FIrst pass on citations

claims/authoritarianism.md

@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ This is best evidenced by the Canadian convoys in 2022 which attempted to take i
 The complete ban of [crypto asset](../concepts/cryptoasset.md) by the People's Republic of China also does not lend credibility to the thesis that [crypto asset](../concepts/cryptoasset.md) are outside the remit of authoritarian controls and their restriction on capital movement and controls over domestic [money services business](../concepts/money-services-business.md).
 
 ## References
-* Bogost, Ian. 2017. ‘Cryptocurrency Might Be a Path to Authoritarianism’. The Atlantic 30.
+1. Bogost, Ian. 2017. ‘Cryptocurrency Might Be a Path to Authoritarianism’. The Atlantic 30.
-* Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. 2021. ‘Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility’. ArXiv:2106.14204 [Physics, q-Fin], July. http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14204.
+1. Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. 2021. ‘Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility’. ArXiv:2106.14204 [Physics, q-Fin], July. http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14204.
-* Krugman, Paul. 2022. ‘The Strange Alliance of Crypto and MAGA Believers’. The New York Times, 11 January 2022, sec. Opinion. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/opinion/crypto-cryptocurrency-money-conspiracy.html.
+1. White, Molly. 2022. ‘Cryptocurrency Off-Ramps, and the Shift towards Centralization’. Molly White. 12 February 2022. https://blog.mollywhite.net/off-ramps/.
-* Xie, Rain. 2019. ‘Why China Had to Ban Cryptocurrency but the U.S. Did Not: A Comparative Analysis of Regulations on Crypto-Markets between the U.S. and China’. Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 18 (2): 457–89. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1684&context=law_globalstudies.
+1. Krugman, Paul. 2022. ‘The Strange Alliance of Crypto and MAGA Believers’. The New York Times, 11 January 2022, sec. Opinion. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/opinion/crypto-cryptocurrency-money-conspiracy.html.
-* Wang, Gangjin, Yanping Tang, Chi Xie, and Shou Chen. 2019. ‘Is Bitcoin a Safe Haven or a Hedging Asset? Evidence from China’. Journal of Management Science and Engineering 4 (3): 173–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmse.2019.09.001.
+1. Xie, Rain. 2019. ‘Why China Had to Ban Cryptocurrency but the U.S. Did Not: A Comparative Analysis of Regulations on Crypto-Markets between the U.S. and China’. Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 18 (2): 457–89. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1684&context=law_globalstudies.
-* Ottenhof, Luke. 2021. ‘Crypto-Colonialists Use the Most Vulnerable People in the World as Guinea Pigs’. VICE Media.
+1. Wang, Gangjin, Yanping Tang, Chi Xie, and Shou Chen. 2019. ‘Is Bitcoin a Safe Haven or a Hedging Asset? Evidence from China’. Journal of Management Science and Engineering 4 (3): 173–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmse.2019.09.001.
+1. Ottenhof, Luke. 2021. ‘Crypto-Colonialists Use the Most Vulnerable People in the World as Guinea Pigs’. VICE Media.

claims/is-disrupt-hegemony.md

@@ -5,3 +5,6 @@ Web3 is not a means to disrupt the American tech hegemony, companies like Google
 This is further evidenced by the simple fact that [blockchain](../concepts/blockchain.md) technologies have intractable  scalability problems, and that the only means they do scale is by [recentralization](../concepts/recentralization.md) thereby recreating just another corporate monolith but based on inferior technology and without the ability to perform [regulatory arbitrage](../concepts/regulatory-arbitrage.md)..
 
