# Present Value
In quantitative finance, the present value of a [financial asset](financial-asset.md) is the expected [income](income-cashflows.md) stream determined as of the date of valuation. 

See also [terminal value](terminal-value.md) and [valuation model](valuation-model.md).

## References
1. Grinold, Richard C., and Ronald N. Kahn. Active portfolio management: Quantitative theory and applications. Probus, 1995.
1. Wilmott, Paul. Paul Wilmott introduces quantitative finance. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.