
tradeable on crypto exchanges. Despite an apparent need for investor
protection the ico and the tokenisation phenomenon have yet to be
addressed by legislative action on the EU level. The paper studies the
suitability of the EU regulatory framework to capture tokenised
financial instruments and utility tokens based on the views of the EU
supervisory and national competent authorities. It is argued that EU
regulators shall first ensure legal certainty by defining the scope of
tokenised financial instruments subject to MiFID. Further, authorisation
and ongoing requirements shall be adapted to address the risks posed by
distributed technology and direct global access of investors to crypto
markets. Finally, there is no immediate need for a bespoke EU-wide
regime governing utility tokens; fragmentation of the market is a
positive development providing a testing field for future supranational
initiatives.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Brill Nijhoff</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>146–186</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00602003">10.1163/22134514-00602003</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>22134514</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
<li>crypto asset</li>
<li>EU regulation</li>
<li>financial market</li>
<li>ico</li>
<li>security token</li>
<li>tokenization</li>
<li>utility token</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8YSBVH7V" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Regulation of Crypto: Who Is the Securities and Exchange Commission Protecting?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Carol R. Goforth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>SEC v. Telegram and SEC v. Kik, both decided in 2020,
establish some ground-breaking rules about how the federal securities
laws apply to cryptotransactions. In both cases, the court concluded
that a large, reputable social media company had conducted a crypto
offering in violation of federal law. In neither case was fraud or other
criminal conduct an issue; the sole problem was failure to register the
sales or comply with an exemption from registration. To find a
violation, both opinions collapsed a two-phase offering into a single,
integrated scheme. This approach appears to be an unnecessarily
overbroad application of the law, protecting neither investors nor
capital markets. A cost of this approach is that crypto entrepreneurs
are being forced away from the United States, and American investors are
denied opportunities to participate in a potentially desirable
technological revolution. This article examines the rationale employed
in these two decisions in light of the existing statutory and regulatory
framework. It also considers recent amendments to federal rules
defining the “integration doctrine,” which was relied on explicitly in
the Kik decision. This article suggests how future crypto offerings
might be structured to avoid the pitfalls created by the Kik and
Telegram opinions. It advocates a more limited approach than the one
urged by regulators. Its suggestions depend not on a change in law but
only a change in understanding what is required in order to conduct a
compliant crypto offering.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Wiley Online Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>643–705</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>American Business Law Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/ablj.12192">10.1111/ablj.12192</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17441714</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:22</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AW4W2DP6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Regulation of the Crypto-Economy: Managing Risks, Challenges, and Regulatory Uncertainty</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Douglas J. Cumming</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sofia Johan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anshum Pant</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Distributed ledger technology, also known as the blockchain,
is gaining traction globally. Blockchain offers a secure validation
mechanism and decentralized mass collaboration. Cryptocurrencies make
use of this technology as a new asset class for investors worldwide.
Cryptocurrencies are being used by companies to raise capital via
initial coin offerings (ICOs). The substantial inflow of unregulated
capital into a transactional and transnational industry has aroused
interest from not just investors, but also national securities and
monetary regulatory agencies. In this paper, we review the Security and
Exchange Commission's initial statements and subsequent pronouncements
on ICO's to illustrate the potential problems with applying an older
legal framework to an ever-evolving ecosystem. Recognizing the inability
of enforcement within existing regulatory frameworks, we discuss the
importance of regulation of the crypto asset class and internal
collaboration between government agencies and developers in the
establishment of an ecosystem that integrates investor protection and
investments.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>126</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Risk and Financial Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030126">10.3390/jrfm12030126</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1911-8074</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4XK2DJ5R" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Regulatory Technology: Replacing Law with Computer Code</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Eva Micheler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anna Whaley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In the UK both the Bank of England and the Financial Conduct
Authority have recently carried out experiments using new digital
technology for regulatory purposes. The idea is to replace rules written
in natural legal language with computer code and to use artificial
intelligence for regulatory purposes. This new way of designing
regulatory rules is in line with the UK government's vision for the
country to become a global leader in digital technology. It is also
reflected in the FCA's business plan. The article reviews the technology
and the advantages and disadvantages of combining the technology with
regulatory law. It then informs the discussion from a broader
perspective. It analyses regulatory technology through criteria
developed in the mainstream regulatory debate. It contributes to that
debate by anticipating problems that will arise as the technology
evolves. In addition, the hope is to assist the government in avoiding
mistakes that have occurred in the past and creating a better system
from the start.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>349–377</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>European Business Organization Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s40804-019-00151-1">10.1007/s40804-019-00151-1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17416205</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>FinTech</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Financial regulation</li>
<li>RegTech</li>
<li>Algorithmic regulation</li>
<li>Machine learning</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
<li>Artificial intelligence</li>
<li>Digital regulatory reporting</li>
<li>Financial technology</li>
<li>Model driven regulation</li>
<li>Regulatory technology</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RGF2HA67" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Reimagining New Socio-Technical Economics Through the Application of Distributed Ledger Technologies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sarah Manski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michel Bauwens</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is increasingly proposed
as a powerful tool to address the social and ecological challenges in
the Global South. DLTs are opening up possible futures, one of which is a
wave of infrastructure decentralization with common-centric and
cosmo-local production. Shared logistics and supply chains for a
circular economy, with collaborative and networked “flow” accounting
allow the integration of contributive logics as well as the integration
of social and ecological externalities, including practical knowledge on
resource use limitations linked to planetary boundaries, as an integral
part of ecosystems of productive collaboration. Indeed, DLTs remove the
need for central intermediaries to validate transaction between
parties, who instead place their trust in the encrypted,
disintermediated system software. DLTs can be designed as a new
unencloseable (non-commodifiable) medium of communication, which could
lead to radically new forms of cooperation, organization, and
governance. Yet these revolutionary possibilities will not be realized
unless technologists consciously and strategically design systems
redistributing sovereignty from elites to the people in financial,
service, and national infrastructures. This paper concludes with a
critical examination of the application of DLT in Puerto Rico and how
DLTs could alter the production and exchange of “value” in service of a
global popular sovereignty.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Frontiers in Blockchain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2019.00029">10.3389/fbloc.2019.00029</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>January</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>distributed ledger technology</li>
<li>sovereignty</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
<li>but in a change</li>
<li>change</li>
<li>cooperatives</li>
<li>cosmo-l</li>
<li>cosmo-local production</li>
<li>distributed value accounting</li>
<li>in an era of</li>
<li>of eras</li>
<li>we do not live</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PJF537GJ" class="item book">
<h2>Reminiscences of a stock operator</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Edwin Lefevre</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>175</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>John Wiley &amp; Sons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>04/03/2022, 03:05:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>04/03/2022, 03:05:08</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_P99IFHDE" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Renewable energy will not solve bitcoin’s sustainability problem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex de Vries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>893–898</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Joule</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_ZZW6T8YN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Review of blockchain-based distributed energy: Implications for institutional development</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Amanda Ahl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Masaru Yarime</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kenji Tanaka</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Daishi Sagawa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The future of energy is complex, with fluctuating renewable
resources in increasingly distributed systems. It is suggested that
blockchain technology is a timely innovation with potential to
facilitate this future. Peer-to-peer (P2P) microgrids can support
renewable energy as well as economically empower consumers and
prosumers. However, the rapid development of blockchain and prospects
for P2P energy networks is coupled with several grey areas in the
institutional landscape. The purpose of this paper is to holistically
explore potential challenges of blockchain-based P2P microgrids, and
propose practical implications for institutional development as well as
academia. An analytical framework for P2P microgrids is developed based
on literature review as well as expert interviews. The framework
incorporates 1) Technological, 2) Economic, 3) Social, 4) Environmental
and 5) Institutional dimensions. Directions for future work in practical
and academic contexts are identified. It is suggested that bridging the
gap from technological to institutional readiness would require the
incorporation of all dimensions as well as their inter-relatedness.
Gradual institutional change leveraging community-building and
regulatory sandbox approaches are proposed as potential pathways in
incorporating this multi-dimensionality, reducing cross-sectoral silos,
and facilitating interoperability between current and future systems. By
offering insight through holistic conceptualization, this paper aims to
contribute to expanding research in building the pillars of a more
substantiated institutional arch for blockchain in the energy sector.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032119301352">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032119301352</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>107</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>200–211</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.002</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1364-0321</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Renewable energy</li>
<li>Peer-to-peer</li>
<li>Microgrid</li>
<li>Institutions</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RQA7N9SW" class="item videoRecording">
<h2>Revolution Now! with Peter Joseph | Ep #23 | May 21st 2021</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Video Recording</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="director">Director</th>
<td>Revolution Now!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>*Special 1 hour show.In this episode, Bitcoin, Wall St and the
toxic evolution of Financialization is discussed, with secondary focus
on core principles of s...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-05-22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>www.youtube.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsghxd1cdeA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsghxd1cdeA</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:25:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:25:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:25:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_CDBDGXKL">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IR4HXXM6" class="item report">
<h2>Risks and returns of cryptocurrency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yukun Liu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Aleh Tsyvinski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Institution</th>
<td>National Bureau of Economic Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_NZLRCV6J" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Risks and returns of cryptocurrency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yukun Liu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Aleh Tsyvinski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>We establish that cryptocurrency returns are driven and can be
predicted by factors that are specific to cryptocurrency markets.
Cryptocurrency returns are exposed to cryptocurrency network factors but
not cryptocurrency production factors. We construct the network factors
to capture the user adoption of cryptocurrencies and the production
factors to proxy for the costs of cryptocurrency production. Moreover,
there is a strong time-series momentum effect, and proxies for investor
attention strongly forecast future cryptocurrency returns.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>34</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>2689–2727</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Review of Financial Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa113">10.1093/rfs/hhaa113</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14657368</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>G12</li>
<li>G31</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_E8XJIS93" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Risks of cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nicholas Weaver</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: ACM New York, NY, USA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>61</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>20–24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Communications of the ACM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_5AY7RT9F" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Running on Empty: A Proposal to Fill the Gap Between Regulation and Decentralization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hester M. Peirce</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/peirce-remarks-blockress-2020-02-06">https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/peirce-remarks-blockress-2020-02-06</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Securities and Exchange Commission</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_7ZHPRZFL" class="item webpage">
<h2>Salvadoran President Bukele's Latest Bitcoin Venture Is Another Distraction</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/12/06/bitcoin-city-el-salvador-nayib-bukele/">https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/12/06/bitcoin-city-el-salvador-nayib-bukele/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:05:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:05:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:10:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_2MLK3YPA" class="item blogPost">
<h2>SCOOP: Tether minted most USDT to just 2 firms — Alameda and Cumberland</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Tether minted and sold USDT to many other companies and
individuals. None came close to the numbers Alameda Research and
Cumberland put up.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-08-12T14:17:00+00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>SCOOP</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://protos.com/tether-minted-usdt-stablecoin-crypto-two-alameda-cumberland/">https://protos.com/tether-minted-usdt-stablecoin-crypto-two-alameda-cumberland/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 14:26:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Protos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 14:26:28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 14:26:28</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_GANP35F8">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SLZYJIQA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>SEC issues investigative report concluding DAO tokens, a digital asset, were securities</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>US Securities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Exchange Commission</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>others</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>2017–131</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>US Securities and Exchange Commission</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_4XK8X77M" class="item document">
<h2>SEC v. WJ Howey Co.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1946</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: No. 843
Pages: 293
Publication Title: US
Volume: 328</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Supreme Court</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_T36GIBLY" class="item document">
<h2>Securities and Exchange Commission v. Eyal</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: No. 19 Civ. 11325 (LLS)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Dist. Court, SD New York</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_N5BWQPU6" class="item document">
<h2>Securities and Exchange Commission v. KIK INTERACTIVE INC.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: No. 19 Civ. 5244 (AKH)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Dist. Court, SD New York</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_DQXHN4XL" class="item document">
<h2>Securities and Exchange Commission v. META 1 COIN TRUST</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: No. 1: 20-CV-273-RP</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Dist. Court, WD Texas</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_8E9WSX4U" class="item document">
<h2>Securities and Exchange Commission v. NATURAL DIAMONDS INVESTMENT CO.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: Case No. 9: 19-CV-80633-ROSENBERG/REINHART</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Dist. Court, SD Florida</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_IUFR4HWH" class="item document">
<h2>Securities and Exchange Commission v. ℡EGRAM GROUP INC.</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: No. 19 Civ. 9439 (PKC)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Dist. Court, SD New York</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_UHMDTV38" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Serial and large investors in initial coin offerings</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dmitri Boreiko</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dimche Risteski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Small Business Economics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_8GGPVXYD" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Sex, drugs, and bitcoin: How much illegal activity is financed through cryptocurrencies?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sean Foley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jonathan R Karlsen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tālis J Putniņš</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1798–1853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Review of Financial Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_CS6FGY3H" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Should we trade market stability for more financial inclusion? The case of crypto-assets regulation in EU</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ilias Kapsis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 9781000412628
Publisher: Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>85–104</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>FinTech, Artificial Intelligence and the Law: Regulation and Crime Prevention</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003020998-9">10.4324/9781003020998-9</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_JAP9FLEY" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Silicon Valley investors line up to back Telegram ICO</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chloe Cornish</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Richard Waters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/790d9506-0175-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5">https://www.ft.com/content/790d9506-0175-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_E3KA35TU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Singulariser le multiple</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anthony Masure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Guillaume Helleu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Parmi les technologies majeures qui se sont succédé depuis la
fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la blockchain (2009), dont Bitcoin,
reste encore mal comprise en dehors de ses applications monétaires. Elle
a pourtant déjà des conséquences importantes dans le champ de la
création (art, design, jeu vidéo, etc.) à travers le développement,
depuis 2015, des « Non Fungible Tokens » (NFT) – à savoir la production
d'un certificat numérique infalsifiable et décentralisé attaché à une
entité numérique tangible. Contrairement à la pensée des « communs » et à
la culture du libre, les NFT promettent de créer de la « rareté
numérique » : sans eux, une fois mis en ligne sur le Web, une image, une
vidéo, un film ou une musique peuvent être dupliqués et circuler sans
aucune possibilité de contrôle. Mis en lumière depuis le début de
l'année 2021 par une multitude de ventes aux sommes record (69 millions
de dollars pour un NFT de l'artiste Beeple) et par le développement de
places de marché spécifiques, les NFT soulèvent des enjeux relatifs à la
valeur, à la circulation et à l'exposition des productions artistiques
et culturelles.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Association Multitudes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>85</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>210–219</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Multitudes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3917/mult.085.0210">10.3917/mult.085.0210</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_GENERAL</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VPJBR3ET" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Smart (Legal) Contracts, or: Which (Contract) Law for Smart Contracts?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Giesela Rühl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The law applicable to smart contracts is a neglected topic. At
times it is even discarded as irrelevant or unnecessary. In fact, many
authors claim that smart contracts especially when stored and executed
with the help of blockchain technology make contract law and, in fact,
the entire legal system obsolete. “Code is law” is the frequently cited
catchphrase. In the following chapter I will challenge this view and
argue, first, that smart contracts need contract law just as other,
traditional contracts, and, second, that the applicable contract law
can—at least in most cases—be determined with the help of the
traditional rules of private international law.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-52722-8_11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>159–180</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Blockchain, Law and Governance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_UUUF6FRF" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Smart Contracts on the Blockchain – A Bibliometric Analysis and Review</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lennart Ante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Smart contracts are decentrally anchored scripts on
blockchains or similar infrastructures that allow the transparent
execution of predefined processes. Using smart contracts, assets like
money become programmable, which opens up previously inaccessible
application potential. To date, smart contracts control billions in
value. This paper analyzes 468 peer-reviewed articles on the topic of
smart contracts and their 20,188 references, providing a summary and
analysis of the current state of research on smart contracts. Using
exploratory factor analysis for co-citation analysis, we identify six
different strands of research that concern technical, social, economic
and legal disciplines: I) technical foundations, development and open
questions of blockchain networks, II) blockchain and smart contracts for
the Internet of Things, III) smart contract standardization,
verification and security, IV) blockchain and smart contracts for the
disruption of existing processes and industries, V) potentials and
challenges of smart contracts, and VI) smart contracts and the law. The
interrelations between these groups are visualized using social network
analysis. We thus obtain a structured overview of the main strands of
research concerning smart contracts, their development over time, the
relevance of smart contract platforms in research, and conceptual
connections between publications and discourses. The results offer
researchers and practitioners a substantial basis for their work on
smart contracts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3576393">10.2139/ssrn.3576393</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>ethereum</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>distributed ledger</li>
<li>informetric analysis</li>
<li>internet of things</li>
<li>social network analysis</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_E5K8SW9C" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Smart contracts on the blockchain – A bibliometric analysis and review</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lennart Ante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Smart contracts are decentrally anchored scripts on
blockchains or similar infrastructures that allow the transparent
execution of predefined processes. Using smart contracts, business logic
can be automated and assets such as money become programmable, which
opens up previously inaccessible application potential. To date, smart
contracts control billions in value. This paper analyzes 468 articles on
the topic of smart contracts and their 20,188 references, providing a
summary and analysis of the current state of research on smart contracts
and identifying intellectual structures and emerging trends. Using
exploratory factor analysis for co-citation analysis, six different
strands of research are identified that concern technical, social,
economic and legal disciplines: I) technical foundations, development
and open questions of blockchain networks, II) blockchain and smart
contracts for the Internet of Things, III) smart contract
standardization, verification and security, IV) blockchain and smart
contracts for the disruption of existing processes and industries, V)
potentials and challenges of smart contracts, and VI) smart contracts
and the law. The interrelations between these groups and individual
high-impact publications are visualized using social network analysis. A
structured overview of the main strands of research concerning smart
contracts, their development over time, the relevance of smart contract
platforms in research, and conceptual connections between publications
and discourses is obtained. Based on the results, starting points for
future research are derived, which offer researchers and practitioners a
substantial basis for their work on smart contracts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Pergamon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101519</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Telematics and Informatics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101519">10.1016/j.tele.2020.101519</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>07365853</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Ethereum</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Distributed ledger</li>
<li>Social network analysis</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>Informetric analysis</li>
<li>Internet of Things</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4XJ6GF6H" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Smart contracts: terminology, technical limitations and real world complexity</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Eliza Mik</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>If one is to believe the popular press and many “technical
writings,” blockchains create not only a perfect transactional
environment but also obviate the need for banks, lawyers and courts. The
latter will soon be replaced by smart contracts: unbiased and
infallible computer programs that form, perform and enforce agreements.
Predictions of future revolutions must, however, be distinguished from
the harsh reality of the commercial marketplace and the technical
limitations of blockchains. The fact that a technological solution is
innovative and elegant need not imply that it is commercially useful or
legally viable. Apart from attempting a terminological “clean-up”
surrounding the term smart contract, this paper presents some
technological and legal constraints on their use. It confronts the
popular claims concerning their ability to automate transactions and to
ensure perfect performance. It also examines the possibility of reducing
contractual relationships to code and the ability to integrate smart
contracts with the complexities of the real world. A closer analysis
reveals that smart contracts can hardly be regarded as a semi-mythical
technology liberating the contracting parties from the shackles of
traditional legal and financial institutions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>269–300</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Law, Innovation and Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2017.1378468">10.1080/17579961.2017.1378468</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1757997X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>smart contracts</li>
<li>Blockchains</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>contract law</li>
<li>distributed ledgers</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7YKCAEIV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Software Developers as Fiduciaries in Public Blockchains</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Angela Walch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This chapter addresses the myth of decentralized governance of
public blockchains, arguing that certain people who create, operate, or
reshape them function much like fiduciaries of those who rely on these
powerful data structures. Explicating the crucial functions that leading
software developers perform, the chapter compares the role to Tamar
Frankel's conception of a fiduciary, and finds much in common, as users
of these technologies place extreme trust in the leading developers to
be both competent and loyal (ie, to be free of conflicts of interest).