 There is no future in web3 that poses any threat to tech monopoly because there simply is no meaningful tech to challenge any real business model. 
+
+## References
+1. Marx, Paris. n.d. ‘Why Web3, the Blockchain and Crypto Internet, Is Doomed to Fail’. Accessed 29 March 2022. https://www.businessinsider.com/web3-blockchain-crypto-internet-doomed-fail-doesnt-live-up-hype-2022-3?r=US&IR=T.

claims/is-predatory.md

@@ -29,13 +29,3 @@ Crypto assets are thus a form of predatory finance with negative [expected-retur
 1. ———. 2021a. ‘Technobabble, Libertarian Derp and Bitcoin’. The New York Times 21.
 1. ———. 2021b. ‘The Brutal Truth About Bitcoin’. The New York Times 21.
 1. Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. 2021. ‘Bitcoin, Currencies, and Fragility’. ArXiv:2106.14204 [Physics, q-Fin], July. http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.14204.
-
-
-## References
-* [@bindseil_encrypted_2022]
-* [@momtaz_entrepreneurial_2020]
-* [@kapsis_should_2021]
-* [@iansiti_truth_2017]
-* [@krugman_bitcoin_2018]
-* [@krugman_bitcoin_2013]
-* [@glongloff_bitcoin_nodate]

claims/narrative-economics.md

@@ -72,13 +72,3 @@ Dogecoin is an example of a crypto asset with no political imaginaries, no [curr
 * ———. 2020. ‘Survival of the Cryptic: Tracing Technological Imaginaries across Ideologies, Infrastructures, and Community Practices’. New Media and Society, 1461444820983017. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820983017.
 
 TODO: group by narrative
-
-## References
-* [@golumbia_bitcoin_2015]
-* [@reijers_blockchain_2018]
-* [@beltramini_cryptoanarchist_2021]
-* [@shiller_narrative_2017]
-* [@may_crypto_1992]
-* [@curran_wikileaks_2013]
-* [@krugman_technobabble_2021]
-* [@krugman_strange_2022]

claims/new-internet.md

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ The notion that crypto is building new internet is pernicious form of myth-makin
 1. Blank, Steve. "A Secret History of Silicon Valley." Computer History Museum (2008).
 1. O’Reilly, Tim. 2021. ‘Why It’s Too Early to Get Excited About Web3’. O’Reilly Media. 13 December 2021. https://www.oreilly.com/radar/why-its-too-early-to-get-excited-about-web3/.
 1. Morozov, Evgeny. 2022. ‘Web3: A Map in Search of Territory’. The Crypto Syllabus. 13 January 2022. https://the-crypto-syllabus.com/web3-a-map-in-search-of-territory/.
+1. Marx, Paris. n.d. ‘Why Web3, the Blockchain and Crypto Internet, Is Doomed to Fail’. Accessed 29 March 2022. https://www.businessinsider.com/web3-blockchain-crypto-internet-doomed-fail-doesnt-live-up-hype-2022-3?r=US&IR=T.
 1. Patterson, Dan. 2022. ‘Internet Guru Tim O’Reilly on Web3: “Get Ready for the Crash”’. CBS News. 10 February 2022. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/web3-cryptocurrency-nft-tim-oreilly/.
 1. Weaver, Nicholas. 2021. ‘The Web3 Fraud’. USENIX. 16 December 2021. https://www.usenix.org/publications/loginonline/web3-fraud.
 1. Tante. 2021. ‘The Third Web’. Nodes in a Social Network (blog). 17 December 2021. https://tante.cc/2021/12/17/the-third-web/.

claims/web3-decentralized.md

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Web3 is either a completely nonsensical buzzword, or a term about reinventing ex
 1. Walch, Angela. 2019. ‘Deconstructing ‘Decentralization’: Exploring the Core Claim of Crypto Systems’. C. Brummer (Ed.), Crypto Assets: Legal and Monetary Perspectives, 1–36. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3326244.
 1. Allen, Hilary J. 2022. ‘DeFi: Shadow Banking 2.0?’ William & Mary Law Review, Forthcoming.
 1. Soatok. 2021. ‘Against Web3 and Faux-Decentralization’. Dhole Moments. 19 October 2021. https://soatok.blog/2021/10/19/against-web3-and-faux-decentralization/.
+1. Marx, Paris. n.d. ‘Why Web3, the Blockchain and Crypto Internet, Is Doomed to Fail’. Accessed 29 March 2022. https://www.businessinsider.com/web3-blockchain-crypto-internet-doomed-fail-doesnt-live-up-hype-2022-3?r=US&IR=T.
 1. Zhang, Zhexi. 2019. ‘The Aesthetics of Decentralization’. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/123614.
 1. Tante. 2021. ‘The Third Web’. Nodes in a Social Network (blog). 17 December 2021. https://tante.cc/2021/12/17/the-third-web/.
 1. Weaver, Nicholas. 2021. ‘The Web3 Fraud’. USENIX. 16 December 2021. https://www.usenix.org/publications/loginonline/web3-fraud.

claims/web3-green.md

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # Is Web3 green?
 Web3 is allegedly based on crypto assets which have a known [environmental footprint](environmental-footprint.md) problem. Therefore web3 is not green.
 
