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Citations for authoritarianism section

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@ -105,3 +105,30 @@ We will conclude that **Bitcoin and crypto generally is not an liberatory force
* *“Despite claims of “decentralization”, the cryptocurrency industry is controlled by a powerful cartel of wealthy figures who, with time, have evolved to incorporate many of the same institutions tied to the existing centralized financial system they supposedly set out to replace.”*
* *“The cryptocurrency industry leverages a network of shady business connections, bought influencers and pay-for-play media outlets to perpetuate a cult-like “get rich quick” funnel designed to extract new money from the financially desperate and naive.”*
* **Bitcoin and crypto generally is not an liberatory force in the world, nor a means to counter authoritarianism in any substantial manner. In fact, it is likely to largely amplify the worst parts of society’s existing corrupt power structures.**
## References
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1. Alvarez, Fernando, David Argente, and Diana Van Patten. 2022. ‘Are Cryptocurrencies Currencies? Bitcoin as Legal Tender in El Salvador’.
1. Analytica, Oxford. 2021. ‘El Salvador Bitcoin Experiment Comes with Risks’. Expert Briefings.
1. Binder, Carola. 2021. ‘Technopopulism and Central Banks’. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3823456.
1. Braun, Benjamin, and Daniela Gabor. 2019. ‘Central Banking, Shadow Banking, and Infrastructural Power’. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/nf9ms.
1. Buttigieg, Christopher P., Christos Efthymiopoulos, Abigail Attard, and Samantha Cuyle. 2019. ‘Anti-Money Laundering Regulation of Crypto Assets in Europe’s Smallest Member State’. Law and Financial Markets Review 13 (4): 211–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2019.1663996.
1. Crandall, Jillian. 2019. ‘Cryptoeconomic Geographies and Contestation in Puerto Rico’. Thesis. PhD Thesis. http://jilliancrandall.net/cryptoeconomic-geographies-and-contestation-in-pr/.
1. Doody, Sean. 2020. ‘Reactionary Technopolitics: A Critical Sociohistorical Review’. Fast Capitalism 17 (1): 143–64. https://doi.org/10.32855/fcapital.202001.009.
1. Ferreira, Agata. 2021. ‘The Curious Case of Stablecoins—Balancing Risks and Rewards?’ Journal of International Economic Law 24 (4): 755–78. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab036.
1. Fletcher, Emily, Charles Larkin, and Shaen Corbet. 2021. ‘Countering Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing: A Case for Bitcoin Regulation’. Research in International Business and Finance 56 (January): 101387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101387.
1. Greenberg, Andy. 2012. This Machine Kills Secrets: Julian Assange, the Cypherpunks, and Their Fight to Empower Whistleblowers. Penguin Randon House. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/309904/this-machine-kills-secrets-by-andy-greenberg/.
1. Gürses, Seda, Arun Kundnani, and Joris Van Hoboken. 2016. ‘Crypto and Empire: The Contradictions of Counter-Surveillance Advocacy’. Media, Culture and Society 38 (4): 576–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443716643006.
1. Hanke, Steve, Nicholas Hanlon, Mihir Chakravarthi, and others. 2021. ‘Bukele’s Bitcoin Blunder’. The Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the ….
1. Howson, Peter. 2020. ‘Climate Crises and Crypto-Colonialism: Conjuring Value on the Blockchain Frontiers of the Global South’. Frontiers in Blockchain 3 (May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2020.00022.
1. Howson, Peter, and Alex de Vries. 2022. ‘Preying on the Poor? Opportunities and Challenges for Tackling the Social and Environmental Threats of Cryptocurrencies for Vulnerable and Low-Income Communities’. Energy Research and Social Science 84 (xxxx): 102394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102394.
1. Jutel, Olivier. 2022. ‘Blockchain Humanitarianism and Crypto-Colonialism’. Cell Press Open Access, Patterns, 3 (1): 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100422.
1. Murray, Christine. n.d. ‘IMF Urges El Salvador to Ditch Bitcoin as Legal Tender | Financial Times’. Accessed 3 March 2022. https://www.ft.com/content/fbf9aef0-453f-4e61-bd83-ff2b2bc92221.
1. Orcutt, Mike. 2020. ‘This Is How North Korea Uses Cutting-Edge Crypto Money Laundering to Steal Millions’. MIT Technology Review. MIT Technology Review. http://www.technologyreview.com/2020/03/05/916688/north-korean-hackers-cryptocurrency-money-laundering/.
1. Ottenhof, Luke. 2021. ‘Crypto-Colonialists Use the Most Vulnerable People in the World as Guinea Pigs’. VICE Media.
1. Pilkington, Marc. 2017. ‘Can Global Elites Pave the Way for a New Transnational Unit of Account? A Reflection on the Numerical Nature of Money’. World Review of Political Economy 8 (4). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2339678.
1. Popper, Nathaniel. 2019. ‘Terrorists Turn to Bitcoin for Funding, and They’re Learning Fast’. The New York Times, 92–94.
1. Renieris, Elizabeth M. n.d. ‘Why a Little-Known Blockchain-Based Identity Project in Ethiopia Should Concern Us All’. Centre for International Governance Innovation. Accessed 22 February 2022. https://www.cigionline.org/articles/why-a-little-known-blockchain-based-identity-project-in-ethiopia-should-concern-us-all/.
1. Steele, Graham. 2021. ‘The Miner of Last Resort: Digital Currency, Shadow Money and the Role of the Central Bank’. Technology and Government, Emerald Studies in Media and Communications, Forthcoming.