The chapter then frames the cost-benefit analysis necessary to evaluate
whether, on balance, it is a good idea to treat these parties as
fiduciaries, and outlines key questions needed to flesh out the
fiduciary categorization. For example, which software developers are
influential enough to resemble fiduciaries? Are all users of a
blockchain ‘entrustors' of the fiduciaries who operate the blockchain,
or only a subset of those who rely on the blockchain? Finally, the
chapter concludes with reflections on the broader implications of
treating software developers as fiduciaries, given the existing
accountability paradigm that largely shields software developers from
liability for the code they create.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Chapter in Regulating Blockchain. Techno-Social and Legal Challenges, edited$\sim$\ldots</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Regulating Blockchain. Techno-Social and Legal Challenges, ed.
by Philipp Hacker, Ioannis Lianos, Georgios Dimitropoulos &amp; Stefan
Eich, Oxford University Press, 2019.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3203198">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3203198</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ICC5HK9U" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Solutions That Create Problems</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ed Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Yesterday I had a quasi-viral tweet about how I cannot for the
life of me find an explanation as to why Web3 and the blockchain are so
inevitably the future. Charlie Warzel, ever the optimist for no given
reason suggested the following: Instead of a technology achieving mass
adoption and creating a culture in its wake, much of the crypto movement
is a durable culture that is waiting for its mass-adoption product and
trying to spin up technologies that augment the culture.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://ez.substack.com/p/solutions-that-create-problems">https://ez.substack.com/p/solutions-that-create-problems</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:14:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Ed Zitron's Where's Your Ed At</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Type</th>
<td>Substack newsletter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:14:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:14:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_NWEREK7J">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_CDFTJ3XM" class="item report">
<h2>Some simple economics of the blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Catalini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Joshua S Gans</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Institution</th>
<td>National Bureau of Economic Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_IYS7PFTP" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Some traders are talking up cryptocurrencies, then dumping them, costing others millions</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shane Shifflett</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul Vigna</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Wall Street Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_XRP57PLB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Special report: in Venezuela, new cryptocurrency is nowhere to be found</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Brian Ellsworth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>30–08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Reuters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_3IP83E4H" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Stablecoins: Survivorship, Transactions Costs and Exchange Microstructure</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bruce Mizrach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Seven of the ten largest stablecoins are backed by fiat
assets. The 2016 and 2017 vintages of stablecoins have failure rates of
100% and 50% respectively. More than one-third of stablecoins have
failed. Tether has a 39% share of 1.77 trillion USD in 2021Q2
transactions, and USD Coin 28%. The top three stablecoins have an
average velocity of 28.3. Tether transacted between 3.8 million unique
addresses, 63% of the ERC-20 token network. Six of the top ten tokens
have unconcentrated Herfindahl indices, but Gemini, Pax and Huobi have
single holders with more than 50% of the supply. The median Tether
transaction fee is similar to the cost of an ATM transaction, but they
are three to four times more for Dai and USDC. Fees, which are
proportional to the price of Ethereum, are rising though. Median fees
for Tether rose 3,628% over the last year, and 1,897% for USD Coin. 24
hour exchange turnover in Tether is nearly $120 billion. This is
comparable to the daily volume at the NYSE and almost 15 times the daily
flow in money market mutual funds. Narrow bid-ask spreads and depth
have attracted active HFT participation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3835219">10.2139/ssrn.3835219</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_I4UX5UUY" class="item videoRecording">
<h2>Stolen Bitcoin Tracing - Computerphile - YouTube</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Video Recording</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="director">Director</th>
<td>Computerphile</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-03-23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlLN0QERWBs&amp;ab_channel=Computerphile">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlLN0QERWBs&amp;ab_channel=Computerphile</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:16:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:16:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:17:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_KXXKC6PM">Stolen Bitcoin Tracing - Computerphile - YouTube </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SHZRUGTJ" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Substituting trust by technology: A comparative study</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rath Johanna</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This study contrasts different effects of applying blockchain
technology on a social norm of trust and individual behaviour. The
advanced technological features of blockchain could either complete
contractual information and prevent coordination failures by
substituting the need for trust or allow for some degree of
incompleteness in information and favour a reciprocal mechanism of trust
to solve for inefficiencies arising out of it. Either way, incomplete
information is a necessary condition for the emergence of social norms
of trust and reciprocity; hence a change in the completion of
contractual information influences the institutional setting that market
mechanisms are embedded in. One evolutionary process drives both, the
degree of information available and behavioural traits within the
society. Technology is neutral, but the way it is applied has different
consequences on the institutional setting and thus favours different
individual behavioural traits. Blockchain technology might either
substitute or complement the need for trust</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/216850">https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/216850</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/216850
ISSN: 00029211
Publication Title: ICAE Working Paper Series, No. 107 Provided
PMID: 14005845</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3A6H5ZRE" class="item webpage">
<h2>Supposedly Green Cryptocurrency Chia Is Just Another Way of Wasting Resources</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Gerard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/23/cryptocurrency-chia-waste-resources-bitcoin/">https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/23/cryptocurrency-chia-waste-resources-bitcoin/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:04:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:04:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:10:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_3QTV39X9" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Survival of the cryptic: Tracing technological imaginaries across ideologies, infrastructures, and community practices</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sarah Myers West</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article explores an inflection point for the crypto
community as it grappled with a series of cascading failures. Drawing on
3 years of ethnographic observation and interviews at conferences
devoted to building privacy systems, I consider how a determinist
conception of encryption technologies inhibited the widespread adoption
of privacy technologies. I develop the frame of “survival of the
cryptic” to call attention to the way this conception fails to
acknowledge how power shapes the conditions of surveillance: that race
and racism, gender and misogyny affect not only who is most impacted by
surveillance but also how the encryption technologies developed to
inhibit surveillance were designed—and, as importantly, who they were
designed for. I conclude by offering a new imaginary for encryption that
draws on queer, black and feminist thought by centering the need to
create safe and autonomous spaces for collective survival under
conditions of mass surveillance.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1461444820983017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>New Media and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820983017">10.1177/1461444820983017</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14617315</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>privacy</li>
<li>surveillance</li>
<li>encryption</li>
<li>Cypherpunk</li>
<li>technodeterminism</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9NPXMZUN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Tackling climate change with blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter Howson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Concern about the carbon footprint of Bitcoin is not holding
back blockchain developers from leveraging the technology for action on
climate change. Although blockchain technology is enabling individuals
and businesses to manage their carbon emissions, the social and
environmental costs and benefits of doing so remain unclear.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0567-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0567-9</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>644–645</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Nature Climate Change</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0567-9">10.1038/s41558-019-0567-9</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17586798</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HGB5JIV4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Taking a bit out of crime: Bitcoin and cross-border tax evasion</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Thomas Slattery</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>829</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Brook. J. Int'l L.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:06:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:06:57</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_2WMM87ZI" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Taking Blockchain Seriously</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robert Herian</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In the present techno-political moment it is clear that
ignoring or dismissing the hype surrounding blockchain is unwise, and
certainly for regulatory authorities and governments who must keep a
grip on the technology and those promoting it, in order to ensure
democratic accountability and regulatory legitimacy within the
blockchain ecosystem and beyond. Blockchain is telling (and showing) us
something very important about the evolution of capital and neoliberal
economic reason, and the likely impact in the near future on forms and
patterns of work, social organization, and, crucially, on communities
and individuals who lack influence over the technologies and data that
increasingly shape and control their lives. In this short essay I
introduce some of the problems in the regulation of blockchain and offer
counter-narratives aimed at cutting through the hype fuelling the
ascendency of this most contemporary of technologies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>163–171</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Law and Critique</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-018-9226-y">10.1007/s10978-018-9226-y</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15728617</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Regulation</li>
<li>Technology</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
<li>Data</li>
<li>Neoliberalism</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FRIKKMYA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Taming Wildcat Stablecoins</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gary B Gorton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jeffery Zhang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Available at SSRN 3888752</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_D88D8BE6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Taming Wildcat Stablecoins</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gary B. Gorton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jeffery Zhang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Cryptocurrencies are all the rage, but there is nothing new
about privately produced money. The goal of private money is to be
accepted at par with no questions asked. This did not occur during the
Free Banking Era in the United States—a period that most resembles the
current world of stablecoins. State-chartered banks in the Free Banking
Era experienced panics, and their private monies made it very hard to
transact because of fluctuating prices. That system was curtailed by the
National Bank Act of 1863, which created a uniform national currency
backed by U.S. Treasury bonds. Subsequent legislation taxed the
state-chartered banks' paper currencies out of existence in favor of a
single sovereign currency. The newest type of private money is now upon
us—in the form of stablecoins like “Tether” and Facebook's “Diem”
(formerly “Libra”). Based on lessons learned from history, we argue that
privately produced monies are not an effective medium of exchange
because they are not always accepted at par and are subject to runs. We
present proposals to address the systemic risks created by stablecoins,
including regulating stablecoin issuers as banks and issuing a central
bank digital currency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3888752">10.2139/ssrn.3888752</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_N4VG8PBL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Taxonomy of centralization in public blockchain systems: A systematic literature review</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ashish Rajendra Sai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jim Buckley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Brian Fitzgerald</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrew Le Gear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin introduced delegation of control over a monetary
system from a select few to all who participate in that system. This
delegation is known as the decentralization of controlling power and is a
powerful security mechanism for the ecosystem. After the introduction
of Bitcoin, the field of cryptocurrency has seen widespread attention
from industry and academia, so much so that the original novel
contribution of Bitcoin, i.e., decentralization, may be overlooked, due
to decentralizations' assumed fundamental existence for the functioning
of such crypto-assets. However, recent studies have observed a trend of
increased centralization in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and
Ethereum. As this increased centralization has an impact the security of
the blockchain, it is crucial that it is measured, towards adequate
control. This research derives an initial taxonomy of centralization
present in decentralized blockchains through rigorous synthesis using a
systematic literature review. This is followed by iterative refinement
through expert interviews. We systematically analyzed 89 research papers
published between 2009 and 2019. Our study contributes to the existing
body of knowledge by highlighting the multiple definitions and
measurements of centralization in the literature. We identify different
aspects of centralization and propose an encompassing taxonomy of
centralization concerns. This taxonomy is based on empirically
observable and measurable characteristics. It consists of 13 aspects of
centralization, classified over six architectural layers: Governance,
Network, Consensus, Incentive, Operational, and Application. We also
discuss how the implications of centralization can vary depending on the
aspects studied. We believe that this review and taxonomy provides a
comprehensive overview of centralization in decentralized blockchains
involving various conceptualizations and measures.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier
_eprint: 2009.12542</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102584</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Information Processing and Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102584">10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102584</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>03064573</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>Security</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
<li>Centralization</li>
<li>Classification</li>
<li>Decentralized blockchain</li>
<li>Measurement</li>
<li>Taxonomy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_N33ZACEC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Technobabble, Libertarian Derp and Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul Krugman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_AWXLIUYK" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Technological and socio- institutional dimensions of cryptocurrencies. An incremental or disruptive innovation?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matilde Massó</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anastasiya Shevchenko</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nazaret Abalde-Bastero</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Despite the increase in literature on financial innovation as a
force of change in the financial system, most contributions fail to
analyze the relationship between the socio-institutional and
technological design of cryptocurrencies. This paper aims to fill this
gap by providing a case study of Bitcoin, the most representative of the
virtual and cryptocurrencies. We begin by addressing the concept of
financial innovation as a social phenomenon embedded in networks of
users, technologists, regulations, institutions, culture and history.
Secondly, we examine the disruptive and evolutionary nature of the
Bitcoin, comparing it with the characteristics of legal tender money.
The main conclusions indicate that although Bitcoin represents a
disruptive technology in the process of monetary creation through a
peer-to-peer network, it is not a new conception of money in its
institutional dimension.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Review of Sociology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2021.2015981">10.1080/03906701.2021.2015981</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0390-6701</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:44</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4BEC2W2V" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Technopopulism and Central Banks</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Carola Binder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In recent years, warnings of a populist threat to central bank
independence have proliferated. These warnings are based on a
deep-seated antagonism between technocracy and populism. I argue that to
understand current challenges for central banks, we should question the
assumed antagonism between populism and technocracy. Political
scientists Chris Bickerton and Carlo Accetti (2021) claim that advanced
democratic states today are in a technopopulist age, “increasingly
ordered around the combination of appeals to the people and to expertise
and competence” (pg. 157). This paper discusses central bank
independence in the technopopulist age. First, I describe the inherent
tension around the role of expertise in a democracy, and how this
tension has been approached in the delegation of monetary policymaking
to independent central banks. Next, I discuss the transition from an era
of ideological political logic to the current era of technopopulism.
Then I explain how the technopopulist influence is especially evident in
recent pressures on central banks, changes in central bank
communication, and recent amendments to the Federal Reserve's longer-run
strategy. An important point is that under technopopulism, populists do
not reject technocratic expertise, but instead rely on it to translate
their causes into policy. Central banks thus face pressure to use their
technocratic discretion to do more to serve the people, and to be
directly accountability to the people rather than to elected
representatives. In return for greater responsiveness, they gain even
greater power and discretion.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3823456">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3823456</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3823456">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3823456</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HH8BSNZ3" class="item webpage">
<h2>Ten Years In, Nobody Has Come Up With a Use for Blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kai Stinchcombe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017-12-22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://hackernoon.com/ten-years-in-nobody-has-come-up-with-a-use-case-for-blockchain-ee98c180100">https://hackernoon.com/ten-years-in-nobody-has-come-up-with-a-use-case-for-blockchain-ee98c180100</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:18:51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Hackernoon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:18:51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:20:29</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_B2B8KUP6">
<div><p>"Each purported use case — from payments to legal documents,
from escrow to voting systems—amounts to a set of contortions to add a
distributed, encrypted, anonymous ledger where none was needed. What if
there isn’t actually any use for a distributed ledger at all? What if,
ten years after it was invented, the reason nobody has adopted a
distributed ledger at scale is because nobody wants it?"</p></div>
</li>
<li id="item_SDMBNFNV">
<div><p>Part of Kai Stinchcombe series that discusses whether blockchain
can solve various real world use-cases better than traditional
technologies</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_7X9755WV">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HHLZ5E35" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Terrorists Turn to Bitcoin for Funding, and They’re Learning Fast</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathaniel Popper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>92–4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_IBIL9LND" class="item webpage">
<h2>Tether and Bitfinex Introduction</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tomlin Bennet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://bennettftomlin.com/2021/08/08/tether-and-bitfinex-introduction/">https://bennettftomlin.com/2021/08/08/tether-and-bitfinex-introduction/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:46:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:46:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:46:59</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_CCQAA3TB">Tether and Bitfinex Introduction – Bennett's Blog </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TJLQ2CBJ" class="item blogPost">
<h2>The Absurdity is the Point</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Charlie Warzel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>"I feel like a moron typing all of this. But I just have to type it!"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-05-11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://warzel.substack.com/p/the-absurdity-is-the-point">https://warzel.substack.com/p/the-absurdity-is-the-point</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:14:54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Galaxy Brain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Type</th>
<td>Substack newsletter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:14:54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 11:15:06</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>absurdity</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_7LM4IKTZ">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XJJFEU4K" class="item thesis">
<h2>The Aesthetics of Decentralization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Zhexi Zhang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/123614">https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/123614</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/123614</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>University</th>
<td>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:39</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>1 argue that the imaginary and aesthetic power of</li>
<li>a process which imputes the rational consistency o</li>
<li>an artistic engagement with society's technologica</li>
<li>but broadly seeks to reconfigure the technical org</li>
<li>cultural metaphors and social forms. A key counter</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
<li>decentralization imagines that political objective</li>
<li>freedom and even libertarian self-sovereignty with</li>
<li>I explore the ways in which the "aesthetics of dec</li>
<li>I suggest that the decentralized web falters as a</li>
<li>In Chapter 3</li>
<li>In seeking to negate this centralization of power</li>
<li>it fails to antagonize the structures of technolog</li>
<li>of a social imaginary.</li>
<li>ownership and participation within the networked w</li>
<li>rather than a coercive armature</li>
<li>reading their propositions as an effort to reconst</li>
<li>the conceptual and performative metaphors engender</li>
<li>the decentralized web is a multifaceted technologi</li>
<li>This thesis explores ways in which decentralized n</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5ZBF2E6X" class="item document">
<h2>The Alchemy of a Pyramid: Transmutating Business Opportunity Into a Negative Sum Wealth Transfer</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>A Stivers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://ssrn.com/paper=3497682">http://ssrn.com/paper=3497682</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_NSRN9AMA" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Alegality of Blockchain Technology</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Primavera De Filippi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Morshed Mannan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wessel Reijers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4001696">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4001696</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Policy and Society, Cambridge University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4001696">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4001696</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3JKTMYVK" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The alter-politics of complementary currencies: The case of Sardex</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paolo Dini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexandros Kioupkiolis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper addresses the question whether complementary
currencies can help us think and practice politics in new and different
ways which contribute to democratic change and civic empowerment in our
times. The space created by the Sardex complementary currency circuit in
Sardinia (2009-to date) seems to leave enough room for the emergence of
a collective micropolitical consciousness. At the same time, the design
of a technological and financial infrastructure is also an alternative
political, or “alter-political” choice. Both are alternative to
hegemonic politics and to typical modes of mobilization and
contestation. Thus, the Sardex circuit can best be understood as an
alter-political combination of the bottom-up micropolitics of personal
interactions within the circuit and of the politics of technology
implicit in the top-down design of the technological and financial
infrastructure underpinning the circuit. The Sardex experience suggests
that a market that mediates the (local) real economy only and shuts out
the financial economy can provide economic sustainability by supporting
SMEs, supply a shield against the adverse effects of financial crises,
and counteract the fetishization of money by disclosing daily its roots
in social construction within a controlled environment of mutual
responsibility, solidarity, and trust. We broached the Sardex currency
and circuit in such terms in order to illustrate a significant and
effective instance of alter-politics in our times and also to indicate,
more specifically, community financial innovations which could be taken
up and re-deployed to democratize or “commonify” local economies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1646625">https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1646625</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Cogent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Cogent Social Sciences</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1646625">10.1080/23311886.2019.1646625</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>23311886</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>commons</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
<li>alternative politics</li>
<li>complementary currencies</li>
<li>micropolitics</li>
<li>mutual credit</li>
<li>politics of technology</li>
<li>SME empowerment</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NA37DD4P" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>The anatomy of a cryptocurrency pump-and-dump scheme</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jiahua Xu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benjamin Livshits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1609–1625</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>28th USENIX Security Symposium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_FEYYKJNY" class="item thesis">
<h2>The Authority of Distributed Consensus Systems Trust, Governance,
and Normative Perspectives on Blockchains and Distributed Ledgers</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>M Crepaldi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The subjects of this dissertation are distributed consensus
systems (DCS). These systems gained prominence with the implementation
of cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. This work aims at understanding
the drivers and motives behind the adoption of this class of
technologies, and to – consequently – evaluate the social and normative
implications of blockchains and distributed ledgers. To do so, a
phenomenological account of the field of distributed consensus systems
is offered, then the core claims for the adoption of systems are taken
into consideration. Accordingly, the relevance of these technologies on
trust and governance is examined. It will be argued that the effects on
these two elements do not justify the adoption of distributed consensus
systems satisfactorily. Against this backdrop, it will be held that
blockchains and similar technologies are being adopted because they are
regarded as having a valid claim to authority as specified by Max Weber,
i.e., herrschaft. Consequently, it will be discussed whether current
implementations fall – and to what extent – within the legitimate types
of traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal authority. The
conclusion is that the conceptualization developed by Weber does not
capture the core ideas that appear to establish the belief in the
legitimacy of distributed consensus systems. Therefore, this
dissertation describes the herrschaft of systems such as blockchains by
conceptualizing a computational extension of the pure type of
rational-legal authority, qualified as algorithmic authority. The
foundational elements of algorithmic authority are then discussed.
Particular attention is focused on the idea of normativity cultivated in
systems of algorithmic rules as well as the concept of
decentralization. Practical suggestions conclude the following
dissertation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9432/">http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9432/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9432/</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YZ8YHYSR" class="item thesis">
<h2>The Authority of Distributed Consensus Systems Trust, Governance,
and Normative Perspectives on Blockchains and Distributed Ledgers</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>M Crepaldi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The subjects of this dissertation are distributed consensus
systems (DCS). These systems gained prominence with the implementation
of cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. This work aims at understanding
the drivers and motives behind the adoption of this class of
technologies, and to – consequently – evaluate the social and normative
implications of blockchains and distributed ledgers. To do so, a
phenomenological account of the field of distributed consensus systems
is offered, then the core claims for the adoption of systems are taken
into consideration. Accordingly, the relevance of these technologies on
trust and governance is examined. It will be argued that the effects on
these two elements do not justify the adoption of distributed consensus
systems satisfactorily. Against this backdrop, it will be held that
blockchains and similar technologies are being adopted because they are
regarded as having a valid claim to authority as specified by Max Weber,
i.e., herrschaft. Consequently, it will be discussed whether current
implementations fall – and to what extent – within the legitimate types
of traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal authority. The
conclusion is that the conceptualization developed by Weber does not
capture the core ideas that appear to establish the belief in the
legitimacy of distributed consensus systems. Therefore, this
dissertation describes the herrschaft of systems such as blockchains by
conceptualizing a computational extension of the pure type of
rational-legal authority, qualified as algorithmic authority. The
foundational elements of algorithmic authority are then discussed.