+See also [ESG investing and crypto](bitcoin-esg.md), [environmental-footprint](environmental-footprint.md) and [mining](../concepts/mining.md).
+
 ## References
 * Wanat, Emanuel. 2021. ‘Are Crypto-Assets Green Enough? – An Analysis of Draft EU Regulation on Markets in Crypto Assets from the Perspective of the European Green Deal’. Osteuropa Recht 67 (2): 237–50. https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2021-2-237.
+1. Dindar, B., and Ö. Gül. ‘The Detection of Illicit Cryptocurrency Mining Farms with Innovative Approaches for the Prevention of Electricity Theft’. Energy & Environment, no. April (2021): 0958305X211045066. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305x211045066.
+1. Vries, Alex De. ‘Bitcoin’s Energy Consumption Is Underestimated : A Market Dynamics Approach’. Energy Research & Social Science 70, no. July (2020): 101721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101721.
+1. Vries, Alex de. ‘Bitcoin’s Growing Energy Problem’. Joule 2, no. 5 (2018): 801–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.016.
+1. Vries, Alex de, and Christian Stoll. ‘Bitcoin’s Growing e-Waste Problem’. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 175, no. September (2021): 105901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105901.

concepts/gold-standard.md

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Very few mainstream economists believe the gold standard to be a good way to run
 
 1. Green, Russell A. "Gold Standard or Fool’s Gold? Should the US Consider Returning to the Gold Standard?." Issue Brief 02.23. 16 (2016).
 1. Allon, Fiona. 2018. ‘Money after Blockchain: Gold, Decentralised Politics and the New Libertarianism’. Australian Feminist Studies 33 (96): 223–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2018.1517245.
+1. Roche, Cullen O. 2011. ‘Understanding the Modern Monetary System’. http://ssrn.com/paper=1905625.
 1. Bernanke, Ben S. 2004. Essays on the Great Depression. Princeton University Press.
 1. Selmi, Refk, Jamal Bouoiyour, and Mark E. Wohar. 2022. ‘“Digital Gold” and Geopolitics’. Research in International Business and Finance 59: 101512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101512.
 1. Wang, Gangjin, Yanping Tang, Chi Xie, and Shou Chen. 2019. ‘Is Bitcoin a Safe Haven or a Hedging Asset? Evidence from China’. Journal of Management Science and Engineering 4 (3): 173–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmse.2019.09.001.

concepts/ico.md

@@ -3,7 +3,21 @@ Initial coin offerings are proxy [equity](security.md) fundraising structure tha
 
 Initial coin offerings are illegal in the United States.
 