Particular attention is focused on the idea of normativity cultivated in
systems of algorithmic rules as well as the concept of
decentralization. Practical suggestions conclude the following
dissertation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9432/">http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9432/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9432/</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9FM3UZJL" class="item book">
<h2>The best way to rob a bank is to own one</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>William K Black</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>University of Texas Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_V2KZLIXC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The bitcoin blockchain as financial market infrastructure: A consideration of operational risk</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Angela Walch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>837</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>NYUJ Legis. &amp; Pub. Pol'y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:31:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:31:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_SY6Y6XJL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The bitcoin blockchain as financial market infrastructure: A consideration of operational risk</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Angela Walch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>837</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>NYUJ Legis. &amp; Pub. Pol'y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:16:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:16:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_XG6N4IN7" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Bitcoin game: Ethno-resonance as method</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Donncha Kavanagh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gianluca Miscione</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>P. J. Ennis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The global financial crisis and the contemporaneous emergence
of the digital currency Bitcoin invite us to think about money and how
it often functions almost imperceptibly in society. In this article, we
show that Bitcoin is a ‘new object of concern' that also compels us to
reimagine ethnography in a digital age. We present a method, which we
term ethno-resonance, that is both a reaction to the conditions
presented by the Bitcoin phenomenon and a way of maintaining critical
distance from its cyberlibertarian politics. We explicate six aspects of
the method, framed around answers to what, why, how, who, when and
where questions. Applied to cryptocurrencies, the method leads us to
depict Bitcoin as a game, and we analyse the game's dynamics through
mapping the interplay between four foundational myths that animate,
complicate and sustain the game. More broadly, this contributes to our
understanding of the nature of money and alternative currencies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>517–536</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Organization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1350508419828567">10.1177/1350508419828567</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14617323</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>money</li>
<li>ethnography</li>
<li>ethno-resonance</li>
<li>ethnomethodology</li>
<li>games</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QF7KCZF6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Bitcoin protocol as law, and the politics of a stateless currency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sarah Jeong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Available at SSRN 2294124</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_UFEW88U9" class="item book">
<h2>The Bitcoin Standard: the Decentralized Alternative to central banking</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Saifedean Ammous</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>"Bitcoin is the digital age's novel, decentralized, and
automated solution to the problem of money: accessible worldwide,
controlled by nobody. Can this young upstart money challenge the global
monetary order? Economist Saifedean Ammous traces the history of the
technologies of money to seashells, limestones, cattle, salt, beads,
metals, and government debt, explaining what gave these technologies
their monetary role, what makes for sound money, and the benefits of a
sound monetary regime to economic growth, innovation, culture, trade,
individual freedom, and international peace"--</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>The bitcoin standard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>Library of Congress ISBN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Call Number</th>
<td>HG1710</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Place</th>
<td>Hoboken, New Jersey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Wiley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<td>978-1-119-47391-6 978-1-119-47389-3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:09:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>23/02/2022, 16:14:25</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Electronic commerce</li>
<li>Government policy</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_E3QL3DTR">
<div><p>Money -- Primitive moneys -- Monetary metals -- Government money
-- Digital money -- Sound money and time preference -- Money as
capitalism's information system -- Sound money and individual freedom --
What is bitcoin good for? -- Bitcoin questions</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_8VVQ2PUG">Ammous - 2018 - The bitcoin standard the decentralized alternativ.epub </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KAYIH7DR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The blockchain and how it can influence conceptions of the self</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stanton Heister</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kristi Yuthas</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technologies are rapidly being developed and tested
in a broad range of business and governmental settings. Their unique
cryp­to­graphic char­ac­ter­is­tics and con­fig­u­ra­tions enable users
of these systems to transact directly and anonymously. The data these
users generate are timestamped and immutable. In open blockhains,
individual users take responsibility for managing and protecting their
own data and for ensuring the reliability of the parties with whom they
transact. The socio-material characteristics of these systems will
influence user attitudes and behaviors in ways that are profound and
difficult to predict. Outcomes have not yet been researched, and the
academy has adopted a stance of technological determinism despite the
fact that implicit assumptions about outcomes are literally coded in as
these systems are developed. We envision potential impacts that may
result from self-sovereign ownership of data including: commoditization
of the self and relationships with others, the need to police personal
data and reputation, and new perceptions of time and history that result
from transaction sequentialization and permanence. Further research on
the societal impacts of blockchain technologies is needed as these
systems become ubiquitous.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>60</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101218</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Technology in Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101218">10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101218</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0160791X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>Decentralization</li>
<li>Trust</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>Distributed ledger technology (DLT)</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>Privacy</li>
<li>Social ideology</li>
<li>Societal impact</li>
<li>Socio-materiality</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_2DXQ5TGC" class="item manuscript">
<h2>The Blockchain and the Commons: Dilemmas in the Design of Local Platforms</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nazli Cila</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gabriele Ferri</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Martijn De Waal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Inte Gloerich</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tara Karpinski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper addresses the design dilemmas that arise when
distributed ledger technologies (DLT) are to be applied in the
governance of artificial material commons. DLTs, such as blockchain, are
often presented as enabling technologies for self-governing
communities, provided by their consensus mechanisms, transparent
administration, and incentives for collaboration and cooperation. Yet,
these affordances may also undermine public values such as privacy and
displace human agency in governance procedures. In this paper, the
conflicts regarding the governance of communities which collectively
manage and produce a commons are discussed through the case of a
fictional energy community. Three mechanisms are identified in this
process: tracking use of and contributions to the commons; managing
resources, and negotiating the underlying rule sets and user rights. Our
effort is aimed at contributing to the HCI community by introducing a
framework of three mechanisms and six design dilemmas that can aid in
balancing conflicting values in the design of local platforms for
commons-based resource management.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 9781450367080
Publication Title: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings
DOI: 10.1145/3313831.3376660</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>governance</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>commons</li>
<li>design dilemmas</li>
<li>energy community</li>
<li>platformization</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_63LAWSAP" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Blockchain as a Narrative Technology: Investigating the Social Ontology and Normative Configurations of Cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wessel Reijers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mark Coeckelbergh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this paper, we engage in a philosophical investigation of
how blockchain technologies such as cryptocurrencies can mediate our
social world. Emerging blockchain-based decentralised applications have
the potential to transform our financial system, our bureaucracies and
models of governance. We construct an ontological framework of
“narrative technologies” that allows us to show how these technologies,
like texts, can configure our social reality. Drawing from the work of
Ricoeur and responding to the works of Searle, in postphenomenology and
STS, we show how blockchain technologies bring about a process of
emplotment: an organisation of characters and events. First, we show how
blockchain technologies actively configure plots such as financial
transactions by rendering them increasingly rigid. Secondly, we show how
they configure abstractions from the world of action, by replacing
human interactions with automated code. Third, we investigate the role
of people's interpretative distances towards blockchain technologies:
discussing the importance of greater public involvement with their
application in different realms of social life.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Philosophy &amp; Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>103–130</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Philosophy and Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-016-0239-x">10.1007/s13347-016-0239-x</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>22105441</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>Blockchain technology</li>
<li>Ethics</li>
<li>Narrative</li>
<li>Politics</li>
<li>Ricoeur</li>
<li>Searle</li>
<li>STS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_JZ4GJJ5Y" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The blockchain conundrum: humans, community regulation and chains</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lachlan Robb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Felicity Deane</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kieran Tranter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain can be used to build a human-centric future. This
is a challenge to recent critical literature on blockchain that sees it
as another manifestation of digital capitalism that is profoundly
antisocial and anti-human. This argument is in three parts. The first
part identifies in the hype and critical literatures about blockchain,
the blockchain conundrum of the freedom/constraint dyad. While tempting
to see these literatures as forming a sealed hermeneutic of
over-positive meets over-negative, it is argued that the critical
discourse in locating blockchain within digital capitalism provides an
insight that could unravel the blockchain conundrum. The critical
literature identifies regulation as essential for human blockchain
futures. The second part unravels the blockchain conundrum through this
focus on regulation–through two accounts of law, technology and society;
Lessig's notion of actors as ‘pathetic dots' and Brownsword's reimaging
of regulation in technological societies. It is suggested that
Brownsword's emphasis provides a more nuanced way to make human-centric
blockchain futures. The final part builds from Brownsword's resolution
of the blockchain conundrum, to examine a particular blockchain
application in retail supply (BeefLedger) as representing assemblages
including blockchains in building human-centric futures through trusted
communities that enable, rather than restrict, meaningful human action.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2021.1977215">https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2021.1977215</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>355–376</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Law, Innovation and Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2021.1977215">10.1080/17579961.2021.1977215</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1757997X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>regulation</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
<li>Brownsword</li>
<li>conundrum</li>
<li>human-centric futures</li>
<li>Lessig</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_T2TXBLX8">
<div><p>doi: 10.1080/17579961.2021.1977215</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_23AELQK2" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Blockchain That Was Not: The Case of Four Cooperative Agroecological Supermarkets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marc Rocas-Royo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain is a technology with many applications derived from
its properties. This article analyzes the case of 4 cooperative
agroecological supermarkets and in what circumstances blockchain is an
exciting technology to adopt. The analysis of the gathered data reveals
10 factors to consider, 5 internal and 5 external. Those factors derive
into 6 blockchain domains to develop. The article concludes that in 3 of
them, the drawbacks of implementing the technology, although it is
theoretically appropriate, are insuperable. The article contributes to
demystifying blockchain technology and applying the same business logic
we use with other technical options.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Frontiers in Blockchain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2021.624810">10.3389/fbloc.2021.624810</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>April</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:41</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
<li>agro-food cooperatives</li>
<li>cooperativism</li>
<li>food supply chain</li>
<li>provenance</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZWJGAIH5" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Brutal Truth About Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul Krugman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_RLTGMKRZ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Carbon Footprint of Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Stoll</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lena Klaaßen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ulrich Gallersdörfer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology has its roots in the cryptocurrency
Bitcoin, which was the first successful attempt to validate transactions
via a decentralized data protocol. This validation process requires
vast amounts of electricity, which translates into a significant level
of carbon emissions. Our approximation of Bitcoin's carbon footprint
underlines the need to tackle the environmental externalities that
result from cryptocurrencies. Blockchain solutions are increasingly
discussed for a broad variety of use cases beyond cryptocurrencies.
Although not all blockchain protocols are as energy intensive as
Bitcoin's protocol, environmental aspects, the risk of collusion, and
concerns about control must not be ignored in the debate on anticipated
benefits. Our findings for the first stage of blockchain diffusion and
the externalities we discuss may help policy-makers in setting the right
rules as the adoption journey of blockchain technology has just
started.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1647–1661</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Joule</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.05.012">10.1016/j.joule.2019.05.012</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>25424351</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Y6IWT8HL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The case against alternative currencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Louis Larue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Local Currencies, Local Exchange Trading Systems, and Time
Banks are all part of a new social movement that aims to restrict
money's purchasing power within a certain geographic area, or within a
certain community. According to their proponents, these restrictions may
contribute to building sustainable local economies, supporting local
businesses and creating “warmer” social relations. This article inquires
whether the overall enthusiasm that surrounds alternative currencies is
justified. It argues that the potential benefits of these currencies
are not sufficient to justify the restrictions they impose on money's
purchasing power. Turning these currencies into effective channels of
change, by increasing their scope and their strength, could severely
hinder the pursuit of social justice, in a way that is probably not even
necessary for achieving their objectives. The paper concludes that
large-scale limitations of money's purchasing power are, therefore,
undesirable.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X211065784">https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X211065784</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1470594X211065784</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Politics, Philosophy &amp; Economics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X211065784">10.1177/1470594X211065784</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_JJ89ZFJ2" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Case Against Crypto</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/against-crypto.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/against-crypto.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>17/02/2022, 17:04:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>17/02/2022, 17:04:02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 09:49:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_LD4S59NT">The Case Against Crypto </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SGHXVAPZ" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Case Against Crypto | Pervasive Media Studio</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Martin O'Leary</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this article Martin O&amp;#039;Leary, Watershed&amp;#039;s
Creative Technologist, sets out the case against using cryptocurrency
and NFTs.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>Fri 3 Dec 2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://www.watershed.co.uk/studio/news/2021/12/03/case-against-crypto">http://www.watershed.co.uk/studio/news/2021/12/03/case-against-crypto</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:25:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Watershed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:25:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:36:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_DKUAFTRF">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_W2TVGHPM" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Case for a Small Allocation to Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Wences Casares</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>“The case for a small allocation to Bitcoin” by Wences
Casares, CEO of Xapo. Why most portfolios should allocate up to 1% to
Bitcoin.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019-03-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.kanaandkatana.com/valuation-depot-contents/2019/4/11/the-case-for-a-small-allocation-to-bitcoin">https://www.kanaandkatana.com/valuation-depot-contents/2019/4/11/the-case-for-a-small-allocation-to-bitcoin</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:00:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Kana and Katana</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:00:41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:02:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>read/catherine</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_6JGFTUZH">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Q9FVSVZK" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Challenge of Building a Scalable Postcapitalist Commons: The Limits of FairCoin as a Commons-Based Cryptocurrency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sam Dallyn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fabian Frenzel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Postcapitalist commons are a growing area of interest in the
efforts to generate alternatives to capitalism in the present. Commons
are understood as self-organised collectives based around shared
resources; yet postcapitalist commons have an additional element, in
operating within while projecting an “after” capitalism. This can give
rise to tensions since commons striving for postcapitalism also require a
certain amount of capital to survive and function within capitalism.
FairCoop is a radical postcapitalist commons that adopted the
cryptocurrency FairCoin in 2014. FairCoop, through FairCoin, was able to
generate some trans-local connections through its use of peer2peer
technologies and was thus able to scale-up. Its design, however, was
ultimately unsustainable due to insufficiently clear boundaries from
capital. After highlighting the lack of commons boundaries around
FairCoop, we identify some additional commons-capital boundary design
principles which could contribute to the sustainability of future
postcapitalist commons experiments that are seeking to scale.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>859–883</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Antipode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12705">10.1111/anti.12705</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14678330</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>commons</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>commons boundaries</li>
<li>FairCoin</li>
<li>FairCoop</li>
<li>postcapitalism</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_L3A78TM6" class="item magazineArticle">
<h2>The charm of cryptocurrencies for white supremacists</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Magazine Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>White power, dark money</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-05T00:00:00Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>The Economist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.economist.com/united-states/2022/02/05/the-charm-of-cryptocurrencies-for-white-supremacists">https://www.economist.com/united-states/2022/02/05/the-charm-of-cryptocurrencies-for-white-supremacists</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:14:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Economist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0013-0613</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:14:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:14:19</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_ZBDL6JTJ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Coder and the Dictator</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathaniel Popper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/technology/venezuela-petro-cryptocurrency.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/technology/venezuela-petro-cryptocurrency.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_2AJA54A3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The commodification of trust</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Balázs Bodó</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3843707">10.2139/ssrn.3843707</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NZXLBRW3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The crypto anarchist manifesto</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Timothy May</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1992</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: MIT Press Cambridge, MA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>High Noon on the Electronic Frontier: Conceptual Issues in Cyberspace</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 12:31:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 12:31:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_XTQM88EZ" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Crypto Backlash Is Booming</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kaitlyn Tiffany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Web3 is making some people very rich. It’s making other people very angry.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-04T16:19:54Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/02/crypto-nft-web3-internet-future/621479/">https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/02/crypto-nft-web3-internet-future/621479/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:07:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>The Atlantic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:07:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:07:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_2PDZZU4N">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_82MMEPRT" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Crypto Chernobyl</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-02-10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/chernobyl.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/chernobyl.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:58:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:58:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:41:50</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_CV3BVIFY">The Crypto Chernobyl </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NFZKU2C3" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Cryptoanarchist Character of Bitcoin's Digital Governance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Enrico Beltramini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Lawrence and Wishart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>75–99</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Anarchist Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3898/AS.29.2.03">10.3898/AS.29.2.03</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XZI54L88" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The cryptocurrency uncertainties and investment transitions: Evidence from high and low carbon energy funds in China</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lei Yan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nawazish Mirza</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Muhammad Umar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Due to the investment and diversification potential,
cryptocurrencies are considered to be attractive for both sophisticated
and amateur investors. However, the high levels of electricity
consumption of the hashing is a significant environmental concern,
specifically in China, with dominant coal-based electricity production.
This paper assesses the impact of price and policy uncertainties of the
cryptocurrencies on the investment flows of the funds that have been
sorted as per their exposure towards coal and natural gas firms.
Therefore, we have employed the data for 1920 funds, between the time
span pertaining to the years 2014 and 2021. Our findings show that both
policy and price uncertainty tend to have an impact on the investment
flows in high carbon funds, while these uncertainties have no
relationship with the low emission funds. The results also indicate that
the impact tends to be more profound for the younger funds. The
performance of cryptos and their link with investment flows can limit
the transition to low carbon sustainable options. We therefore propose
that policymakers further ensure a swift adoption of renewable resources
for electricity production, in order to successfully mitigate the
climate impact. This could ultimately aid in promoting green investment
flows.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>121326</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Technological Forecasting and Social Change</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121326">10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121326</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00401625</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>Uncertainty</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
<li>Carbon funds</li>
<li>Green investments</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6CJEF26J" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Curious Case of Stablecoins—Balancing Risks and Rewards?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Agata Ferreira</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Stablecoins is a blockchain-driven innovation and a new subset
of crypto assets. Even though they could transform how payments are
made, regulators paid little attention to them until recently. The
announcement of the Libra project in 2019 elevated stablecoins to the
top of the regulatory agenda. Libra's global scale and its capacity to
reach billions of potential users through a user-centric social network
platform that is already seamlessly integrated within the lives of the
global population and the potential impact of a global yet fast and
cheap payment solution raised many issues and concerns among authorities
related to not only financial stability, monetary policy, and
competition, but also money laundering, financing of terrorism, and
others. Addressing stablecoins has proven challenging for many
regulators as they face a difficult task of balancing financial
stability, with innovation. This paper analyzes how the official
perception of stablecoins has evolved, from dismissiveness and
underestimation to serious concern. It evaluates existing regulatory
responses, highlights regulatory dilemmas, and makes recommendations
regarding future regulatory approaches. To reap the benefits of
stablecoin innovation, regulators need to take a broader long-term view
of stablecoins beyond the perceived risks and embrace their advantages.
Regulations should not stifle this innovation but support a diverse
ecosystem of stablecoins and foster competition.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press UK</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>755–778</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of International Economic Law</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab036">10.1093/jiel/jgab036</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1369-3034</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VDPJHJQ9" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The curious case of Tether: a complete timeline of events</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Amy Castor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://amycastor.com/2019/01/17/the-curious-case-of-tether-a-complete-timeline-of-events/">https://amycastor.com/2019/01/17/the-curious-case-of-tether-a-complete-timeline-of-events/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_HZNVQDDH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The DAO Controversy: The Case for a New Species of Corporate Governance?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robbie Morrison</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Natasha C. H. L. Mazey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen C. Wingreen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper reviews the recent case of The DAO “hack” in June
2016 and analyzes The DAO's response in its time of crisis, and its
implications for corporate and IT governance. There was no human-led
governance in The DAO. Instead, The DAO placed its trust in the smart
contract they had built together on the blockchain, which became its
governance mechanism. The events that follow allow us to see hitherto
unobservable organizational behaviors that are unique to trustless
organizations, and hence The DAO gives us a glimpse at a new species of
corporate governance. This paper explores the implications of these
ideas: we propose the emergence of a spectrum of organizations based on
the alienation of trust, we consider the economic impact and legality of
decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), smart contracts, work
and job design, and what happens when corporate governance is managed
solely by IT governance.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Frontiers in Blockchain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2020.00025">10.3389/fbloc.2020.00025</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>May</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>smart contracts</li>
<li>trust</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
<li>daos</li>
<li>DAOs</li>
<li>decentralized aut</li>
<li>decentralized autonomous organizations</li>
<li>is governance</li>
<li>IS governance</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7F82NIT8" class="item webpage">
<h2>The dark equation of harm versus good means blockchain’s had its day</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rupert Goodwins</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Put crypto back in the crypt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-12-06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.theregister.com/2021/12/06/the_dark_equation_of_harm/">https://www.theregister.com/2021/12/06/the_dark_equation_of_harm/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:12:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:12:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:13:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_XLZBBHH8">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FEIJDJIJ" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>The De-Central Bank in Decentralized Finance: A Case Study of MakerDAO</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Martin Brennecke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benjamin Schellinger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nils Urbach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tobias Guggenberger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Countless decentralized finance (DeFi) applications of the
past years have suffered from the high volatility and speculative
behavior surrounding their underlying crypto assets. While the academic
debate has been flourishing in these areas, Decentralized Autonomous
Organizations (DAOs) have not received as much attention. This is the
case even though they could offer an opportunity to solve some of the
underlying problems of existing cryptocurrencies and ecosystems, for
example, by providing lower volatility and, thus, exchange rate
stability. This paper presents an economic analysis of the MakerDAO, a
DAO in DeFi. In doing so, we use a single case study methodology based
on existing resources and expert interviews. It also uses monetary
theory instruments to provide researchers and developers with insights
into how DAOs are governed. Further, it serves to illustrate how IS
research may support the development of future IT artifacts aimed at
offering the infrastructure for DeFi applications.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354736149_The_De-Central_Bank_in_Decentralized_Finance_A_Case_Study_of_MakerDAO">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354736149_The_De-Central_Bank_in_Decentralized_Finance_A_Case_Study_of_MakerDAO</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2022)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2022.737">10.24251/HICSS.2022.737</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MGR8QMFR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The De-Central Bank in Decentralized Finance: A Case Study of MakerDAO</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Martin Brennecke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benjamin Schellinger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nils Urbach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tobias Guggenberger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354736149_The_De-Central_Bank_in_Decentralized_Finance_A_Case_Study_of_MakerDAO">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354736149_The_De-Central_Bank_in_Decentralized_Finance_A_Case_Study_of_MakerDAO</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2022.737">10.24251/HICSS.2022.737</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8ITM9PGZ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The death of law? Computationally personalized norms and the rule of law</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Timothy Endicott</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Karen Yeung</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The emergent power of big data analytics makes it possible to
replace impersonal general legal rules with personalized, particular
norms. We consider arguments that such a move would be generally
beneficial, replacing crude, general laws with more efficiently targeted
ways of meeting public policy goals and satisfying personal
preferences. Those proposals pose a radical, new challenge to the rule
of law. Data-driven legal personalization offers some benefits that are
worth pursuing, but we argue that the benefits can only legitimately be
pursued where doing so is consistent with the agency that the law ought
to accord to individuals and with the agency that the law ought to
accord to public bodies. The principle of public agency is a
prerequisite for the rule of law. The principle of private agency
depends on the rule of law. Each is incompatible with the unrestrained
computational personalization of law.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: University of Toronto Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>e20210011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>University of Toronto Law Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3138/utlj-2021-0011">10.3138/utlj-2021-0011</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0042-0220</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KKMUTXTE" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The decade-long cryptocurrencies and the blockchain
rollercoaster: Mapping the intellectual structure and charting future
directions</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Anton Klarin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Recent advances in science mapping allowed to analyze the
entire intellectual structure of blockchain and cryptocurrencies in
business-related disciplines to identify 174 academic articles as well
as 1482 practitioner-oriented articles published since the inception of
cryptocurrencies in 2008 to highlight key trends of the published
outputs. The results demonstrate academic research done by 389 authors
in 296 organizations based in 50 countries that only just initiated the
conversation on four major streams of the literature—Bitcoin and
cryptocurrencies; blockchain adoption; cryptocurrency and blockchain
environment; and business model innovations. When comparing academic
scholarship to practitioner-oriented literature, the results demonstrate
that practitioners discussed investor-related themes, cryptocurrency
intrinsic value, political-economic sphere, and the impact of
cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies on the wider society in
greater detail. As a result, a number of themes are identified and
discussed that could align academic and practitioner interests and
provide guidance for further research in this important field.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Research in International Business and Finance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.101067">10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.101067</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>March</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>02755319</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>Bibliometrics</li>
<li>Blockchain ecosystem</li>
<li>Science mapping</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9BQYAL7U" class="item book">
<h2>The Delusions of Crowds: Why People Go Mad in Groups</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>William J Bernstein</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Grove Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:02:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:02:58</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_T4CXGDIG" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The destabilising effects of cryptocurrency cybercriminality</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shaen Corbet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Douglas J Cumming</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Brian M Lucey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Maurice Peat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Samuel A Vigne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>191</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>108741</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Economics Letters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_F2YHQ5T2" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The detection of illicit cryptocurrency mining farms with innovative approaches for the prevention of electricity theft</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>B. Dindar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ö. Gül</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Illegal use of electricity is very common in cryptocurrency
mining farms, as energy bills are the most important component of the
cost of cryptocurrency production. In this case, it raises the issue of
how to detect illegal cryptocurrency mining. Innovative approaches are
needed to identify data centers that illegally mine cryptocurrencies.
This study proposes the use of unique noise and/or harmonic features of
cryptocurrency generating machines to detect illegal cryptocurrency
mining farms. Within the scope of this study, the characteristic
harmonics originating from the data centers were determined by
performing field tests on the neutral line of the electrical grid. In
this study, it has been shown that electricity distribution companies
can detect illegal cryptocurrency data centers using potential illegal
electricity by monitoring energy quality data. Legal permissions can be
obtained easily for detailed examination and detection in cryptocurrency
data centers of using illegal electricity. With the proposed innovative
approach, the time taken to detect illegal cryptocurrency mining farms
using illegal electricity is reduced.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>0958305X211045066</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy &amp; Environment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0958305x211045066">10.1177/0958305x211045066</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>April</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0958-305X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_ELECTRICITY</li>
<li>5</li>
<li>co2 emission</li>
<li>electricity theft</li>
<li>energy consumption</li>
<li>installation and operation of</li>
<li>power signatures</li>
<li>products are almost the</li>
<li>same all over the</li>
<li>technology</li>
<li>the costs for information</li>
<li>the system</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PS9BTAFR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The development of energy blockchain and its implications for China's energy sector</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Shuai Zhu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Malin Song</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ming Kim Lim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jianlin Wang</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jiajia Zhao</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>With technology progressing and the decreasing cost of
renewable energy, consumers require energy supply to be smarter,
cleaner, and more sustainable than before. By providing a decentralized
trading mechanism, blockchain technology can facilitate sustainable
energy consumption and achieve a circular economy. This study analyzes
how China can employ blockchain technology to reform its energy sector.
We survey the progress of blockchain technology in the energy sector and
explore typical cases of energy blockchains in the world. We discuss
the advantages and disadvantages of applying blockchain to China's
energy sector. China's monopoly market structure in energy supply
impedes the application of blockchain technology, but the expansion of
clean energy provides a huge opportunity for it. Although China's
technological level is lagging, the biggest obstacle is not technology
but rather policy. We conclude that China should loosen its regulatory
environment, amend the relevant laws, and balance the conflict between
management and innovation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>66</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101595</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Resources Policy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101595">10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101595</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>03014207</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Distributed energy</li>
<li>Energy blockchain</li>
<li>Energy production</li>
<li>Regulation policy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_2QYPBPRD" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Digital Traces of Crypto-Finance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alberto Cossu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Cossu, A.(2022). The Digital Traces of Crypto-Finance, in E. Armano, M$\sim$\ldots</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_U3QGZAR7" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The disenchantment of Bitcoin: unveiling the myth of a digital currency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fiammetta Corradi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Philipp Höfner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin and its peculiar, decentralized transaction system,
have already ignited interest by professional and retail traders in
search for profits and by economists and legal experts, looking for
possible regulation to contain illegal uses. We instead examine the
unexpected and ongoing success of Bitcoin from a sociological
perspective, first questioning its unusual legitimation system, backed
by the so called ‘blockchain technology', instead of by governmental
authorities. Then we collect data and elements to reconstruct Bitcoin's
history as a cryptocurrency, starting from the mysterious story
surrounding its birth. We then follow its spread and development through
social networks and words of mouth, together with its sudden booms and
bursts, finally to suggest that both users and institutional regulators
should be aware of the risks of Bitcoin and of its alleged power to
challenge our very notion of money.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>193–207</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Review of Sociology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2018.1430067">10.1080/03906701.2018.1430067</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14699273</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>blockchain technology</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>Ponzi schemes</li>
<li>trust in money</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DWLKJVEU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Dissensus Protocol: Governing Differences in Online Peer Communities</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jaya Klara Brekke</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kate Beecroft</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Francesca Pick</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Peer-to-peer networks and protocols have inspired new ideas
and ideologies about governance, with the aim of using technology to
enable horizontal and decentralized decision-making at scale. This
article introduces the concept of “dissensus” from political theory to
debates about peer governance in online communities. Dissensus describes
the emergence of incompatible differences. Among peer-to-peer
technologies, blockchain stands out as a set of ideas that explicitly
seek to resolve dissensus through consensus protocols. In this article,
we propose dissensus as a “protocol” for foregrounding the often
sidelined yet productive aspects of incompatible differences. The
concept highlights that there might not always be consensus about a
consensus algorithm, and that indeed, dissensus is the precondition for
new possibilities and perspectives to emerge. We discuss the concept in
relation to the histories of governance ideas in blockchain, namely, a
“materialist,” “design,” and “emergent” approach. We then describe
moments of dissensus in practice through two cases of online
communities, Genesis DAO and Ouishare, discussing their different ways
of recognizing and navigating dissensus. Finally, we give a critical
overview of consensus algorithms, voting, staking, and forking as the
mechanisms that make out blockchain governance ideologies. In
conclusion, we argue that dissensus can serve as a useful concept for
pointing attention to governance as it is conducted in practice, as
historically and culturally specific practices, rather than as a problem
to be solved through supposedly universal mechanisms.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Frontiers in Human Dynamics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.641731">10.3389/fhumd.2021.641731</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>May</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>dao</li>
<li>dissensus</li>
<li>horizontal decision-making</li>
<li>peer-to-peer governance</li>
<li>political theory</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XP7HXQRI" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Double Embeddedness of Bitcoin: Insights from Old and New Economic Sociology</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fiammetta Corradi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Revisiting analytically the notion of embeddedness and its
connections with the concept of trust, this paper shows that contrary to
Bitcoin's premises and promises to be a trust-low or even trust-less
currency, trust enters the system at many various levels and with
different nuances. Applying a conceptual framework that conceives
embeddedness as both the possible source and outcome of trust, it is
pointed out that Bitcoin should better be regarded as doubly embedded:
in technology and in its peculiar social structure. Due to the existence
of computational and cognitive asymmetries within the system, in fact,
trust is necessary for the very functioning of this new form of money,
as well as for its future prospects.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Social Science Studies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i6.3289">10.11114/ijsss.v6i6.3289</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2324-8033</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3BMXST87" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Double Meaning of Money</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Galit Ailon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>How does monetization affect interpersonal relationships?
Drawing on social phenomenology, I argue that an answer must account for
money's symbolic dualism: On the one hand, as Zelizer has shown, money
is differentially earmarked according to the interpersonal relationships
it flows through. On the other hand, in everyday life, people tend to
associate money with cold impersonality. Money's dual association with
both the interpersonal and the impersonal imbues the relationships it
flows through with a sense of risk, which I call “the risk of lost
meanings.” Analyzing the implications of this sense of risk, I argue
that it turns trust into a relational preoccupation and constrains
intersubjective experience. The risk of lost meanings may motivate
risk-avoidance strategies, but these strategies are largely
counterproductive. Shedding new light on a long-standing debate in the
sociology of money, I discuss the implications of this argument for
analyses of monetary developments and local currencies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>073527512110711</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Sociological Theory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/07352751211071121">10.1177/07352751211071121</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0735-2751</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PSIR36JP" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>The Dramatic Crash of a Buzzy Cryptocurrency Raises Eyebrows</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ephrat Livni</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andrew Ross Sorkin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Just last month, the ICP crypto token, tied to a project
backed by prestigious venture capitalists, was worth tens of billions of
dollars. Then, its value collapsed.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-06-28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>NYTimes.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/business/dealbook/icp-cryptocurrency-crash.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/business/dealbook/icp-cryptocurrency-crash.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 18:18:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Section</th>
<td>Business</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0362-4331</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 18:18:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 18:18:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Andreessen Horowitz</li>
<li>Dfinity Foundation</li>
<li>ICP</li>
<li>Venture Capital</li>
<li>Virtual Currency</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_QTBFGW32">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_W4U5JMHI" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Economic and Environmental Impact of Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Liana Badea</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mariana Claudia Mungiu-Pupazan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The controversies surrounding Bitcoin, one of the most
frequently used and advertised cryptocurrency, are focused on
identifying its qualities, the advantages and disadvantages of using it
and, last but not least, its ability to survive over time and become a
viable alternative to the traditional currency, taking into account the
effects on the environment of the technology used to extract and trade
it. Based on such considerations, this article aims to provide an
overview of this cryptocurrency, from the perspective of conducting a
systematic review of the literature dedicated to the economic and
environmental impact of Bitcoin. Using peer-reviewed articles collected
from academic databases, we aimed at synthesizing and critically
evaluating the points of view in the scientific literature regarding the
doctrinal source of the emergence of Bitcoin, the identity of this
cryptocurrency from an economic point of view, following its
implications on the economic and social environment. Subsequently, this
research offers the opportunity of evaluating the level of knowledge
considering the impact of Bitcoin mining process on the environment from
the perspective of the energy consumption and CO2 emissions, in order
to finally analyze Bitcoin regulation and identify possible solutions to
reduce the negative impact on the environment and beyond. The findings
suggest that, despite high energy consumption and adverse environmental
impact, Bitcoin continues to be an instrument used in the economic
environment for a variety of purposes. Moreover, the trend of regulating
it in various countries shows that the use of Bitcoin is beginning to
gain some legitimacy, despite criticism against this cryptocurrency.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>48091–48104</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>IEEE Access</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3068636">10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3068636</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21693536</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>energy consumption</li>
<li>environment</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_GAESAH89" class="item report">
<h2>The economic limits of bitcoin and the blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Eric Budish</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Institution</th>
<td>National Bureau of Economic Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_N5CTY98L" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The economics of cryptocurrency pump and dump schemes</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>JT Hamrick</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Farhang Rouhi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Arghya Mukherjee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Amir Feder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Neil Gandal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tyler Moore</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marie Vasek</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP13404</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_BQ3K4KDV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Emperor's New Art: Cryptomania, Art &amp; Property</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kelvin F K Low</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The latest wave of cryptomania has brought us yet another
acronym after ICOs (initial coin offerings) – NFTs (non-fungible
tokens). Touted as a means to render readily replicable digital art (and
possibly other objects) rare and scarce, NFT-mania reached its apogee
with the auction of Beeple's Everydays: the First 5,000 Days for US$69m.
But did the buyer actually acquire, through the NFT, any art? What is
art abstracted from the medium upon which it is embedded and dissociated
from its copyright?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3978241">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3978241</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Art &amp; Property</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3978241">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3978241</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_IP</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WN9QPRUZ" class="item webpage">
<h2>The encrypted threat: Bitcoin’s social cost and regulatory responses</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ulrich Bindseil</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Patrick Papsdorf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jürgen Schaaf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107084533/https://www.suerf.org/docx/f_88b3febc5798a734026c82c1012408f5_38771_suerf.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20220107084533/https://www.suerf.org/docx/f_88b3febc5798a734026c82c1012408f5_38771_suerf.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:26:46</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:27:33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:32:49</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_4IZPM4IT">
<div><p>A comprehensive study by SUERF - The European Money and Finance
Forum that details the net negative effects of bitcoin to society.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_RTATGVNF">PDF Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KJE2CGZ5" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The encrypted threat: Bitcoin’s social cost and regulatory responses</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ulrich Bindseil</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Patrick Papsdorf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jü rgen Schaaf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:59:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:59:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_C2GNMN8U" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Energy Consumption of Bitcoin Mining and Potential for Regulation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jacob Huston</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 2017121010
Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>32–41</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>George Washington Journal of Energy and Environmental Law</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/gwjeel11&amp;section=6">https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/gwjeel11&amp;section=6</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ATG7RMYS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Energy Consumption of Blockchain Technology : Beyond Myth</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Johannes Sedlmeir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hans Ulrich</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Buhl Gilbert</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robert Keller</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-020-00656-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-020-00656-x</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>62</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>599–608</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Business &amp; Information Systems Engineering</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-020-00656-x">10.1007/s12599-020-00656-x</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1867-0202</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
<li>Energy consumption</li>
<li>energy</li>
<li>blockchain á cryptocurrency á</li>
<li>consumption á distributed ledger</li>
<li>Distr</li>
<li>technology á</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_92HC7RH8" class="item magazineArticle">
<h2>The Father of Web3 Wants You to Trust Less</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Magazine Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gilad Edelman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Gavin Wood, who coined the term Web3 in 2014, believes
decentralized technologies are the only hope of preserving liberal
democracy.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-11-29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>www.wired.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/web3-gavin-wood-interview/">https://www.wired.com/story/web3-gavin-wood-interview/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:13:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Gavin Wood, who coined the term Web3 in 2014, believes
decentralized technologies are the only hope of preserving liberal
democracy.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Wired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1059-1028</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:13:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:15:39</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>web3</li>
<li>internet</li>
<li>web 2.0</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_FBEXJKIK">
<div><p>Read/Eilidh</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_IQAYDMSJ">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_6IG42KAU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The financial regime</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Joseph Vogl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Starting from the premise that the financial regime has become
a power in and of itself-a fourth, 'monetative' power as it were-this
essay gives an account of the ascendancy of finance and the shift from
geopolitical to geo-economical order, within which there is no
democratic legitimacy and no legal accountability and within which a new
class conflict also emerges. It goes on to advance five theses on this
new financial sovereignty, concluding that sovereign is he, who can
transform his risks into other's dangers and position himself as the
creditor of last resort.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://tidsskrift.dk/nja/article/view/122847">https://tidsskrift.dk/nja/article/view/122847</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>175–182</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Nordic Journal of Aesthetics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.7146/nja.v29i60.122847">10.7146/nja.v29i60.122847</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>60</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>20009607</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Finance</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>Sovereignty</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
<li>Class</li>
<li>Democracy</li>
<li>Geo-economical order</li>
<li>Power</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_543XVECV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The good, the bad and the ugly: An overview of the sustainability of blockchain technology</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christophe Schinckus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain is a buzzword describing the current excitement for
an innovative technology that could change and disrupt major industries
and economic sectors. Blockchain technology has the promise to change
all existing business models and make financial services cheaper
contributing therefore to a better financial inclusion and, even a
better economic wealth distribution. Numerous studies optimistically
praise such potential societal benefits by listing all processes that
could be optimized through this technology. However, the picture is not
necessary all bright. Blockchain can indeed disrupt and significantly
improve our societies but there still exist some societal costs in the
way this technology is implemented. This paper provides a perspective
overviewing of the current trends related to the development of the most
widely used implementation of blockchain technology based on the
proof-of-work consensus algorithm. These trends will be discussed in
three steps: the ‘Good Blockchain' overviews how this technology can
improve our societies; the ‘Bad blockchain' offers a more nuanced
perspective by discussing the potential polluting activities generated
by some mining activities. Finally, the ‘Ugly blockchain' investigates
how this technology might generate a risk of concentration in the mining
industry affecting therefore the nature and even the existence of the
blockchain technology.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101614">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101614</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>69</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>101614</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research and Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101614">10.1016/j.erss.2020.101614</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>May</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>22146296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>FinTech</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_CLIMATE</li>
<li>Innovation</li>
<li>Mining industry</li>
<li>Proof-of-Work</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NRUASHQZ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Great Crypto Heist</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nouriel Roubini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/cryptocurrency-exchanges-are-financial-scams-by-nouriel-roubini-2019-07">https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/cryptocurrency-exchanges-are-financial-scams-by-nouriel-roubini-2019-07</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Project Syndicate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_MTFARV2H" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Handwavy Technobabble Nothingburger</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-11-24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/nothing-burger.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/nothing-burger.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:44:17</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_G2WXV4GR">The Handwavy Technobabble Nothingburger </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TQHKNXMP" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The ICO Gold Rush: It's a scam, it's a bubble, it's a super challenge for regulators</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk A Zetzsche</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ross P Buckley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Douglas W Arner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Linus Föhr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>17–83</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>University of Luxembourg Law Working Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_ILTNQNVK" class="item document">
<h2>The ICO whose team members are literally cartoon characters</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jemima Kelly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019-09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/57805b32-0bbe-34cb-940c-66cdd1aec5e2">https://www.ft.com/content/57805b32-0bbe-34cb-940c-66cdd1aec5e2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_KLVIDZZE" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Impact of Cryptocurrency Regulation on Trading Markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Brian D Feinstein</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kevin Werbach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://ssrn.com/paper=3649475">http://ssrn.com/paper=3649475</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_MFCGJ53I" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Impact of Cryptocurrency Regulation on Trading Markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Brian D. Feinstein</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kevin Werbach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The meteoric growth of global cryptocurrency markets presents
novel challenges to regulators. Some policymakers and scholars view
cryptocurrencies as conduits of illegality and fraud and call for their
strict regulation, even outright bans. Others warn that regulation will
cause trading activity to cross borders into less-regulated
jurisdictions-or even smother a promising new financial asset class. Yet
this debate has, to date, been conducted almost entirely without data.