+See also [security](security.md) and [regulatory arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md).
+
 ## References
+1. Andrés, Pablo de, David Arroyo, Ricardo Correia, and Alvaro Rezola. 2022. ‘Challenges of the Market for Initial Coin Offerings’. International Review of Financial Analysis 79: 101966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101966.
+1. Burilov, Vlad. 2019. ‘Regulation of Crypto Tokens and Initial Coin Offerings in the EU: De Lege Lata and de Lege Ferenda’. European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 6 (2): 146–86. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00602003.
+1. Cincinnati, Josh. 2017. ‘PonzICO: Let’s Just Cut to the Chase’.
+1. Cornish, Chloe, and Richard Waters. 2018. ‘Silicon Valley Investors Line up to Back Telegram ICO’. Financial Times, January. https://www.ft.com/content/790d9506-0175-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5.
+1. Cumming, Douglas J., Sofia Johan, and Anshum Pant. 2019. ‘Regulation of the Crypto-Economy: Managing Risks, Challenges, and Regulatory Uncertainty’. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12 (3): 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030126.
+1. Davis, Mark and DavisBruce. 2021. Crowdfunding and the Democratization of Finance. Policy Press. https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/crowdfunding-and-the-democratization-of-finance.
+1. Kelly, Jemima. 2019. ‘The ICO Whose Team Members Are Literally Cartoon Characters’. Financial Times. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/57805b32-0bbe-34cb-940c-66cdd1aec5e2.
+1. Kharif, Olga. 2018. ‘Half of ICOs Die Within Four Months After Token Sales Finalized’. Bloomberg.Com. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-09/half-of-icos-die-within-four-months-after-token-sales-finalized.
+1. Livni, Ephrat, and Andrew Ross Sorkin. 2021. ‘The Dramatic Crash of a Buzzy Cryptocurrency Raises Eyebrows’. The New York Times, 28 June 2021, sec. Business. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/business/dealbook/icp-cryptocurrency-crash.html.
+1. Low, Kelvin F K. 2021. ‘The Emperor’s New Art: Cryptomania, Art & Property’. Art & Property. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3978241.
+1. Maddox, Alexia, and Luke J Heemsbergen. 2021. ‘Digging in Crypto-Communities’ Future-Making: From Dark to Doge’. M/C Journal 24 (2 SE-). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2755.
+
 
 * [@kharif_half_2018]
 * [@zetzsche_ico_2017]

concepts/keynsian-economics.md

@@ -4,5 +4,7 @@ Keynesianism refers to a school of economic thought advanced by the British econ
 A defining feature of Keynsian thought is that in the presence of market shocks and business cycles, economies do not naturally stabilize themselves very quickly and thus require active intervention that boosts short-term demand in the economy. Keynsians argue that wages and employment are slower to respond to the needs of the market and require [central banks](../central-banks.md) and governmental intervention to smooth over economic turbulence and mitigate recessions. This school of thought largely influences the modern fiscal interventionist policies of central banks like the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank in their policies in the post [Bretton Woods](../bretton-woods.md) era.
 
 ## References
-* Blinder, Alan S. 2018. ‘Keynesian Economics’. Econlib. 5 February 2018. https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/KeynesianEconomics.html.
+1. Blinder, Alan S. 2018. ‘Keynesian Economics’. Econlib. 5 February 2018. https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/KeynesianEconomics.html.
-* Eich, Stefan. 2018. ‘The Currency of Politics’. The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes.
+1. Roche, Cullen O. 2011. ‘Understanding the Modern Monetary System’. http://ssrn.com/paper=1905625.
+1. Frisch, Helmut. 1983. Theories of Inflation. Cambridge University Press.
+1. Eich, Stefan. 2018. ‘The Currency of Politics’. The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes.

concepts/kyc.md

@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ Some crypto exchanges require KYC when onboarding customers to trade [cryptoasse
 KYC is used to assign an identity to a crypto [wallet](wallet.md) account and is used by law enforcement to track the provenance of crypto assets associated with [illicit-financing](illicit-financing.md).
 
 See also [money-laundering](money-laundering.md), [aml](aml.md), [illicit-financing](illicit-financing.md) and [regulatory-arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md).
+
+## References
+1. Petro, Louis W., James P. Martin, Adam A. Wadecki, and Harry Cendrowski. The handbook of fraud deterrence. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

concepts/market.md

@@ -2,3 +2,9 @@
 A market is defined as the sum total of all the buyers and sellers with regards to the buying and selling of assets. The purpose of a market is to do [price discovery](price-formation.md) to determine [market-value](market-value.md) of goods and services.
 
 The business of creating markets is known as [market making](market-maker.md). The business of [gambling](gambling.md) is not market making as no goods or services are exchanged.
+
+## References
+1. Janeway, William H. Doing capitalism in the innovation economy: Markets, speculation and the state. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
+1. Hart, Oliver, and Bengt Holmström. "The theory of contracts." In Advances in economic theory: Fifth world congress, vol. 1. 1987.
+1. Fama, Eugene F. "Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work." The journal of Finance 25, no. 2 (1970): 383-417.
+1. Fama, Eugene F., and Kenneth R. French. "Size, value, and momentum in international stock returns." Journal of financial economics 105, no. 3 (2012): 457-472.

concepts/marxism.md

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # Marxism
-A political ideology rooted in the ideas of Karl Marx which asserts the inherent intellectual contradictions at the heart of [capitalism](../capitalism.md) and [market](../market.md). Marx defines a heterodox reading of [value](../value.md) based on philosophy and history and attempts to derive a new system in which [price-formation](../price-formation.md) can occur without the existing superstructure of capitalism.
+A political ideology rooted in the ideas of Karl Marx which asserts the inherent intellectual contradictions at the heart of [capitalism](../capitalism.md) and [market](../market.md). Marx defines a heterodox reading of [value](../value.md) based on philosophy and history and attempts to derive a new system in which [price formation](../price-formation.md) can occur without the existing superstructure of capitalism.
 
 See also [[commodity fetishism]] and [sign value](../sign-value.md).
 
 ## References
-Beggs, Mike. n.d. ‘The Dumb Money’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://jacobinmag.com/2018/04/bitcoin-cryptocurrency-monetary-system.
+1. Beggs, Mike. n.d. ‘The Dumb Money’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://jacobinmag.com/2018/04/bitcoin-cryptocurrency-monetary-system.
-Eich, Stefan. 2018. ‘The Currency of Politics’. The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes.
+1. Eich, Stefan. 2018. ‘The Currency of Politics’. The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes.
-———. n.d. ‘Crypto Won’t Solve Our Problems — We Need to Democratize Money’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://jacobinmag.com/2022/02/cryptocurrency-democratize-monetary-policy-economics-banks-financial-system-bitcoin.
+1. ———. n.d. ‘Crypto Won’t Solve Our Problems — We Need to Democratize Money’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://jacobinmag.com/2022/02/cryptocurrency-democratize-monetary-policy-economics-banks-financial-system-bitcoin.
-Hart, Raven. n.d. ‘Cryptocurrency Is Bunk’. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/10/cryptocurrency-bitcoin-politics-treasury-central-bank-loans-monetary-policy.
+1. Hart, Raven. n.d. ‘Cryptocurrency Is Bunk’. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/10/cryptocurrency-bitcoin-politics-treasury-central-bank-loans-monetary-policy.
-Henwood, David. n.d. ‘What’s Behind Bitcoin Mania?’ Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/12/bitcoin-price-crypto-currency-explainer.
+1. Henwood, David. n.d. ‘What’s Behind Bitcoin Mania?’ Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/12/bitcoin-price-crypto-currency-explainer.
-Howson, Peter. n.d. ‘No, Crypto Isn’t Helping Ukraine’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2022/03/crypto-bitcoin-ukraine-russia-war-finance-funding.
+1. Howson, Peter. n.d. ‘No, Crypto Isn’t Helping Ukraine’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2022/03/crypto-bitcoin-ukraine-russia-war-finance-funding.
-Silverman, Jacob. n.d. ‘Crypto Is Making Everything Worse’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://jacobinmag.com/2022/03/cryptocurrency-bitcoin-speculative-asset-digitization-metaverse.
+1. Silverman, Jacob. n.d. ‘Crypto Is Making Everything Worse’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://jacobinmag.com/2022/03/cryptocurrency-bitcoin-speculative-asset-digitization-metaverse.
-Sohale Andrus Mortazvi. n.d. ‘Cryptocurrency Is a Giant Ponzi Scheme’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://jacobinmag.com/2022/01/cryptocurrency-scam-blockchain-bitcoin-economy-decentralization.
+1. Sohale Andrus Mortazvi. n.d. ‘Cryptocurrency Is a Giant Ponzi Scheme’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://jacobinmag.com/2022/01/cryptocurrency-scam-blockchain-bitcoin-economy-decentralization.

concepts/meme-stock.md

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 # Meme Stock
 The trading of a public [stock](stock.md) detached from its [fundamental value](fundamental-value.md) as pure [speculation](speculation.md). Timing a meme stock [bubble](bubble.md) is a [zero-sum game](zero-sum-game.md). 
 