To assess the claims of both sides, we assemble original data on
cryptocurrency regulations worldwide and use them to empirically examine
global movement in trading activity following key regulatory
announcements. Our findings are surprising. A wide variety of models
yields almost entirely null results. From the creation of bespoke
licensing regimes to more targeted anti-money-laundering and anti-fraud
enforcement actions, as well as many other categories of government
activities, we find no systemic evidence that regulatory measures cause
traders to flee, or enter into, the affected jurisdictions. These
findings at last provide an empirical basis for regulatory decisions
concerning cryptocurrency trading. Among other things, they call into
question the notion that capital flight should be a first-order concern.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>48–99</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3649475">10.2139/ssrn.3649475</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_DCXYMADS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Ins and Outs of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (Daos)</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Olivier Rikken</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marijn Janssen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Zenlin Kwee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Available at SSRN 3989559</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3989559">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3989559</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KVAW2DG4" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Intellectual Incoherence of Cryptoassets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-11-7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/crypto-absurd.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/crypto-absurd.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:56:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:56:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:43:57</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_9MGP9C8M">The Intellectual Incoherence of Cryptoassets </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Z9TURLBT" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Internet's Casino Boats</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-12-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/casino-boats.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/casino-boats.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:44:34</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_U8MLGQNZ">The Internet's Casino Boats </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_R37JJFDR" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The invisible politics of bitcoin: Governance crisis of a decentralised infrastructure</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Primavera De Filippi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benjamin Loveluck</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin is a decentralised currency and payment system that
seeks to eliminate the need for trusted authorities. It relies on a
peer-to-peer network and cryptographic protocols to perform the
functions of traditional financial intermediaries, such as verifying
transactions and preserving the integrity of the system. This article
examines the political economy of Bitcoin, in light of a recent dispute
that divided the Bitcoin community with regard to a seemingly simple
technical issue: Whether or not to increase the block size of the
Bitcoin blockchain. By looking at the socio-technical constructs of
Bitcoin, the article distinguishes between two distinct coordination
mechanisms: Governance by the infrastructure (achieved via the Bitcoin
protocol) and governance of the infrastructure (managed by the community
of developers and other stakeholders). It then analyses the invisible
politics inherent in these two mechanisms, which together display a
highly technocratic power structure. On the one hand, as an attempt to
be self-governing and self-sustaining, the Bitcoin network exhibits a
strong market-driven approach to social trust and coordination, which
has been embedded directly into the technical protocol. On the other
hand, despite being an open source project, the development and
maintenance of the Bitcoin code ultimately relies on a small core of
highly skilled developers who play a key role in the design of the
platform.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Internet Policy Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.14763/2016.3.427">10.14763/2016.3.427</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21976775</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>Peer-to-peer (P2P)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WNL6BIJN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The law of blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Georgios Dimitropoulos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology is a new general-purpose technology that
poses significant challenges to the existing state of law, economy, and
society. Blockchain has one feature that makes it even more distinctive
than other disruptive technologies: It is, by nature and design, global
and transnational. Moreover, blockchain operates based on its own rules
and principles that have a law-like quality. What may be called the lex
cryptographia of blockchain has been designed based on a rational
choice vision of human behavior. Blockchain adopts a framing derived
from neoclassical economics, and instantiates it in a new machinery that
implements rational choice paradigms using blockchain in a
semi-automatic way, across all spheres of life, and without regard to
borders. Accordingly, a global law and cryptoeconomics movement is now
emerging owing to the spread of blockchain.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>95</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1117–1192</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Washington Law Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3559970">10.2139/ssrn.3559970</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00430617</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Ethereum</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CULTURE</li>
<li>Cryptoasset</li>
<li>Infrastructure</li>
<li>Law and cryptoeconomics</li>
<li>Law and political economy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QREX9A2V" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The libertarian fantasies of cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Martin Wolf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019-02</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/eeeacd7c-2e0e-11e9-ba00-0251022932c8">https://www.ft.com/content/eeeacd7c-2e0e-11e9-ba00-0251022932c8</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_BXPCJVQ7" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Limits of Blockchain Democracy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yoan Hermstrüwer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Should political elections be implemented on the blockchain?
Blockchain evangelists have argued that they should. This article sheds
light on the potential of blockchain voting procedures and the legal
constraints they need to accommodate. In a first step, I discuss
potential “democracy benefits” of distributed ledger technology and the
legal framework ordering the use of electronic voting systems in
general. Comparing U.S. and German constitutional law, I then distill
specific normative principles guiding the use of blockchain voting
systems. In a second step, I analyze the technical, economic, and
normative limitations of blockchain voting procedures. I show that major
limitations result from the rules and incentives set by different
consensus mechanisms. Moreover, it is not clear whether blockchain
technology provides sufficient safeguards to ensure identity
verification, the secrecy of ballots, and the verification that ballots
are cast as intended, recorded as cast, and counted as recorded.
Building on principles from constitutional law, I contend that
blockchain technology does not provide sufficient safeguards to satisfy
the requirements of democratic voting procedures – at least not in the
near future.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.nyujll.com/volume-14/blog-post-title-one-n275l-tsgjf-ydptd">https://www.nyujll.com/volume-14/blog-post-title-one-n275l-tsgjf-ydptd</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>New York University Journal of Law &amp; Liberity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://www.nyujll.com/volume-14/blog-post-title-one-n275l-tsgjf-ydptd">https://www.nyujll.com/volume-14/blog-post-title-one-n275l-tsgjf-ydptd</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1432-122X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_W447DEHN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The looming threat of China: An analysis of chinese influence on bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ben Kaiser</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mireya Jurado</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex Ledger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.02466</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_YVZNR28J" class="item report">
<h2>The Maltese Falcoin: On Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael Cembalest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-03</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>Zotero</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:08:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:40:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_MDRS7ATI">
<div><p>Critique of bitcoin and financial properties of crypto assets from the CIO of JP Morgan bank</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_WIN2IB4U">2022 - The Maltese Falcoin.pdf </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RZS26DUJ" class="item bookSection">
<h2>The market for “lemons”: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>George A Akerlof</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1978</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>235–251</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Uncertainty in economics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:19:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:19:38</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_TT6PHC2J" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The market, the regulator, and the government: Making a blockchain ecosystem in the Netherlands</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Inês Faria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article presents a socio-anthropological analysis of the
formation of a business ecosystem around blockchain technology in the
Netherlands, within the broader context of the European Union and the
digital single market. I argue that while reproducing widespread global
models of business group and network formation, the relations created by
these networks also reveal particularities of local business and
governance cultures. Such particularities emerge from the pragmatics of
collaboration and competitive market relationships, as well as legal
heterogeneity and plans for legal harmonisation in digital innovation
and governance in Europe. They also emerge from the challenges and
transformations that current experimentation cultures for digital
innovation bring to the interactions between market players, regulators,
and government. These challenges and transformations materialise in
increasingly informal connections and strategies for experimental
legitimisation, which occur in parallel to more formal and traditional
forms of regulatory and governmental interaction. The article is based
on ethnographic fieldwork in the Netherlands and in online terrains,
including observation periods and 32 interviews with entrepreneurial
project teams, as well as with individuals involved in financial
incumbents' innovation labs.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>40–56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Finance and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v7i1.5590">10.2218/finsoc.v7i1.5590</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2059-5999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>regulation</li>
<li>ANTHROPOLOGY</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>business networks</li>
<li>digital identification</li>
<li>european union</li>
<li>netherlands</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_W7XFL3F6" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Markets in Crypto-Assets regulation (MiCA) and the EU digital finance strategy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk A. Zetzsche</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Filippo Annunziata</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Douglas W. Arner</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ross P. Buckley</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: European Banking Institute Working Paper Series</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>203–225</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Capital Markets Law Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/cmlj/kmab005">10.1093/cmlj/kmab005</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17507227</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_G5JNJN92" class="item blogPost">
<h2>The Meaning of Decentralization</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Vitalik Buterin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>“Decentralization” is one of the words that is used in the
cryptoeconomics space the most frequently, and is often even viewed as
a…</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017-02-06T14:11:28.253Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274">https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/the-meaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:28:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:28:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:28:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_LWZLZ9TW">
<div><p>Eilidh/Read</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_ZDHH545F">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TWWKADR8" class="item thesis">
<h2>The Meanings of New Money: Social Constructions of Value in the Rise of Digital Currencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Lynette Shaw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In the wake of the Great Recession, a novel monetary object
was introduced to the world: Bitcoin. As its collective valuation has
risen into the billions (USD), it has brought with it a sustained
disruption to some of the most deeply taken-for-granted aspects of
modern life: money and value. This dissertation undertakes a set of
interrelated investigations into the collective processes of social
construction and valuation that have been part of this ascent. The first
study begins by considering the challenge that digital currencies pose
to established economic models of the origins of money and value. Using a
series of agent-based models (ABM) based on Bayesian updating agents,
it shows how sociological models of value construction may be able to
help solve this theoretical problem. Specifically, it shows how treating
valuation as a process of learning under uncertainty clarifies how
“something” can legitimately come from “nothing” in social valuation
processes. It also shows how this model can be used to systematically
explore the differences between social versus non-social valuation
processes, the dependency of social valuation processes on time, initial
states, and early actors, and how a mix of non-social and social
feedbacks can impede a system's ability to arrive at the “correct”
assessment of an object's underlying value. The second study uses text
gathered from 100,000s of messages posted by individuals in the main
communities surrounding Bitcoin and a combination of automated and
traditional content analysis to explore the “talks” (Swidler 2001) of
money and value that individuals have employed to make sense of this new
monetary object. The resulting analysis traces the manner in which the
initial metallist views that first inspired Bitcoin's creation continue
to influence the discourses surrounding it, and then goes further to
unpack the ways in which members have had to go beyond those founding
ideas in order to account for how the new digital currency has come to
hold value. In exploring these variegated, sometimes contradictory,
discussions of the economic, political, and social origins of money and
value, this analysis sheds light on the ways the individuals at the
advent of digital currency are making sense of this new arena of
economic activity and how they are creatively reworking established
notions of money and value in order to understand what Bitcoin is and
where its worth comes from. The final study takes on the puzzle of how
Bitcoin has gone from being an obscure monetary experiment of a small
group of “techno-Libertarians” to becoming the basis of a new
multi-billion dollar financial technology industry – an industry
dominated by the very same actors it was initially intended to subvert.
Using the documented history of Bitcoin's evolution, the application of
automated content analysis and topic modeling methods to thousands of
news reports, and analyses of trends in quantitative measures of Bitcoin
related Google searches, venture capital funding, and price and market
transaction volumes, this chapter shows how Bitcoin's multivalent
identity has facilitated its adoption by a multiplicity of groups, but
also, ultimately left it vulnerable to being preferentially defined in
ways that benefit powerful actors. In charting the rise of Bitcoin and
linking it to the collective definitional processes that have surrounded
it, this study chapter examines the social dynamics that surround
“robust objects” and the role that these processes play in the
reproduction of power structures in new social and economic fields.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1844057890?accountid=17242">https://search.proquest.com/docview/1844057890?accountid=17242</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 9781369171426
Publication Title: ProQuest Dissertations and Theses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>173</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>University</th>
<td>University of Washington</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>Money</li>
<li>Value</li>
<li>0626:Sociology</li>
<li>Social sciences</li>
<li>Sociology</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>Economic sociology</li>
<li>Social construction</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MDTINA9E" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Miner of Last Resort: Digital Currency, Shadow Money and the Role of the Central Bank</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Graham Steele</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Technology and Government, Emerald Studies in Media and Communications, Forthcoming</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_VH5G7MKP" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The myths and legends of king Satoshi and the knights of blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sandra Faustino</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Inês Faria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rafael Marques</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Cultural Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_KB72AT63" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The myths and legends of king Satoshi and the knights of blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sandra Faustino</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Inês Faria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rafael Marques</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In this paper, we present an ethnographic account of the
quasi-religious romanticism of the crypto-community towards blockchain
technologies. To do so, we explore the cultural significance of
phenomena such as myth, faith, and ritual, without excluding both the
realms of technological practices and techno-scientific narrative.
Drawing on a comparison with the legend of King Arthur, we analyse how
the legendary creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, translates
contemporary anxieties resulting from the financial crisis and the
centralisation of power. By analysing white papers, we further explore
the persuasive narratives which convey how ethics and virtue can be
encoded into software, and, finally, we describe the secular rituals
that reinforce cohesion among the community–in moments which are often
guided by charismatic preachers and specialists. We argue that
blockchain technologies have had a symbolic impact in re-invigorating
enchantment and material romanticism towards finance and technology,
which has had a wider impact on the social perception and acceptance of
the transition to a digital society.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1921830">https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1921830</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Cultural Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1921830">10.1080/17530350.2021.1921830</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17530369</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>enchantment of technology</li>
<li>ethnography</li>
<li>faith</li>
<li>material romanticism</li>
<li>Religion</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ND3C34J2" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Non-Innovation of Cryptocurrency</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-07-7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/non-innovation.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/non-innovation.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:57:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:57:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:42:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_CPT65B72">The Non-Innovation of Cryptocurrency </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FZ6ZK57G" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Oncoming Ransomware Storm</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-05-11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/ransomware.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/ransomware.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:57:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:57:19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:42:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_RHCWV8RJ">The Oncoming Ransomware Storm </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_FHVEXGZA" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Political Case for a Blanket Cryptocurrency Ban</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-03-30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/banbitcoin.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/banbitcoin.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:57:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:57:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:42:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_T8HPQTWF">The Political Case for a Blanket Cryptocurrency Ban </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_2IC8BPEC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The political imaginaries of blockchain projects: discerning the expressions of an emerging ecosystem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Syed Omer Husain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex Franklin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk Roep</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Sustainability Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_GIPXKK5R" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The political imaginaries of blockchain projects: discerning the expressions of an emerging ecosystem</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Syed Omer Husain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex Franklin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk Roep</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>There is a wealth of information, hype around, and research
into blockchain's ‘disruptive' and ‘transformative' potential concerning
every industry. However, there is an absence of scholarly attention
given to identifying and analyzing the political premises and
consequences of blockchain projects. Through digital ethnography and
participatory action research, this article shows how blockchain
experiments personify ‘prefigurative politics' by design: they embody
the politics and power structures which they want to enable in society.
By showing how these prefigurative embodiments are informed and
determined by the underlying political imaginaries, the article proposes
a basic typology of blockchain projects. Furthermore, it outlines a
frame to question, cluster, and analyze the expressions of political
imaginaries intrinsic to the design and operationalization of blockchain
projects on three analytic levels: users, intermediaries, and
institutions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 1162502000786</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>379–394</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Sustainability Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00786-x">10.1007/s11625-020-00786-x</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>18624057</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>Decentralization</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>Political imaginaries</li>
<li>Prefigurative politics</li>
<li>Technopolitics</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_EFWQM3KM" class="item book">
<h2>The politics of Bitcoin: software as right-wing extremism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Golumbia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>U of Minnesota Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_JT9M345C" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The politics of cryptography: Bitcoin and the ordering machines</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Quinn DuPont</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://peerproduction.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/DuPont_draft_submission.pdf">http://peerproduction.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/DuPont_draft_submission.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Peer Production</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/http://peerproduction.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/DuPont_draft_submission.pdf">http://peerproduction.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/DuPont_draft_submission.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>control</li>
<li>cryptography</li>
<li>code</li>
<li>order</li>
<li>order TCPDF</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3VMT39E3" class="item bookSection">
<h2>The Postmodern Ponzi Scheme: Empirical Analysis of High-Yield Investment Programs</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>David Hutchison</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Takeo Kanade</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Josef Kittler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Jon M. Kleinberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Friedemann Mattern</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>John C. Mitchell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Moni Naor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Oscar Nierstrasz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>C. Pandu Rangan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Bernhard Steffen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Madhu Sudan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Demetri Terzopoulos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Doug Tygar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Moshe Y. Vardi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="seriesEditor">Series Editor</th>
<td>Gerhard Weikum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="editor">Editor</th>
<td>Angelos D. Keromytis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tyler Moore</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jie Han</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Richard Clayton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2012</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>The Postmodern Ponzi Scheme</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>DOI.org (Crossref)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-32946-3_4">http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-32946-3_4</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 16:43:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Series Title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32946-3_4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7397</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Place</th>
<td>Berlin, Heidelberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISBN</th>
<td>978-3-642-32945-6 978-3-642-32946-3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>41-56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Financial Cryptography and Data Security</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 16:43:07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 16:43:07</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_ID7FXCMT">Submitted Version </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MWYUIS9R" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>The postmodern Ponzi scheme: Empirical analysis of high-yield investment programs</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tyler Moore</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jie Han</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Richard Clayton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2012</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>41–56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>International Conference on financial cryptography and data security</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_V64FGYWA" class="item videoRecording">
<h2>The Problem With NFTs</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Video Recording</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="director">Director</th>
<td>Dan Olson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>If someone pitches you on a "great" Web3 project, ask them if
it requires buying or selling crypto to do what they say it does.Sources
and Further Readinghtt...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>www.youtube.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ_xWvX1n9g">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ_xWvX1n9g</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:23:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:23:43</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:27:09</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Highly recommended</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_TTQTNFA2">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_923FU2QC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The promise of peer-to-peer trading? The potential impact of
blockchain on the actor configuration in the Dutch electricity system</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>M C (Annemarie) Buth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>A J (Anna) Wieczorek</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>G P J (Geert) Verbong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper considers the potential of blockchain technology to
empower distributed and decentralized local electricity markets.
Although blockchain has gained considerable attention in the last few
years as a facilitator for new electricity markets, no attention has yet
been given to its potential influence on the configuration of the
actors in the electricity system and its ability to transform the
existing system. Based on a social network analysis, this paper
investigates how blockchain can influence the actor configuration of the
electricity system in the Netherlands. After describing the Dutch
system, we compare the existing with the potential future system' actor
configuration and the corresponding expected shifts in functions and
network position of the actors. We conclude that although many functions
are likely to remain and new central authorities may be formed, the
impact of blockchain does not seem to be as disruptive and
decentralizing as may be expected. This study provides first
contributions to the ongoing discussion about the potential of
blockchain to disrupt and reshape the electricity system.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629618308296">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629618308296</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>194–205</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Energy Research &amp; Social Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.02.021">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.02.021</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>2214-6296</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>Decentralization</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_GRIDS</li>
<li>Energy</li>
<li>Electricity</li>
<li>Social network analysis</li>
<li>Actor configuration</li>
<li>Transition</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VNXNJDLL" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The real world of the decentralized autonomous society</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>J. Z. Garrod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Many commentators have been quick to note the revolutionary
potential of Bitcoin 2.0 technology, with some even believing that it
represents the coming of a decentralized autonomous society in which
humans are freed from centralized forms of power and control. Influenced
by neoliberal theory, these individuals are implicitly working on the
assumption that ‘freedom' means freedom from the state. This neglects
that the state can also provide freedom from the vagaries of the market
by protecting certain things from commodification. Through an analysis
of (1) class and the role of the state; (2) the concentration and
centralization of capital; and (3) automation, I argue that the vision
of freedom that underpins Bitcoin 2.0 tech is one that neglects the
power that capital holds over us. In neglecting this power, I claim that
this technology might be far more dystopian than we comprehend, making
possible societies that are commodities all the way down.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>62–77</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>TripleC</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v14i1.692">10.31269/triplec.v14i1.692</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1726670X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Ethereum</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
<li>Capitalism</li>
<li>State</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WDFCE24V" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The regulation of crypto-assets in the EU – investment and payment tokens under the radar</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Valeria Ferrari</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Based on the guidelines issued by the European Securities and
Market Authority and by the European Banking Authority, the article
deals with the legal qualification of blockchain-based crypto-assets
under EU law. Focusing on crypto-assets that function as a) investment
instruments (that is, investment tokens) and as b) electronic money
(that is, payment tokens), the work outlines shortages and drawbacks in
the applicability and enforcement of existing EU legal frameworks
regulating investment activities and payment services. With such
analysis, the article seeks to inform the ongoing debate within European
institutions on the need of regulatory intervention in this area, and
it points out pressing questions to be tackled by further research.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>325–342</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X20911538">10.1177/1023263X20911538</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>23995548</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>financial regulation</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
<li>Crypto-assets</li>
<li>enforcement</li>
<li>EU law</li>
<li>fintech</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RBSGXLDW" class="item thesis">
<h2>The Rhetoric of Bitcoin: Money, Politics, and the Construction of Blockchain Communities</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matthew Bellinger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The rise of Bitcoin and related digital currencies has been
accompanied by a proliferation of discourse about these technologies,
including debates about their value and status as forms of money. This
dissertation examines digital currency discourse from a rhetorical
perspective, and traces the development and impact of a key trope of
early Bitcoin discourse—the application of commodity money rhetoric to
Bitcoin—to understand the rhetorical construction of Bitcoin. It argues
that early attempts to establish Bitcoin as a form of money, which
figured Bitcoin as a "natural" entity beyond the reach of community
politics, produced an unanticipated rhetorical fallout: the displacement
of the politics of the Bitcoin community onto the development of
Bitcoin as a technology. It further argues that this early displacement
continues to influence the rhetorical dynamics of Bitcoin and its heirs
by shaping subsequent debates over digital currency governance and
valuation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/43342">https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/43342</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/43342
ISBN: 978-0-438-86971-4
Publication Title: ResearchWorks Archive
PMID: 2186898171</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>223</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Money</li>
<li>Digital currency</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>0459:Communication</li>
<li>0626:Sociology</li>
<li>0681:Rhetoric</li>
<li>Communication</li>
<li>Communication and the arts</li>
<li>Language</li>
<li>literature and linguistics</li>
<li>Rhetoric</li>
<li>Social sciences</li>
<li>Sociology</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_P2F7W47K" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The rise and fall of Albania’s pyramid schemes</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christopher J Jarvis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: International Monetary Fund</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Finance &amp; Development</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_DAI38928" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The rise and fall of Albania’s pyramid schemes</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christopher J Jarvis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: International Monetary Fund</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>37</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Finance &amp; Development</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_6LLHRJFI" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The rise of NFTs: These aren't the droids you're looking for</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Balázs Bodó</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexandra Giannopoulou</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>João Quintais</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Péter Mezei</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: These aren't the droids you're looking for (January 4, 2022). European$\sim$\ldots</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4000423">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4000423</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:17</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_GENERAL</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_TU6WWJNL" class="item book">
<h2>The Road to Serfdom</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Friedrich August Hayek</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bruce Caldwell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 09:17:56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 13:08:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_49PJ8WQ4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The senatorial governance of Bitcoin: making (de)centralized money</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jack Parkin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In recent years the development of cryptocurrencies and wider
implementations of blockchain technology have been valourized as
digitally decentralized networks that dissipate control evenly among
their peers. With Bitcoin, the first blockchain-based cryptocurrency,
monetary policy is enacted via software built through an open source
consensus model. This promotes a techno-decentralist ideology that
promises to democratize societies by eradicating centralized points of
control in economic systems. Contrastingly, this paper demonstrates how
Bitcoin's production process operates through strict authoritative
channels. The overall political framework for altering the Bitcoin code
is described as senatorial governance: a (de)centralized model of
bureaucratic parties who compete to change the monetary policy (codified
rules) of the protocol. This model shows how Bitcoin is not an
autonomous system but is assembled and maintained via human discretion.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>463–487</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Economy and Society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2019.1678262">10.1080/03085147.2019.1678262</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14695766</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>algorithmic decentralization</li>
<li>automation</li>
<li>blockchain governance</li>
<li>cryptoeconomics</li>
<li>forking</li>
<li>human-machine labour</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8NT3TUBQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The social life of Bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nigel Dodd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>35–56</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Theory, culture &amp; society</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SXLWIKR2" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The social life of sardex and liberex: Kin or acquaintances?: A comparison between two mutual credit circuits in Italy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Laura Sartori</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>We offer the first informed comparison of two regional mutual
credit systems-Sardex and Liberex-aimed at sustaining the local economy.
Building on previous research on Sardex, we develop an equivalent
qualitative research investigating both organizers and members of the
local circuit in Emilia Romagna. Within a theoretical framework that
considers money as a social institution, socially and politically
con-structed, we first give an overview of the plurality of existing
money pointing out a heated debate over the nature of money itself.
Then, we move to evaluate whether the same monetary architecture-adopted
by the two mutual credit systems-concretely comes with a similar social
life. We confirm how social life of money is strictly intertwined with
its monetary architecture by design, and discover how deeply it is also
rooted in the institutional and relational contexts where it concretely
operates. Money differs not only by nature and design, but also by
context.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>487–513</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Partecipazione e Conflitto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v13i1p487">10.1285/i20356609v13i1p487</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>20356609</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Trust</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
<li>Complementary currency</li>
<li>Community</li>
<li>Money design</li>
<li>Nature of money</li>
<li>Social life</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XQGBFBBX" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The soft spot of hard code: blockchain technology, network governance and pitfalls of technological utopianism</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Moritz Hütten</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The emerging blockchain technology is expected to contribute
to the transformation of ownership, government services and global
supply chains. By analysing a crisis that occurred with one of its
frontrunners, Ethereum, in this article I explore the discrepancies
between the purported governance of blockchains and the de facto control
of them through expertise and reputation. Ethereum is also thought to
exemplify libertarian techno-utopianism. When ‘The DAO', a highly
publicized but faulty crowd-funded venture fund was deployed on the
Ethereum blockchain, the techno-utopianism was suspended, and developers
fell back on strong network ties. Now that the blockchain technology is
seeing an increasing uptake, I shall also seek to unearth broader
implications of the blockchain for the proliferation or blockage of
global finance and beyond. Contrasting claims about the disruptive
nature of the technology, in this article I show that, by redeeming the
positive utopia of ontic, individualized debt, blockchains reinforce our
belief in a crisis-ridden, financialized capitalism.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>329–348</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Global Networks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12217">10.1111/glob.12217</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14710374</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:47</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>DAO</li>
<li>BITCOIN</li>
<li>BLOCKCHAINS</li>
<li>CRYPTOLOGY</li>
<li>CYBERPUNKS</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>DLT</li>
<li>ETHEREUM</li>
<li>HARD FORK</li>
<li>SMART CONTRACTS</li>
<li>TECHNO-UTOPIANISM</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QU7ZNQZ7" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>The Strange Alliance of Crypto and MAGA Believers</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul Krugman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Crusading for God, family … and Bitcoin?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>NYTimes.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/opinion/crypto-cryptocurrency-money-conspiracy.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/opinion/crypto-cryptocurrency-money-conspiracy.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:17:33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Section</th>
<td>Opinion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>0362-4331</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:17:33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 13:18:21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Virtual Currency</li>
<li>Banking and Financial Institutions</li>
<li>Bitcoin (Currency)</li>
<li>Conspiracy Theories</li>
<li>polarization</li>
<li>Right-Wing Extremism and Alt-Right</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_RPXKB7VX" class="item blogPost">
<h2>The Third Web</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>(This text is very long. Maybe too long. You can find a PDF
and an EPUB of it below.The current version of this text will always
live at https://web3.tante.ccSatya has created an audio version of this
essay. Eine deutsche Version findet sich hier. Una versione italiana di
questo testo è qui – grazie Nebbia! En […]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-12-17T00:28:12+00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://tante.cc/2021/12/17/the-third-web/">https://tante.cc/2021/12/17/the-third-web/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:52:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>long critical essay including detailed history by Tante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Nodes in a social network</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:52:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:52:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_3MMZ2FAC">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8K4LIHFC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The thousand-and-second tale of NFTS, as foretold by Edgar Allan Poe</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Johanna Gibson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>249–269</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2021.03.00">10.4337/qmjip.2021.03.00</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>20459815</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:17</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_IP</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9FJQQMKP" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Tinkerbell Griftopia</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-11-19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/tinkerbell.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/tinkerbell.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:57</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:44:04</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_JCAPV8X2">The Tinkerbell Griftopia </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_VRG979L4" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Token Disconnect</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-11-27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/disconnect.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/disconnect.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:55:29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:44:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_FLYIJ6VB">The Token Disconnect </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZW73FVXM" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Tokenization of Space and Cash Out without Debt: Focus on Security Token Offerings Using Blockchain Technology</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hoobin Lee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dasom Hong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper analyzes two cases of space tokenization, Meridio
and QuantmRE, to explore the potential of tokenization as a new means of
space financialization. Space tokenization is based on blockchain
technology and security token offering (STO). Although some financial
geographers noted the possible impact of blockchain technology on space
financialization, it has not been examined in depth. Therefore, this
paper demonstrates space tokenization cases in detail. Meridio and
QuantmRE suggest financial structures that convert space into tokens
based on fractional ownership transactions. QuantmRE, specifically,
allows a homeowner to secure cash without either debt or ownership
relinquishment through sales of tokenized home equity. As this method
takes a form of sale transaction rather than a loan, it enables
financial institutions to circumvent strengthened regulation on loans
after the 2008 global financial crisis. Moreover, even "house poor"
households, who own houses but lack cash due to excessive loans, can
cash out from their properties through QuantmRE. As such, space
tokenization enables financial institutions to overcome constrained
conditions after the global financial crisis, thereby reproducing space
financialization. Space tokenization also has the potential to
geographically expand space financialization through stimulating
investment in the depressed housing market.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO202113259286501.page">https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO202113259286501.page</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>76–101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>Blockchain Technology</li>
<li>Financial Geography</li>
<li>Financialization</li>
<li>House Poor Households</li>
<li>Housing Finance</li>
<li>Space Tokenization</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_5XMAPPQU" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Treachery of Images: Non-fungible tokens and copyright</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andres Guadamuz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper examines Bitcoin from a legal and regulatory
perspective, answering several important questions. We begin by
explaining what Bitcoin is, and why it matters. We describe problems
with Bitcoin as a method of implementing a cryptocurrency. This
introduction to cryptocurrencies allows us eventually to ask the
inevitable question: Is it legal? What are the regulatory responses to
the currency? Can it be regulated? We make clear why virtual currencies
are of interest, how self-regulation has failed, and what useful lessons
can be learned. Finally, we produce useful and semi-permanent findings
into the usefulness of virtual currencies in general, blockchains as a
means of mining currency, and the profundity of Bitcoin as compared with
the development of block chain technologies. We conclude that though
Bitcoin may be the equivalent of Second Life a decade later, so
blockchains may be the equivalent of Web 2.0 social networks, a truly
transformative social technology.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Oxford University Press UK</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1367–1385</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3905452">10.2139/ssrn.3905452</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:17</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_IP</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LV9KRFDC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The Truth About Blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marco Iansiti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Karim R Lakhani</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Harvard University, hbr. org/2017/01/the-truth-about-blockchain, accessed date: February</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_C3DCMZAY" class="item book">
<h2>The untold story of bitcoin</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nathaniel Popper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Allen Lane</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_8WG6IWY5" class="item document">
<h2>The untold story of NotPetya, the most devastating cyberattack in history</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>MIKE McQuade</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Wired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_RV3K2BJV" class="item blogPost">
<h2>The Value Investor's Case for... Bitcoin?!</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bill Miller</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Our thought process on Bitcoin is a representative example of
our probabilistic value approach, even though the asset may not hit the
radar screens of more traditional value investors.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015-09-08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>The Value Investor's Case for... Bitcoin?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://millervalue.com/a-value-investors-case-for-bitcoin/">https://millervalue.com/a-value-investors-case-for-bitcoin/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:15:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Miller Value Partners</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:15:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 17:16:06</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>read/catherine</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_2WMUPMAQ">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_EUYIDIX5" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The veil of economy: Electronic money and the pyramidal structure of societies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christian Papillouda</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Aldo Haeslerb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Electronic money is a compound of currency and technology
which takes its rise around 1970 while benefiting at the same time from
the miniaturization in electronics and the democratization of
informatics. Electronic money covers the payment cards with magnetic
tape, chip cards, the contact-less payments by card, mobile phone, or
tablet PC, and the logical moneys (often called ‘virtual moneys' such as
the Bitcoin, the Litecoin, the PPCoin, the Ven, the Linden dollar, the
‘gold' as in the digital game World of Warcraft). These forms of
electronic moneys have three common properties: the cryptography, the
network, and the privileges. Cryptography conditions the ways to access
the money. The network represents the kind of regulation of electronic
moneys. The privileges differentiate the use of electronic moneys. Each
form of electronic money does not match these three conditions
identically because all are not equipped with the same technologies and
the same related services. Nevertheless, the presence of these three
properties within all forms of electronic money leads to a better
understanding of how such functionalized money deeply changes our view
on modern society. Indeed, whereas the economic standard model considers
money as a veil hiding economic reality, the case of electronic money
lets us think, on the contrary, since the swell period of the early
1970s, of the real economy as veiling socio-economic reality, which has
to be considered as a kind of a Ponzi scheme. While this scheme becomes
the core of societal reality, the economic laws and their sociological
as well as political equivalents, functional differentiation, and
democracy are no longer the pillars of modernity. They hide this reality
as fetishes enabling its order.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>54–68</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Distinktion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/1600910X.2014.882853">10.1080/1600910X.2014.882853</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21599149</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
<li>Cryptography</li>
<li>Electronic money</li>
<li>Functionalization</li>
<li>Modernity</li>
<li>Network</li>
<li>Ponzi scheme</li>
<li>Privileges</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KBWLTBT7" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>The volatility of Bitcoin and its role as a medium of exchange and a store of value</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirk G. Baur</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Thomas Dimpfl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin is designed as a peer-to-peer cash system. To work as a
currency, it must be stable or be backed by a government. In this
paper, we show that the volatility of Bitcoin prices is extreme and
almost 10 times higher than the volatility of major exchange rates (US
dollar against the euro and the yen). The excess volatility even
adversely affects its potential role in portfolios. Our analysis implies
that Bitcoin cannot function as a medium of exchange and has only
limited use as a risk-diversifier. In contrast, we use the deflationary
design of Bitcoin as a theoretical basis and demonstrate that Bitcoin
displays store of value characteristics over long horizons.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>61</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>2663–2683</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Empirical Economics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-020-01990-5">10.1007/s00181-020-01990-5</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14358921</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_BUBBLE</li>
<li>Digital currency</li>
<li>Medium of exchange</li>
<li>Volatility</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LK9MKZNY" class="item webpage">
<h2>The Web3 Fraud</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nicholas Weaver</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-12-16T13:35:57-08:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.usenix.org/publications/loginonline/web3-fraud">https://www.usenix.org/publications/loginonline/web3-fraud</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:54:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>USENIX</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:54:58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:55:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_HGARYITT">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_IFZ59A73" class="item book">
<h2>Theories of inflation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Helmut Frisch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1983</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Cambridge University Press</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_CTSB358N" class="item document">
<h2>There Are More Dollars in Venezuela Now Than There Are Bolivars</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alex Vasquez</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019-12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-03/there-are-more-dollars-in-venezuela-now-than-there-are-bolivars">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-03/there-are-more-dollars-in-venezuela-now-than-there-are-bolivars</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Bloomberg.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Bloomberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_3LPP52DM" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>There is no Alternative: SWIFT as Infrastructure Intermediary in Global Financial Markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Sabine Dörry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gary Robinson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ben Derudder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article explores the changing infrastructural
architecture of global finance through the lens of Global Production
Networks (GPNs). Financial markets infrastructure (FMI) for
international payments and securities trading form the backbone of
global finance. However, this FMI is typically hidden from observation,
debate, and analysis, partly because international payments have
functioned in broadly the same way for almost 50 years, governed by
large global banks and the co-operative Society for Worldwide Interbank
Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT). A global monopoly sensitive to
geo-political upheavals, SWIFT is increasingly influential in acting to
the benefit of the world's most powerful financial and political
players. Thus, more than a mere passive facilitator of global economic
activity, we argue in this paper that FMI forms a carefully crafted
socio-economic system of geo-political relevance, whose core components
‘power' and ‘embeddedness' we seek to comprehend with the GPN framework.
We introduce SWIFT as a key player in global FMI and establish a
conceptual dialogue between the recently introduced notion of the GPNs
of finance and the newly developed idea of the GPNs of financial
infrastructure. Incorporating Allen's (1997) power dimensions, we
demonstrate their coexistence and complementarity in their carefully
orchestrated, tightly intertwined global organizational arrangements. We
show that SWIFT's proneness to technological and organizational change
threatens to reconfigure long-established actors, processes and
relationships in and beyond finance, and argue that this makes an
in-depth understanding of FMI vital.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Geography Working Paper Series</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>December</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:23:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>FINANCE</li>
<li>FINANCE_POWER</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MMVMM4EH" class="item document">
<h2>There’s No Good Reason to Trust Blockchain Technology</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bruce Schneier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/theres-no-good-reason-to-trust-blockchain-technology/">https://www.wired.com/story/theres-no-good-reason-to-trust-blockchain-technology/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Wired Magazine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_KU2YSTTN" class="item document">
<h2>This is how North Korea uses cutting-edge crypto money laundering to steal millions</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Mike Orcutt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/05/916688/north-korean-hackers-cryptocurrency-money-laundering/">http://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/05/916688/north-korean-hackers-cryptocurrency-money-laundering/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: MIT Technology Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>MIT Technology Review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_JRVQ3KQQ" class="item report">
<h2>This time is different: A panoramic view of eight centuries of financial crises</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Report</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Carmen M Reinhart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kenneth S Rogoff</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2008</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Institution</th>
<td>National Bureau of Economic Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_DQTY2VZM" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Those who control the code control the rules: How different
perspectives of privacy are being written into the code of blockchain
systems</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Robin Renwick</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rob Gleasure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain systems afford new privacy capabilities. This
threatens to create conflict, as different social groups involved in
blockchain development often disagree on which capabilities specific
systems should enact. This article adopts a boundary object perspective
to make sense of disagreements between collaborating social worlds. We
perform a case study of privacy attitudes among collaborating actors in
Monero, a cryptocurrency community that emphasises privacy and
decentralisation alongside a set of values sometimes described as
anti-establishment, crypto-anarchist, and/or cypherpunk. The case study
performs a series of interviews with users, developers, cryptographic
researchers, corporate architects, and government regulators. Three
novel and important findings emerge. The first is that none of the
social worlds express a desire to monitor routine transactions, despite
the obvious business and tax-collection value of such data. The second
is that regulators are happy to postpone active involvement, based on
the flawed assumption they can impose privacy-related regulation later,
once risks have become clear. Such regulation may not be possible as
protocols and rulesets currently being coded into the system may be
impossible to amend in the future (unless they can obtain either
developer or network consensus). The third is that regulators assume
methods for overseeing extraordinary transaction are necessary to avoid
widespread, near-effortless money laundering. Yet, each of the other
social worlds is operating under the assumption that this trade-off has
already been accepted. These findings demonstrate subtle power
transitions and changes in privacy attitudes that have implications for
research on blockchain, management, and boundary objects in general.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0268396220944406">https://doi.org/10.1177/0268396220944406</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>16–38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Information Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0268396220944406">10.1177/0268396220944406</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>14664437</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>boundary objects</li>
<li>Monero</li>
<li>privacy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MEL5YV22" class="item webpage">
<h2>Three things Web3 should fix in 2022</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Casey Newton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>"The Problem With NFTs" can’t be dismissed.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-28T12:00:00-05:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/28/22906010/web3-nft-internet-history-video-platformer">https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/28/22906010/web3-nft-internet-history-video-platformer</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 16:35:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>The Verge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 16:35:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 16:35:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_NNWRC4K9">
<div><p><span style="color: #24292f; font-family: -apple-system, 'system-ui', 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji'; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">a response to The Problem with NFTs - 28 Jan 2022</span></p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_N7769END">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZHW8E2GN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Times are changing and so are payment patterns</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Frida Erlandsson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gabriela Guibourg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Economic Commentaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_6GTCWL8X" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>To the moon: defining and detecting cryptocurrency pump-and-dumps</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Josh Kamps</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Bennett Kleinberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Springer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Crime Science</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_XQT6BLML" class="item webpage">
<h2>Today on Sick Sad World: How The Cryptobros Have Fallen</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jamie Zawinski</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Or, the through-line from Assassination Politics to monkey
JPEGs. The joke goes, "Stop saying you were promised flying cars. Unless
you were born in 1935, you weren't promised flying cars, you were
promised a cyberpunk corporate dystopia. You're welcome." Or, in the
immortal words of Blank Reg, "You know how we said 'No Future'? Well.