-See also [financial nihilism](financial-nihilism.md).
+Examples of memestocks include:
 
-## Examples
 * Gamestop
 * AMC
 * Tesla
 * Blackburry
 * Bed Bath & Beyond
+
+See also [financial nihilism](financial-nihilism.md).
+
+## References
+1. Glongloff, Mark. n.d. ‘Bitcoin, GameStop Are More Cults Than Investments’. Bloomberg. Accessed 2 March 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-02/bitcoin-btc-gamestop-gme-are-more-cults-than-investments.
+1. Warzel, Charlie. 2021. ‘The Absurdity Is the Point’. Substack newsletter. Galaxy Brain (blog). 11 May 2021. https://warzel.substack.com/p/the-absurdity-is-the-point.

concepts/memecoin.md

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ A meme coin is a [cryptoasset](cryptoasset.md) which has no pretense of [fundame
 See [dogecoin](dogecoin.md) and [financial nihilism](financial-nihilism.md).
 
 ## References
+1. Mims, Christopher. n.d. ‘NFTs, Cryptocurrencies and Web3 Are Multilevel Marketing Schemes for a New Generation - WSJ’. Accessed 14 March 2022. https://www.wsj.com/articles/nfts-cryptocurrencies-and-web3-are-multilevel-marketing-schemes-for-a-new-generation-11645246824.
+1. Glongloff, Mark. n.d. ‘Bitcoin, GameStop Are More Cults Than Investments’. Bloomberg. Accessed 2 March 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-02/bitcoin-btc-gamestop-gme-are-more-cults-than-investments.
 1. Warzel, Charlie. 2021. ‘The Absurdity Is the Point’. Substack newsletter. Galaxy Brain (blog). 11 May 2021. https://warzel.substack.com/p/the-absurdity-is-the-point.
 1. Gerard, David. n.d. ‘Confused About Dogecoin? Here’s How It (Doesn’t) Work.’ Foreign Policy (blog). Accessed 3 March 2022. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/02/11/dogecoin-how-does-it-work-elon-musk-cryptocurrency/.
 1. Maddox, Alexia, and Luke J Heemsbergen. 2021. ‘Digging in Crypto-Communities’ Future-Making: From Dark to Doge’. M/C Journal 24 (2 SE-). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2755.

concepts/mlm.md

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Because of [regulatory capture](regulatory-capture.md) some MLM schemes are lega
 See also [Pyramid scheme](pyramid-scheme.md), [Ponzi scheme](ponzi-scheme.md), and [zero-sum game](zero-sum-game.md).
 
 ## References
+1. Mims, Christopher. n.d. ‘NFTs, Cryptocurrencies and Web3 Are Multilevel Marketing Schemes for a New Generation - WSJ’. Accessed 14 March 2022. https://www.wsj.com/articles/nfts-cryptocurrencies-and-web3-are-multilevel-marketing-schemes-for-a-new-generation-11645246824.
 1. Krugman, Paul. 2018. ‘Bitcoin Is Basically a Ponzi Scheme’. The Seattle Times 30. https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/bitcoin-is-basically-a-ponzi-scheme/.
 1. Stolfi, Jorge. n.d. ‘Bitcoin Is a Ponzi’. Accessed 19 March 2022. https://ic.unicamp.br/~stolfi/bitcoin/2020-12-31-bitcoin-ponzi.html.
 1. Sohale Andrus Mortazvi. n.d. ‘Cryptocurrency Is a Giant Ponzi Scheme’. Jacobin. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://jacobinmag.com/2022/01/cryptocurrency-scam-blockchain-bitcoin-economy-decentralization.
@@ -15,3 +16,4 @@ See also [Pyramid scheme](pyramid-scheme.md), [Ponzi scheme](ponzi-scheme.md), a
 1. Bartoletti, Massimo, Salvatore Carta, Tiziana Cimoli, and Roberto Saia. 2020. ‘Dissecting Ponzi Schemes on Ethereum: Identification, Analysis, and Impact’. Future Generation Computer Systems 102: 259–77.
 1. Corradi, Fiammetta, and Philipp Höfner. 2018. ‘The Disenchantment of Bitcoin: Unveiling the Myth of a Digital Currency’. International Review of Sociology 28 (1): 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2018.1430067.
 1. Moore, Tyler, Jie Han, and Richard Clayton. 2012. ‘The Postmodern Ponzi Scheme: Empirical Analysis of High-Yield Investment Programs’. In Financial Cryptography and Data Security, edited by Angelos D. Keromytis, 7397:41–56. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32946-3_4.
+1. Olson, Dan. 2022a. Line Goes Up – The Problem With NFTs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ_xWvX1n9g.