This is it." In the 80s and 90s, hacker culture was flush ...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-04T15:01:51-08:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>Today on Sick Sad World</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.jwz.org/blog/2022/01/today-on-sick-sad-world-how-the-cryptobros-have-fallen/">https://www.jwz.org/blog/2022/01/today-on-sick-sad-world-how-the-cryptobros-have-fallen/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:21:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Jamie Zawinski is a legendary coder and co-founder of Mozilla</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:21:38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:41:00</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_JTK7Y8LM">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_MJQG2W4K" class="item conferencePaper">
<h2>Token-Centric Work Practices in Fluid Organizations: The Cases of Yearn and MakerDAO</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Conference Paper</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nina-Birte Schirrmacher</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Johannes Rude Jensen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michel Avital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2021">https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2021</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Proceedings Title</th>
<td>The 42nd International Conference on Information Systems: ICIS
2021: Building Sustainability and Resilience With is: A Call for Action</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2021/is_future_work/is_future_work/17/">https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2021/is_future_work/is_future_work/17/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:21:24</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DAOS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AEJM546L" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Tokenized index funds: A blockchain-based concept and a multidisciplinary research framework</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Raffaele Fabio Ciriello</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In response to the bleak prospects of today's financial
markets, a wave of financial and technological innovations emerges,
bringing about potential benefits but also new challenges. For instance,
tokenized securities are a new kind of blockchain-based asset enabling
price stability, programmability, pseudonymity, and transaction
efficiency, while also introducing new regulatory challenges and
uncertainties. Conversely, index funds are an established investment
device enabling broad diversification in a cost-effective,
tax-efficient, and transparent way, while potentially also contributing
to concentration of market power, intermediation cost, access barriers
for underbanked or impoverished investors, increased market volatility,
and human behavioral challenges. This paper conceptually develops
Tokenized Index Funds as a hybrid approach that combines the benefits of
tokenized securities and index funds while alleviating some of their
drawbacks. Based thereupon, a corresponding multidisciplinary research
framework is presented, with sample research questions along the
activities of design and features, business and economics, management
and organization, and law and regulation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>61</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102400</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Information Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102400">10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102400</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>02684012</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>Finance</li>
<li>Index funds</li>
<li>Investing</li>
<li>Stablecoins</li>
<li>Tokenized securities</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7469ZX8D" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Tokenized: The Law of Non-Fungible Tokens and Unique Digital Property</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Joshua Fairfield</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Markets for unique digital property-digital equivalents of
rare artworks, collectible trading cards, and other assets that gain
value from scarcity-have exploded in the past several months. At root is
the next iteration of blockchain technology, unique digital assets
called non-fungible tokens. Unlike Bitcoin, where one coin is the same
as another, NFTs are unique, each with different attributes. An NFT that
represented ownership of Boardwalk would be quite different from one
that represented Baltic Avenue. NFTs have grown from a few early
breakout successes to a rapidly developing market for unique digital
treasures. The attraction to buyers is that unlike digital assets like
e-books or licensed movies, NFTs can be bought, sold, displayed, gifted,
or even destroyed just like personal property. Yet law has not kept
pace with demand for unique digital property. In particular, the rules
designed for the 2000s internet focused on expanding intellectual
property licenses and online contracts to the point that we are mere
users, not owners, of digital assets. This article proposes a clear path
for the evolution of the legal underpinnings of NFTs. It argues that
NFTs are personal property, not contracts (despite the "smart contracts"
popular nomenclature) or pure intellectual property licenses (despite
the currently governing law of digital assets like e-books). Because
transactions in NFTs are in the form of a sale, the law of sales of
personal property should apply. And finally, the article notes </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3821102">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3821102</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–99</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Indiana Law Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3821102">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3821102</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:17:17</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>NFTS</li>
<li>NFTS_IP</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_R7STPKLB" class="item thesis">
<h2>Toward a Political Sociology of Blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kristopher Anders Jones</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This thesis project was intended to take an exploratory look
at blockchain technology using an interdisciplinary social lens. Drawing
on a variety of sources, including Actor-Network Theory, multiplicity,
prefigurative politics, Marx's early writings on technology, and
ideological aspects of both hacker culture and free and open source
software development, a complex but useful theoretical framework is
proposed. Using a multiple methodological approach combining digital
ethnography, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis, social
aspects of the blockchain space are explored and an initial first
description of demographics and characteristics of the blockchain
community is proposed. The thesis finds that the utilization of
blockchain technology is playing out in many ways, and there are widely
varying positions taken from different groups on development and
essential technological characteristics as well as potential
motivations. The blockchain area is rapidly evolving, and interest from
institutions has been growing. Given the potential prefigurative
attributes of the space, there is the potential for institutional and
capitalist interests to co-opt and integrate within the space, but this
could stand to fundamentally change the uses of the technology. The
thesis concludes that it is absolutely imperative that social scientists
begin to think seriously about this technological development and its
social characteristics and implications prior to widespread and
institutional adoption.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/24924">https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/24924</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/24924</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:27:45</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>SOCIOLOGY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SGU7W4UQ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Toward Emancipatory Currencies: A Critique of Facebook's Libra Cryptocurrency and Ideas for Alternatives</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marvin Landwehr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Volker Wulf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Money underpins everyone's daily life. Possible solutions for
the global problems fail if there is not enough money. Yet changes to
our monetary system are rarely included in the discussion. Against this
backdrop, cryptocurrencies create important new precedents regarding how
money can be created. Libra is a recent cryptocurrency project launched
by one of the dominant social media companies, which has been the
subject of intense international discussion. Because the details of
Libra are not yet fully specified, we present different scenarios of how
a successful Libra currency might play out and some of the problems
that might follow. These scenarios include the monetization of the
payment infrastructure, (ab)use of sanctioning power, a reduction of the
reserve ratio, and an abandonment of reconvertability. These problems
suggest a number regulatory strategies in response. Finally, we describe
values and design requirements that might help guide future
cryptocurrency innovation and provide ways of evaluating their success
or failure.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 9781450375955</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>236–246</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>PervasiveHealth: Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1145/3401335.3401365">10.1145/3401335.3401365</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21531633</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>STABLECOINS</li>
<li>cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>Libra</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>Facebook</li>
<li>economics</li>
<li>monetary diversity</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_C8WAGWP5" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Towards a holistic assessment of centralization in distributed ledgers</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ashish Rajendra Sai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: University of Limerick</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://ulir.ul.ie/handle/10344/10766">https://ulir.ul.ie/handle/10344/10766</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>DECENTRALIZATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_8EYVQX6Y" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Towards a Theory of Digital Network De/centralization: Platform-Infrastructure Lessons Drawn from Blockchain</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Enrico Rossi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Carsten Sorensen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Global digital platforms are conquering the world and rely
critically on digital infrastructures to function, yet little research
has explored the fundamental interrelationship between the two. This
working paper argues that understanding centralization and
decentralization in digital networks as asymmetry and symmetry in mutual
interdependencies between the constitutive elements of a digital
network can help us understand the platform-infrastructure relationship
more fundamentally (and vice versa). To this end, the paper proposes, as
a starting point, the in-depth analytical and literature study of
blockchain networks as a particularly revealing type of digital
platform/infrastructure duality. The paper proposes an analytical model
for characterizing de/centralization in digital networks and maps this
onto blockchain networks. Based on this, the paper explores the
de/centralization of blockchain, arguing that the extant blockchain
literature largely has failed in providing a comprehensive understanding
of de/centralization by not considering the complex second-order
interdependencies between the different constitutive dimensions of a
blockchain: the symbolic, technological and political dimension. Based
on this, the paper provides an analysis of the meaning of
de/centralization in blockchain networks by studying the
interdependencies between its constitutive elements of coin, network
technology, and social community.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–119</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3503609">10.2139/ssrn.3503609</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>blockchain analytical framework</li>
<li>carsten</li>
<li>centralization</li>
<li>decentralization</li>
<li>definition</li>
<li>digital</li>
<li>digital network de</li>
<li>digital networks</li>
<li>digital platform</li>
<li>enrico and sørensen</li>
<li>infrastructure</li>
<li>platform-infrastructure</li>
<li>published as</li>
<li>rossi</li>
<li>this working paper is</li>
<li>towards a theory of</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_HAZDADSM" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Trading and arbitrage in cryptocurrency markets</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Igor Makarov</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Antoinette Schoar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Elsevier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>135</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>293–319</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Financial Economics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_AAH26C9Q" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Transaction costs and tethers: Why I’m a crypto skeptic</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Paul Krugman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The New York Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_GKKUF9TB" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Trust, Blockchain-based Technologies, Public Sector, and the Social Good</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Balázs Bodó</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Many public institutions, government bodies, municipalities
are experimenting with blockchain based systems, decentralized ledgers,
smart contracts to deliver new innovative services to citizens, or
improve the speed, efficiency, accuracy of existing ones. This short
policy analysis looks at the potential mismatch between usually
high-trust public institutions, and trust-minimizing technological
infrastructures. We warn that, in general, we should avoid replacing a
high-trust environment with a trust-minimizing technology. Pre-existing
trust is very valuable, and no new technology should endanger trust
which is extremely hard to build but very easy to destroy. Of course,
not all institutions enjoy the trust of the citizenry. In low-trust
environments the implementation of trust minimizing technologies need to
consider the relative benefits and harms of the different approaches to
dealing with low-trust environments. One can decide to implement a
technology that is able to operate in such low-trust settings. The
alternative to this is to try to implement technologies and policies
that foster the emergence of trust. What is the preferable way forward:
replacing distrusted public entities with trust-minimizing technologies,
or improving their trustworthiness? Should we implement a
trust-minimizing architecture, or a trust-maximizing one? Our
institutions may be imperfect, and often produce arbitrary outcomes;
sometimes they are downright oppressive. But at least there are clear
lines of social, public, institutional, political and economic
accountability and oversight. Such mechanisms of trust are yet to mature
with regard to blockchain technologies. Unless these technologies can
be brought into the fold, they remain largely unaccountable, thus
fundamentally untrustworthy. And even if they are, we still don't know
which is preferable: a polycentric system of power of checks and
balances, which involves democratic oversight, or an ideally
decentralized and disintermediated one, where power concentration is
prevented? This should be a warning to well-intentioned public servants,
institutions and private actors who are looking at implementing
blockchain systems in order to better their domain or be seen as
innovative, or simply because they fear missing out on a technology
development sold to them as a revolution. It may be worth their while
not to rush. It is OK to be slow and cautious. Disruptive digital
innovation that targets trust should be treated with extreme caution.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641501">10.2139/ssrn.3641501</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1556-5068</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Q9Z6DC8Q" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Trust, But Verify: Why the Blockchain Needs the Law</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kevin D. Werbach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The blockchain could be the most consequential development in
information technology since the internet. Created to support the
Bitcoin digital currency, the blockchain is actually something deeper: A
novel solution to the age-old human problem of trust. Its potential is
extraordinary. Yet without effective governance, this approach may not
promote trust at all. Wholly divorced from legal enforcement,
blockchain-based systems may be counterproductive or even dangerous. And
they are less insulated from the law's reach than it seems. The central
question is not how to regulate blockchains, but how blockchains
regulate. They may supplement, complement, or substitute for legal
enforcement. Excessive or premature application of rigid legal
obligations will stymie innovation and forego opportunities to leverage
technology to achieve public policy objectives. Blockchain developers
and legal institutions can work together. Each must recognize the unique
affordances of the other system.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2844409">10.2139/ssrn.2844409</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1086-3818</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Trust</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_CODE_LAW</li>
<li>Internet</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LPCVI6XN" class="item bookSection">
<h2>Trust, Finance and Cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Book Section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Enrico Beltramini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: 10.4324/9781315172606-19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Routledge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>184–195</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Book Title</th>
<td>Anarchism, Organization and Management</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_LPNXT9U2" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Trust, reputation and ambiguous freedoms: financial institutions
and subversive libertarians navigating blockchain, markets, and
regulation</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Inês Faria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This article departs from the post 2008 financial crisis
context, from its intersection with technological developments, and from
the socio-technical arrangements configured by this conjuncture. It
explores plans and actions – of mainstream financial institutions, and
of a community seeking for alternatives to centralised economy and
governance – for the use of digital platforms supported by blockchain
infrastructure. In particular, it explores how such plans and actions
relate to conceptions of public and peer trust and how they appear to
produce, or reinforce, reputational imaginaries and quantification
practices within added value philosophies. By illuminating a tension
between the two identified case examples, I seek to render alternative
communities' and financial institutions' conceptions, imaginaries and
practices (more) visible and to analyse their organisational marketing
strategies – where there is a pragmatic and discursive
operationalisation of technology as well as of trust as means to gain
more self-sovereignty in action, while navigating markets and regulated
actual world contexts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2018.1547986">https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2018.1547986</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>119–132</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Cultural Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2018.1547986">10.1080/17530350.2018.1547986</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17530369</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
<li>trust</li>
<li>regulation</li>
<li>markets</li>
<li>quantification</li>
<li>reputation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_SAPLG746" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Trustless libertarians ? Attitudes about trust, politics, science and the environment in the blockchain community</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Laizeau T Boon-Falleur M</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technology emerged in 2008 in the midst of the
financial crisis to provide a decentralized alternative to financial
institutions. Members of the blockchain community, including the
pseudonymous inventor of the technology Satoshi Nokamoto, have often
expressed low levels of trust toward traditional institutions such as
central banks. In contrast, they argue that blockchain technology
applications such as cryptocurrencies or decentralized autonomous
organisations do not require the intervention of a third party and are
therefore more trustworthy while also allowing for more freedom. In this
context, members of the blockchain community are often described as
trustless and libertarian. In this study, we tested whether members of
the blockchain community indeed are different from the general
population in terms of their attitudes toward trust, politics, science
and the environment. We found that the blockchain community is less
trusting of people and institutions, favors more private poverty, and is
less pro-environmental than the general population. Given that trust in
institutions has been decreasing in recent years, decentralized systems
powered by blockchain technology may become appealing to a growing
number of people around the world.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://psyarxiv.com/ka7st">https://psyarxiv.com/ka7st</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/ka7st</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>_LATEST</li>
<li>trust</li>
<li>environment</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>politics</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ZWQKVU43" class="item document">
<h2>UCSF Hack Shows Evolving Risks of Ransomware in the Covid Era</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Kartikay Mehrotra</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-08-19/ucsf-hack-shows-evolving-risks-of-ransomware-in-the-covid-era">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-08-19/ucsf-hack-shows-evolving-risks-of-ransomware-in-the-covid-era</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: Bloomberg.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Bloomberg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_78Q389GF" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Understanding DeFi ecosystem and how can it change or transform existing financial system</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexander Nedashkovskiy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://lutpub.lut.fi/handle/10024/162989">https://lutpub.lut.fi/handle/10024/162989</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_GGR6U32V" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Understanding the blockchain oracle problem: A call for action</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Giulio Caldarelli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Scarce and niche in the literature just a few years ago, the
blockchain topic is now the main subject in conference papers and books.
However, the hype generated by the technology and its potential
implications for real-world applications is flawed by many
misconceptions about how it works and how it is implemented, creating
faulty thinking or overly optimistic expectations. Too often,
characteristics such as immutability, transparency, and censorship
resistance, which mainly belong to the bitcoin blockchain, are sought in
regular blockchains, whose potential is barely comparable. Furthermore,
critical aspects such as oracles and their role in smart contracts
receive few literature contributions, leaving results and theoretical
implications highly questionable. This literature review of the latest
papers in the field aims to give clarity to the blockchain oracle
problem by discussing its effects in some of the most promising
real-world applications. The analysis supports the view that the more
trusted a system is, the less the oracle problem impacts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Information (Switzerland)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.3390/info11110509">10.3390/info11110509</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>20782489</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:25:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>Smart contracts</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART</li>
<li>LAW &amp; SMART_SC</li>
<li>Oracles</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4FALB3RH" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Understanding the Modern Monetary System</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Cullen O Roche</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://ssrn.com/paper=1905625">http://ssrn.com/paper=1905625</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_WN8YVKIY" class="item webpage">
<h2>UNICEF and Giga Funding Opportunity</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>UNICEF Venture Fund and Giga Call for Blockchain-based Software Solutions to Build Capacity and Empower Communities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.unicef.org/innovation/venturefund/funding-opportunity-blockchain-capacity-building">https://www.unicef.org/innovation/venturefund/funding-opportunity-blockchain-capacity-building</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:24:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:24:20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:28:51</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>AID</li>
<li>development</li>
<li>UNICEF</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_NFWKPQR6">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_PMCFILXU" class="item document">
<h2>United States v. Scheinberg</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:16</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_YGDFLQ96" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Venture capital and regulatory uncertainty</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Florian Moslein</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Christopher Rennig</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Società editrice il Mulino</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>20</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>135–148</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Analisi Giuridica dell'Economia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1-2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:08:59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 09:08:59</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_KBBVBYLJ" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Virtual Assets and Virtual Asset Service Providers</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/recommendations/RBA-VA-VASPs.pdf">https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/recommendations/RBA-VA-VASPs.pdf</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Financial Action Task Force</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_8V5BLSB3" class="item document">
<h2>We Asked Crypto News Outlets If They’d Take Money to Cover a Project. More Than Half Said Yes</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Corin Faife</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://breakermag.com/we-asked-crypto-news-outlets-if-theyd-take-money-to-cover-a-project-more-than-half-said-yes/">https://breakermag.com/we-asked-crypto-news-outlets-if-theyd-take-money-to-cover-a-project-more-than-half-said-yes/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publication Title: BREAKERMAG</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_JVWLHQFF" class="item thesis">
<h2>"We Don't Want Hippy Money”: Contradiction and Exchange in a Local Currency System</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tonya Canning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dalhousie University.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/handle/10222/74190">https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/handle/10222/74190</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/handle/10222/74190
Issue: August</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th># of Pages</th>
<td>415</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>PhD Thesis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_7ZUV8KSU" class="item webpage">
<h2>Web3 is Bullshit</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Stephen Diehl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-12-04</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/web3-bullshit.html">https://www.stephendiehl.com/blog/web3-bullshit.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:45:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:45:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:45:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_C2RAYQMN">Web3 is Bullshit </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XVLSY96Q" class="item webpage">
<h2>Web3 Takes Trust Too - Bloomberg</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matt Levine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-01-10/web3-takes-trust-too">https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-01-10/web3-takes-trust-too</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:51:54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 10:51:54</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:49:26</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_AHYQ4K2J">Web3 Takes Trust Too - Bloomberg </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_KN84Y5JH" class="item webpage">
<h2>Web3: A Map in Search of Territory</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Evgeny Morozov</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Web3 is self-referential in the extreme. The value of the
tokens is expected to grow as everything is to become more liquid and
interconnected: tokens from one DAO will be valuable in another; more
activities will be fractionalized; more institutions will turn into
DAOs; more objects into NFTs...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-01-13T17:32:00.000Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>Web3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://the-crypto-syllabus.com/web3-a-map-in-search-of-territory/">https://the-crypto-syllabus.com/web3-a-map-in-search-of-territory/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 16:27:25</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>The Crypto Syllabus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 16:27:24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>03/03/2022, 16:28:54</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_6KN655QF">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ICNEADRV" class="item manuscript">
<h2>Welche Zukunft hat die Blockchain-Technologie in der Energiewirtschaft?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Manuscript</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Alexander Bogensperger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andreas Zeiselmair</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Michael Hinterstocker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Patrick Dossow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Johannes Hilpert</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Maximilian Wimmer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Carsten von Gneisenau</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nikolas Klausmann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jens Strüker</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Nils Urbach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Benjamin Schellinger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Johannes Sedlmeir</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fabiane Völter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Die Blockchain-Technologie erfuhr die Spitze ihres ersten
großen Hypes im Jahr 2017. Bei der Blockchain-Technologie handelt es
sich um ein dezentrales elektronisches Register für digitale
Transaktionen. Zu den Eigenschaften der Technologie zählen u. a. eine
hohe Manipulationsresistenz, welche Vertrauen in digitale Daten erzeugen
kann, sowie die Möglichkeit, Prozesse und Transaktionen, ohne
Intermediär abzuwickeln. Diese besonderen Eigenschaften ermöglichen die
Entstehung eines "Internets der Werte". Während Kryptowährungen den
bekanntesten Anwendungsfall darstellen (oft auch "digitale Währungen"
oder "Krypto-Token" genannt), sind seit der Einführung der Technologie
im Jahr 2008 viele weitere Anwendungsfälle diskutiert worden. Dabei
bietet sich die Technologie nicht als Universallösung für jegliche
Problemstellungen an. Das nachfolgende Diskussionspapier soll aufzeigen,
in welchen Branchen sich die Technologie bereits etabliert hat, welche
allgemeinen Missverständnisse die Technologie umgeben und wo ihre
energiewirtschaftlichen Einsatzmöglichkeiten liegen. Zudem soll
aufgezeigt werden, welche technologieunabhängigen Hürden den Einsatz der
Technologie erschweren.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>DOI: https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/237670</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CRYPTO</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_EMISSIONS</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WRKPHRAN" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>What Determines Success in Initial Coin Offerings?</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Abe De Jong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Peter Roosenboom</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tom van der Kolk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://ssrn.com/paper=3250035">http://ssrn.com/paper=3250035</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_A4F2KSHC" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>What happened to the crypto dream?, part 1</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Arvind Narayanan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: IEEE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>75–76</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>IEEE security &amp; privacy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:13</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_HVVS3CYZ" class="item podcast">
<h2>What is Ethereum and How to Build a Decentralized Future</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Podcast</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="podcaster">Podcaster</th>
<td>Future Thinkers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Vitalik Buterin talks about Ethereum, decentralized platforms,
crypto currency, smart contracts, and why those things matter for the
future of the economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://futurethinkers.org/vitalik-buterin-ethereum-decentralized-future/">https://futurethinkers.org/vitalik-buterin-ethereum-decentralized-future/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:21:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Section: Podcast</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:21:39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 11:23:35</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_45X896JY">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_YX3FV287" class="item document">
<h2>What is Freedom? Between Past and Future: Eight exercises in political thought</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Hannah Arendt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>1993</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>New York: Penguin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:14</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_N3TMNI4R" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>What is in It for Me? Identifying Drivers of Blockchain Acceptance among German Consumers</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Florian Knauer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Andreas Mann</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: The British Blockchain Association</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>10484</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Journal of the British Blockchain Association</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:12</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_I9EVZQAC" class="item blogPost">
<h2>What is money, really? And why Bitcoin is not the answer (even if
blockchain is brilliant &amp; potentially helpful in democratising
money)</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Yanis Varoufakis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Recently, I argued that a central bank cryptocurrency can be a
useful tool in the struggle to democratise money. Such a tool is, of
course, not enough. The main task in democratising money is first to
democratise the central bank – before deploying useful instruments like a
central bank cryptocurrency. As many readers (correctly) pointed […]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-08-02T10:47:46+00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-GB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>What is money, really?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.yanisvaroufakis.eu/2021/08/02/what-is-money/">https://www.yanisvaroufakis.eu/2021/08/02/what-is-money/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 10:56:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Yanis Varoufakis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 10:56:47</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 10:57:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_UNLPCGXU">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Q6QLMF47" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>What's holding back blockchain finance? On the possibility of decentralized autonomous finance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Cameron Harwick</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>James Caton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Despite the past decade's rapid innovation in adapting
blockchain technology to new uses, financial intermediation remains
elusive except in basic and highly collateralized forms. We introduce
the concept of the technical frontier to delimit the kinds of
interactions that can feasibly be structured algorithmically among
pseudonymous agents, as on a blockchain, and show that lending and
financial intermediation – unlike monetary exchange – lie outside it,
even in simple forms. The path forward for truly blockchain-native
financial applications, therefore, must involve the integration of
real-world identity information in order to disincentivize defection. We
discuss several potential technologies for doing so, and conclude that
such integration is possible without compromising pseudonymity, provided
real-world identity is available in the breach.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020-10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: North-Holland</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2020.09.006">10.1016/j.qref.2020.09.006</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>10629769</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:18:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>Cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Blockchain</li>
<li>DeFi</li>
<li>processed</li>
<li>Financial intermediation</li>
<li>Game theory</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_J4A8VLM2" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>When Cryptomining Comes to Town: High Electricity-Use Spillovers to the Local Economy</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Matteo Benetton</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Giovanni Compiani</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Adair Morse</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Cryptomining, the clearing of cryptocurrency transactions,
uses large quantities of electricity. We document that cryptominers' use
of local electricity implies higher prices for existing small
businesses and households. Studying the electricity market in Upstate NY
and using the Bitcoin price as an exogenous shifter of the supply curve
faced by the community, we estimate the electricity demand functions
for small businesses and households, and find price elasticities of
-0.17 and -0.07 respectively. Based on our estimates, we calculate
counterfactual electricity bills, finding that small businesses and
households paid $79 million and $165 million extra annually in Upstate
NY because of increased electricity consumption from cryptominers. Using
data on China, where prices are fixed, we find that rationing of
electricity in cities with cryptomining entrants deteriorates wages and
investments, consistent with crowding-out effects on the local economy.