concepts/money.md

@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ The qualifies of a currency representing money are defined by coherent to three
 
 ## References
 * Eich, Stefan. 2018. ‘The Currency of Politics’. The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes.
+* Varoufakis, Yanis. 2021. ‘What Is Money, Really? And Why Bitcoin Is Not the Answer (Even If Blockchain Is Brilliant & Potentially Helpful in Democratising Money)’. Yanis Varoufakis (blog). 2 August 2021. https://www.yanisvaroufakis.eu/2021/08/02/what-is-money/.
 * Petz, Marcus. 2020. ‘When Is Money Not a Currency? Developments from Finland of Proto-Community Currencies’. International Journal of Community Currency Research 24 (2): 30–53.
 * *‘Private Money vs Totally-Public Money, plus Some History | Financial Times’. n.d. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://www.ft.com/content/40592d6d-5a32-3606-a54f-cdc411e90c20.
 * Larue, Louis. 2020. ‘“A Conceptual Framework for Classifying Currencies”.’ International Journal of Community Currency Research 24 (1): 45–60.
 * Schroeder, Rolf F. H. 2020. ‘Beyond the Veil of Money: Boundaries as Constitutive Elements of Complementary Currencies’. The Japanese Political Economy 46 (1): 17–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194x.2020.1762499.
-* Varoufakis, Yanis. 2021. ‘What Is Money, Really? And Why Bitcoin Is Not the Answer (Even If Blockchain Is Brilliant & Potentially Helpful in Democratising Money)’. Yanis Varoufakis (blog). 2 August 2021. https://www.yanisvaroufakis.eu/2021/08/02/what-is-money/.
 * Steele, Graham. 2021. ‘The Miner of Last Resort: Digital Currency, Shadow Money and the Role of the Central Bank’. Technology and Government, Emerald Studies in Media and Communications, Forthcoming.
 * Bazzani, Giacomo. 2020. ‘Money as a Tool for Collective Action’. Partecipazione e Conflitto 13 (1): 438–61. https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v13i1p438.

concepts/moral-hazard.md

@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ Often cited as a factor leading to the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis.
 See [credit default swaps](cds.md).
 
 ## References
-* Momtaz, Paul P. 2020. ‘Entrepreneurial Finance and Moral Hazard: Evidence from Token Offerings’. Journal of Business Venturing, 106001.
+1. Momtaz, Paul P. 2020. ‘Entrepreneurial Finance and Moral Hazard: Evidence from Token Offerings’. Journal of Business Venturing, 106001.
+1. Ball, Laurence M. The Fed and Lehman Brothers: setting the record straight on a financial disaster. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

concepts/reserve-currency.md

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Reserve Currency
  A reserve currency is a [currency](currency.md) that is held in by [central-banks](central-banks.md) as part of their foreign exchange reserves. The reserve currency is used for international transaction between nation states.
 
-## Historical World Reserve Currencies
+Historical world reserve currencies include:
+
 1. Spanish Silver Dollar
 2. Dutch Guilder
 3. British Pound

concepts/risk.md

@@ -5,5 +5,4 @@
 4. [Systemic risk](systemic-risk.md)
 
 ## References
-1. Grinold, Richard C., and Ronald N. Kahn. Active portfolio management: Quantitative theory and applications. Probus, 1995.
+1. Petro, Louis W., James P. Martin, Adam A. Wadecki, and Harry Cendrowski. The handbook of fraud deterrence. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
-1. Wilmott, Paul. Paul Wilmott introduces quantitative finance. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

concepts/techno-collectivism.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Technocollectivism
 A loose set of political or organisational ideologies that [blockchain](../blockchain.md), [crypto assets](../cryptoasset.md) and [DAOs](../dao.md) can be used to enable new forms of organisations in which capital formation can occur outside of existing power structures. These include a variety of experiments in social choice theory, futarchy and digital cooperatives.
 