Local governments in both Upstate NY and China, however, realize more
business taxes, but only offsetting a small portion of the costs from
higher community electricity bills. Our results point to a yet-unstudied
negative spillover from technology processing to local communities,
which would need to be considered against welfare benefits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SSRN Electronic Journal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3779720">10.2139/ssrn.3779720</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:24:32</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>ENERGY</li>
<li>ENERGY_ELECTRICITY</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NVCDBNKV" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>When is money not a currency? Developments from Finland of Proto-Community Currencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Marcus Petz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The article is a case study of several digitally based schemes
recently operating in Finland where some functions and properties of
money are evident. While working effectively as designed, they do not
fully meet the criteria of a well-functioning community currency. The
schemes include: sysmä, a digitally based hyperlocal system of account
introduced by the rural Sysmä municipality; Pisteet kotiin®, a housing
association points system in the city of Tampere, copied from a working
Dutch model; BookMooch, a global book-swapping site that has extended
its operations throughout Fin-land. Explored in the article are the
institutional enabling and inhibitory factors and implications for and
from other community currency projects. Data was collected by
participant observation and semi-structured interviews in all schemes.
Additional media surveying, internet webscrapes and online surveying
supplemented this data. Along with the demarcation problem between
currency and money, the technical issues about scale and purpose, if
such schemes are to develop their offerings to become fully fledged
currencies, are considered. The concept of "current-see" proposed by the
MetaCurrency Project, is used as a lens to evaluate if the schemes
achieve their purpose and whether further development is desirable or
possible. The concept of a proto-community currency is developed.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15133/j.ijccr.2020.0010">http://dx.doi.org/10.15133/j.ijccr.2020.0010</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: University of Leicester</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>24</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>30–53</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Community Currency Research</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:28:36</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>ALTERNATIVE_MONEY</li>
<li>CC terminology</li>
<li>community of use</li>
<li>Green economics</li>
<li>integral theory</li>
<li>pattern language</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_WUTNJ5K8" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>When Ostrom Meets Blockchain: Exploring the Potentials of Blockchain for Commons Governance</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Rozas</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Antonio Tenorio-Fornés</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Silvia Díaz-Molina</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Samer Hassan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Blockchain technologies have generated enthusiasm, yet their
potential to enable new forms of governance remains largely unexplored.
Two confronting standpoints dominate the emergent debate around
blockchain-based governance: discourses characterized by the presence of
techno-determinist and market-driven values, which tend to ignore the
complexity of social organization; and critical accounts of such
discourses which, while contributing to identifying limitations,
consider the role of traditional centralized institutions as inherently
necessary to enable democratic forms of governance. In this article, we
draw on Ostrom's principles for self-governance of communities to
explore the transformative potential of blockchain beyond such
standpoints. We approach blockchain through the identification and
conceptualization of six affordances that this technology may provide to
communities: tokenization, self-enforcement and formalization of rules,
autonomous automatization, decentralization of power over the
infrastructure, increasing transparency, and codification of trust. For
each affordance, we carry out a detailed analysis situating each in the
context of Ostrom's principles, considering both the potentials of
algorithmic governance and the importance of incorporating communities'
social practices into blockchain-based tools to foster forms of
self-governance. The relationships found between these affordances and
Ostrom's principles allow us to provide a perspective focused on
blockchain-based commons governance.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>SAGE Open</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211002526">10.1177/21582440211002526</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>21582440</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:48</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>POLITICS_GOVERNANCE</li>
<li>decentralization</li>
<li>algorithmic governance</li>
<li>commons governance</li>
<li>commons-based peer production</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_K29H23E9" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>When tales of money fail: the importance of price, trust, and sociality for cryptocurrency users</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Inês Faria</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>This paper is based on research among blockchain communities
in the Netherlands and online terrains. Through an empirical example, it
explores tales produced by projects based on the blockchain protocol
and on the premise that cryptocurrencies are money and that money has
generative potential for social and economic change. By unpacking the
pragmatics of a particular project–Bitnation and Pangea – I argue that
despite tales of decentralisation through the moneyness of
cryptocurrencies, and the distributed and automated character of the
blockchain protocol, these currencies, and projects, are deeply
entangled with fiat and mainstream economies and markets. This is
visible by looking at the ups and downs of cryptocurrency pricing and on
the effects this volatility has on (certain) projects. The lack of a
sustainable community of trust in cryptocurrencies as money –
particularly visible in initiatives following more libertarian and
utopian tales, detached from everyday life realities – and the way these
retain attention mainly due to speculation, have very real effects for
blockchain based projects. No matter how radical their tales for
decentralisation and socioeconomic revolution are, utterances for these
tales to become real have to be there, and seem absent.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1974070">https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1974070</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>1–12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Cultural Economy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2021.1974070">10.1080/17530350.2021.1974070</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>17530369</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:20:08</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>Cryptocurrencies</li>
<li>TRUST</li>
<li>digital economies</li>
<li>fiat</li>
<li>monetary multiplicity</li>
<li>speculation</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_F78AQDA4" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Who spends $24 million on an NFT? Meet Deepak Thapliyal, the CEO from nowhere. (updated)</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Dirty Bubble Media</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The money traces back to a resurrected blockchain company, a sketchy token, and an obscure crypto exchange</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2022-02-14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Short Title</th>
<td>Who spends $24 million on an NFT?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://dirtybubblemedia.substack.com/p/who-spends-24-million-on-an-nft-meet">https://dirtybubblemedia.substack.com/p/who-spends-24-million-on-an-nft-meet</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 11:12:51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Dirty Bubble Media</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Type</th>
<td>Substack newsletter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 11:12:51</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 11:12:51</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_9AGMLDET">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9CDPURLT" class="item webpage">
<h2>Why a Little-Known Blockchain-Based Identity Project in Ethiopia Should Concern Us All</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Elizabeth M. Renieris</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>There is already evidence of identity information being used
to target populations in the Tigray conflict. Imagine the implications
of a national ID scheme built on an immutable ledger, driven by
commercial incentives and operated from offshore.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.cigionline.org/articles/why-a-little-known-blockchain-based-identity-project-in-ethiopia-should-concern-us-all/">https://www.cigionline.org/articles/why-a-little-known-blockchain-based-identity-project-in-ethiopia-should-concern-us-all/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:25:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Centre for International Governance Innovation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:25:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>22/02/2022, 21:28:28</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>Africa</li>
<li>Ethiopia</li>
<li>identity</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_M4I45Q3A">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_3KGZ4WUE" class="item videoRecording">
<h2>Why Bitcoin is Not Cash - Computerphile</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Video Recording</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="director">Director</th>
<td>Computerphile</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Bitcoin shouldn't be regulated because it works like cash.
Professor Ross Anderson of University of Cambridge on why Bitcoin isn't
cash. Tracing Stolen Bitco...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-04-10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Library Catalog</th>
<td>www.youtube.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9HH_dFcoLc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9HH_dFcoLc</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:19:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>walks through why bitcoin is not cash and the complex legal questions it would need to deal with if it wanted to be.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:19:42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:20:59</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_PMI4VUSC">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_Y5EXXE2L" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Why China Had to Ban Cryptocurrency but the U.S. Did Not: A
Comparative Analysis of Regulations on Crypto-Markets between the U.S.
and China</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Rain Xie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The cryptocurrency market grew from a $1.5 billion market
capitalization in early 2013 to over $795 billion in January
2018.'Bitcoin, an exemplar cryptocurrency, gained value from $0.08
before 2010 to over $17,000 per bitcoin in December 2017.2 While
cryptocurrencies \ldots</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1684&amp;context=law_globalstudies">https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1684&amp;context=law_globalstudies</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>ISBN: 9781137382559
Publisher: HeinOnline</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>457– 489</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1684&amp;context=law_globalstudies">https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1684&amp;context=law_globalstudies</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>1546-6981</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:22:23</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>REGULATION</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XGISBKQD" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Why Cryptocurrencies Want Privacy: A Review of Political Motivations and Branding Expressed in “Privacy Coin” Whitepapers</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>John Harvey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Ines Branco-Illodo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>New currencies designed for user anonymity and privacy–widely
referred to as “privacy coins”–have forced governments to listen and
legislate, but the political motivations of these currencies are not
well understood. Following the growing interest of political brands in
different contexts, we provide the first systematic review of political
motivations expressed in cryptocurrency whitepapers whose explicit goal
is “privacy.” Many privacy coins deliberately position themselves as
alternative political brands. Although cryptocurrencies are often
closely associated with political philosophies that aim to diminish or
subvert the power of governments and banks, advocates of privacy occupy
much broader ideological ground. We present thematic trends within the
privacy coin literature and identify epistemic and ethical tensions
present within the communities of people calling for the adoption of
entirely private currencies.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Taylor &amp; Francis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>107–136</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Journal of Political Marketing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2019.1652223">10.1080/15377857.2019.1652223</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1-2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>15377865</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:26:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>blockchain</li>
<li>cryptocurrency</li>
<li>Bitcoin</li>
<li>MY_GS</li>
<li>privacy</li>
<li>money</li>
<li>IDEOLOGY</li>
<li>political brands</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_XU5C2TVD" class="item webpage">
<h2>Why decentralization matters</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chris Dixon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Chris Dixon's blog.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://cdixon.org/2018/02/18/why-decentralization-matters">https://cdixon.org/2018/02/18/why-decentralization-matters</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 16:35:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 16:35:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 16:36:10</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_PZ3KS9LP">
<div><p>Read/Eilidh</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_65N9WTSE">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_9QXDE5FM" class="item blogPost">
<h2>Why I Want Bitcoin to Die in a Fire</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Blog Post</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Charlie Stross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013-12-18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2013/12/why-i-want-bitcoin-to-die-in-a.html">https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2013/12/why-i-want-bitcoin-to-die-in-a.html</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:20:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Blog Title</th>
<td>Charlie's Diary</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:20:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:52:40</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_I8B52DSX">Why I want Bitcoin to die in a fire - Charlie's Diary </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_BV5I7ABX" class="item webpage">
<h2>Why It's Too Early to Get Excited About Web3</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Tim O’Reilly</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-12-13</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en-US</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.oreilly.com/radar/why-its-too-early-to-get-excited-about-web3/">https://www.oreilly.com/radar/why-its-too-early-to-get-excited-about-web3/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:27:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>O’Reilly Media</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 11:27:10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>25/02/2022, 12:15:54</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_ENMKL83D">
<div><p>Tim O'Reilly is an internet pioneer/Silicon Valley legend</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_DM2TMJWK">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_AG6KU6VF" class="item webpage">
<h2>Why the Web 3.0 Matters and you should know about it</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Essentia 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>There’s plenty of buzz around the web 3.0 and the sweeping
changes it will bring to the industry, but few people actually know why
it…</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-06-03T09:21:01.713Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://medium.com/@essentia1/why-the-web-3-0-matters-and-you-should-know-about-it-a5851d63c949">https://medium.com/@essentia1/why-the-web-3-0-matters-and-you-should-know-about-it-a5851d63c949</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 10:49:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 10:49:27</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 10:49:27</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_9N756EP9">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_QIPIUBQJ" class="item webpage">
<h2>Why We Need Web 3.0</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Gavin Wood</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood on why today’s internet is broken — and how we can do better next time around</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018-09-12T16:03:45.469Z</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://gavofyork.medium.com/why-we-need-web-3-0-5da4f2bf95ab">https://gavofyork.medium.com/why-we-need-web-3-0-5da4f2bf95ab</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 08:39:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 08:39:48</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>01/03/2022, 08:39:56</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_NE8NKXS8">
<div><p>Read/Eilidh</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_8TIWRBMT">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_V6GXHNH3" class="item webpage">
<h2>Why Web3 Matters</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Web Page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Chris Dixon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>We are now at the beginning of the web3 era, which combines
the decentralized, community-governed ethos of web1 with the advanced,
modern functionality of web2.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-10-07T13:00:46+00:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Language</th>
<td>en</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://future.a16z.com/why-web3-matters/">https://future.a16z.com/why-web3-matters/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 16:35:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Website Title</th>
<td>Future</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 16:35:16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>28/02/2022, 16:36:21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="notes">Notes:</h3>
<ul class="notes">
<li id="item_PHLDC3WL">
<div><p>Read/Eilidh</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_GTBHWMAV">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_I5RL525Y" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>Why young investors bet the farm on cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Claer Barrett</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The racy, high-risk asset class has filled a void of investment advice for the average young person</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-05-28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/162839aa-0437-478b-a4d4-4a8d7ab71458">https://www.ft.com/content/162839aa-0437-478b-a4d4-4a8d7ab71458</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 13:31:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 13:31:31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>18/02/2022, 13:31:31</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_EJJ7VSD2">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_NBXXE6PI" class="item newspaperArticle">
<h2>Why young investors bet the farm on cryptocurrencies</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Newspaper Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Claer Barrett</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>The racy, high-risk asset class has filled a void of investment advice for the average young person</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2021-05-28</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>URL</th>
<td><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/162839aa-0437-478b-a4d4-4a8d7ab71458">https://www.ft.com/content/162839aa-0437-478b-a4d4-4a8d7ab71458</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Accessed</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 10:51:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Financial Times</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 10:51:12</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 10:51:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="attachments">Attachments</h3>
<ul class="attachments">
<li id="item_YLCZFKVZ">Snapshot </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_ANR5VGI4" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>WikiLeaks, Anarchism and Technologies of Dissent</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Giorel Curran</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Morgan Gibson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>WikiLeaks is a controversial organisation that attracts
polarised responses. This is not unexpected given its key objective of
exposing the secrets and social control ambitions of the powerful. While
its supporters laud its pursuit of an informational commons, its
detractors condemn its antisocial character, its megalomania-and its
anarchism. It is the latter that particularly interests us here. This
paper treats the "charge" of anarchism seriously, however, giving it the
analytical attention it warrants. It does this by first identifying
those characteristics of the organisation that would render it
anarchist, and then to conceptualise what this anarchism means. It
highlights two important elements of the WikiLeaks story: the anarchical
character of the technologies it utilises to foment its dissent; and
the anarchical ethos of the organisation's radical politics. We conclude
by also considering the tensions and contradictions in WikiLeaks that
temper both its anarchism and its social change objectives. © 2012 The
Author. Antipode. © 2012 Antipode Foundation Ltd.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: Wiley Online Library</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>294–314</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>Antipode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>DOI</th>
<td><a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01009.x">10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01009.x</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>00664812</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>Technology</li>
<li>WikiLeaks</li>
<li>Anarchism</li>
<li>Cyberspace</li>
<li>Dissent</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_4ZAF8M5P" class="item document">
<h2>Williams v. BLOCK. ONE</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Document</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Issue: No. 20-cv-2809 (LAK)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publisher</th>
<td>Dist. Court, SD New York</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li id="item_8SCV2CNI" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>You are not welcome among US: Pirates and the state</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Jessica L. Beyer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>Fenwick Mckelvey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Abstract</th>
<td>In a historical review focused on digital piracy, we explore
the relationship between hacker politics and the state. We distinguish
between two core aspects of piracy-the challenge to property rights and
the challenge to state power-and argue that digital piracy should be
considered more broadly as a challenge to the authority of the state. We
trace generations of peer-to-peer networking, showing that digital
piracy is a key component in the development of a political platform
that advocates for a set of ideals grounded in collaborative culture,
nonhierarchical organization, and a reliance on the network. We assert
that this politics expresses itself in a philosophy that was formed
together with the development of the state-evading forms of
communication that perpetuate unmanageable networks.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Volume</th>
<td>9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>890–908</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>International Journal of Communication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ISSN</th>
<td>19328036</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>02/03/2022, 08:29:01</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="tags">Tags:</h3>
<ul class="tags">
<li>PROCESSED</li>
<li>CYPHERPUNKS</li>
<li>Information politics</li>
<li>Intellectual property</li>
<li>Pirates</li>
<li>State networks</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="item_2BTCPSSS" class="item journalArticle">
<h2>Zealots of the blockchain: The true believers of the Bitcoin cult</h2>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Type</th>
<td>Journal Article</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="author">Author</th>
<td>David Golumbia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Extra</th>
<td>Publisher: JSTOR</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Pages</th>
<td>102–111</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Publication</th>
<td>The Baffler</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Issue</th>
<td>38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Date Added</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Modified</th>
<td>21/02/2022, 13:52:15</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
</ul>
</body></html>
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