-See also [technosolutionism](technosolutionism.md).
+See also [technosolutionism](technosolutionism.md) and [techno-obscurantism](techno-obscurantism.md).
 
 ## References
 * Arjaliès, Diane-Laure. 2020. ‘“At the Very Beginning, There’S This Dream.” the Role of Utopia in the Workings of Local and Cryptocurrencies’. In Handbook of Alternative Finance. February. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333755384_AT_THE_VERY_BEGINNING_THERE'S_THIS_DREAM_THE_ROLE_OF_UTOPIA_IN_THE_WORKINGS_OF_LOCAL_AND_CRYPTOCURRENCIES.

concepts/techno-obscurantism.md

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 # Techno-obscurantism
-The use of deliberately obtuse or confusing technical jargon as a means to promote investment scams. Often used in projects that promote [ICO](ico.md) tokens or proposed [technosolutionism](technosolutionism.md) projects
+The use of deliberately obtuse or confusing technical jargon as a means to promote investment scams. Often used in projects that promote [ICO](ico.md) tokens or proposed [technosolutionism](technosolutionism.md) projects.
 
-See [ICO](ico.md).
+See [ICO](ico.md), [DAO](dao.md), [technosolutionism](technosolutionism.md) and [techno-collectivism](techno-collectivism.md).
+
+## References
+1. Frankfurt, Harry G. On bullshit. Princeton University Press, 2009.
+1. Spicer, André. Business bullshit. Routledge, 2017.

concepts/thought-terminating-cliches.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ A acronym or saying that is used within a [high control group](high-control-grou
 * Anti-intellectualism
 * Tribalism
 
-See also [bandwagon bias](bandwagon-bias.md), [high-control-group](high-control-group.md), [madness of crowds](madness-crowds.md)and [Tinkerbell effect](tinkerbell-effect.md).
+See also [bandwagon bias](bandwagon-bias.md), [high-control-group](high-control-group.md), [madness of crowds](madness-crowds.md) and [Tinkerbell effect](tinkerbell-effect.md).
 
 ## References
 1. Bernstein, William J. 2021. The Delusions of Crowds: Why People Go Mad in Groups. Grove Press.

meta/citations-todo.md

@@ -29,3 +29,33 @@ First pass
 - [ ] [enclosure](../concepts/enclosure.md)
 - [x] [exit-scam](../concepts/exit-scam.md)
 - [x] [expected-return](../concepts/expected-return.md)
+
+Second pass
+
+- [ ] [free-rider-problem](../concepts/free-rider-problem.md)
+- [ ] [gambling](../concepts/gambling.md)
+- [ ] [ico](../concepts/ico.md)
+- [ ] [illicit-financing](../concepts/illicit-financing.md)
+- [ ] [kyc](../concepts/kyc.md)
+- [ ] [leverage](../concepts/leverage.md)
+- [x] [market](../concepts/market.md)
+- [ ] [market-maker](../concepts/market-maker.md)
+- [x] [meme-stock](../concepts/meme-stock.md)
+- [ ] [mutualization](../concepts/mutualization.md)
+- [ ] [narrative-economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md)
+- [ ] [network-effect](../concepts/network-effect.md)
+- [ ] [order-book](../concepts/order-book.md)
+- [ ] [paper-wealth](../concepts/paper-wealth.md)
+- [ ] [public-goods-problem](../concepts/public-goods-problem.md)
+- [ ] [real-estate](../concepts/real-estate.md)
+- [ ] [regulation](../concepts/regulation.md)
+- [ ] [regulatory-capture](../concepts/regulatory-capture.md)
+- [ ] [security](../concepts/security.md)
+- [ ] [sign-value](../concepts/sign-value.md)
+- [ ] [stock](../concepts/stock.md)
+- [x] [techno-obscurantism](../concepts/techno-obscurantism.md)
+- [ ] [terminal-value](../concepts/terminal-value.md)
+- [ ] [value](../concepts/value.md)
+- [ ] [wallet](../concepts/wallet.md)
+- [ ] [is-collapse](../claims/is-collapse.md)
+- [ ] [is-disrupt-hegemony](../claims/is-disrupt-hegemony.md)