Consistent naming for claims

claims/index.md

@@ -4,52 +4,52 @@ Explore crypto and "web3" in terms of the claims made about it. These subclaims
 #### Better Economy
 
 * [Is bitcoin a currency?](/claims/is-bitcoin-currency.md)
-* [Are crypto assets a risk to the dollar?](../claims/threaten-dollar.md)
-* [What type of asset is a crypto token?](/claims/what-type-of-asset.md)
-* [How do we value a crypto token?](/claims/valuation-model.md)
+* [Are crypto assets a risk to the dollar?](is-threat-dollar.md)
+* [What type of asset is a crypto token?](is-type-of-asset.md)
+* [How do we value a crypto token?](is-valuation-model.md)
 * [Are crypto assets a systemic risk to the economy?](../claims/is-systemic-risk.md)
-* [Is bitcoin the basis for a new gold standard?](../claims/digital-gold.md)
+* [Is bitcoin the basis for a new gold standard?](is-digital-gold.md)
 * [Are crypto assets a bubble?](../claims/is-bubble.md)
 * [Are crypto assets a form of gambling?](../claims/is-gambling.md)
-* [Are crypto tokens an inflation hedge?](../claims/hedge-inflation.md)
+* [Are crypto tokens an inflation hedge?](is-hedge-inflation.md)
 * [Is private money a desirable system?](../claims/is-private-money.md)
-* [Is bitcoin compataible with ESG investing?](../claims/bitcoin-esg.md)
+* [Is bitcoin compataible with ESG investing?](is-bitcoin-esg.md)
 
 #### Better Society / Financial Inclusion
 
-* [What consumer protections exist for crypto assets?](../claims/consumer-protections.md)
+* [What consumer protections exist for crypto assets?](is-consumer-protections.md)
 * [Are crypto assets a form of predatory inclusion?](../claims/is-predatory.md)
-* [Is crypto a solution for the unbanked?](/claims/crypto-unbanked.md)
+* [Is crypto a solution for the unbanked?](is-crypto-unbanked.md)
 * [Is crypto providing faster payment rails or better remittance services?](../claims/is-better-payments.md)
-* [Are NFTs are good for artists?](../claims/nfts-artists.md)
-* [What is the narrative economics of crypto assets?](../claims/narrative-economics.md)
+* [Are NFTs are good for artists?](is-nfts-artists.md)
+* [What is the narrative economics of crypto assets?](is-narrative-economics.md)
 * [Are crypto assets legal?](../claims/is-legal.md)
-* [Are crypto tokens a negative-sum investment?](/claims/negative-sum.md)
-* [Why do people invest in crypto tokens?](../claims/why-invest.md)
-* [Why does crypto have such a weird subculture?](/claims/weird-culture.md)
+* [Are crypto tokens a negative-sum investment?](is-negative-sum.md)
+* [Why do people invest in crypto tokens?](is-why-invest.md)
+* [Why does crypto have such a weird subculture?](is-weird-culture.md)
 
 #### Financial Liberty
 
-* [Is an unregulated transnational payment rail even desirable?](../claims/transnational-payment.md)
-* [Are crypto tokens a hedge against the "debasement" of the dollar?](../claims/hedge-debasement.md)
-* [Are crypto tokens a means to counter authoritarianism?](../claims/authoritarianism.md)
+* [Is an unregulated transnational payment rail even desirable?](is-transnational-payment.md)
+* [Are crypto tokens a hedge against the "debasement" of the dollar?](is-hedge-debasement.md)
+* [Are crypto tokens a means to counter authoritarianism?](is-authoritarianism.md)
 * [Can I raise money for my non-profit using crypto tokens?](../claims/is-raise-nonprofit.md)
 * [Can I do a crowdfunded equity raise for my company using crypto tokens?](../claims/is-raise-company.md)
 
 #### Solving Public Goods Problems
 
 * [Is crypto a means to fund public goods projects?](../claims/is-public-goods.md)
-* [Is bitcoin mining harmful to the environment?](../claims/environmental-footprint.md)
+* [Is bitcoin mining harmful to the environment?](is-environmental-footprint.md)
 * [Is crypto bringing about the "financialization of everything"?](../claims/is-hyperfinancialization.md)
 * [Is crypto a giant misallocation of resources with an enormous opportunity cost?](../claims/is-opportunity-cost.md)
 
 #### Financial Innovation
 
-* [Is the underlying technology of "blockchain" useful for non-monetary purposes?](../claims/blockchain-tech.md)
-* [Is web3 even a well-defined term?](../claims/well-defined.md)
-* [Is web3 green?](../claims/web3-green.md)
-* [Is web3 decentralized?](../claims/web3-decentralized.md)
-* [Is web3 the next generation of the internet?](../claims/new-internet.md)
+* [Is the underlying technology of "blockchain" useful for non-monetary purposes?](is-blockchain-tech.md)
+* [Is web3 even a well-defined term?](is-well-defined.md)
+* [Is web3 green?](is-web3-green.md)
+* [Is web3 decentralized?](is-web3-decentralized.md)
+* [Is web3 the next generation of the internet?](is-new-internet.md)
 
 #### Creative Destruction
 

claims/is-bitcoin-esg.md

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ Bitcoin is not compatible with ESG investing.
 
 **Environmental Problems**
 
-* [Environmental footprint of mining](environmental-footprint.md)
+* [Environmental footprint of mining](is-environmental-footprint.md)
 
 **Social Problems**
 
 * [Crypto is a market bubble](is-bubble.md)
 * [Predatory inclusion](is-predatory.md)
-* [Consumer protections](consumer-protections.md)
+* [Consumer protections](is-consumer-protections.md)
 * [Bitcoin is not a currency](is-bitcoin-currency.md)
 * [Private money is not sustainable](is-private-money.md)
 * [Crypto is not build a new financial system](is-new-financial-system.md)

claims/is-environmental-footprint.md

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ Bitcoin [mining](../concepts/mining.md) is enormously harmful to the environment
 
 1. E-waste from discarded or broken ASIC mining equipment, graphics cards and servers.
 2. Carbon release from fossil fuels used to power mining data centres
-3. Opportunity cost of the energy used to run [consensus algorithm](../concepts/consensus-algorithm.md) compared to more efficient of efficient [real time gross settlement systems](../concepts/rtgs.md) and traditional [payment rails](transnational-payment.md) such as SWIFT, SEPA, Visa and ACH.
+3. Opportunity cost of the energy used to run [consensus algorithm](../concepts/consensus-algorithm.md) compared to more efficient of efficient [real time gross settlement systems](../concepts/rtgs.md) and traditional [payment rails](is-transnational-payment.md) such as SWIFT, SEPA, Visa and ACH.
 
-Crypto assets are not [providing access to the unbanked](crypto-unbanked.md) and cannot fulfil even a tiny fraction of the services provided by the global banking sector. Crypto assets like [bitcoin](../concepts/bitcoin.md) are simply a very inefficient and settlement to issue a speculative [cryptoasset](../concepts/cryptoasset.md) used primarily for [gambling](../concepts/gambling.md) and [illicit financing](../concepts/illicit-financing.md).
+Crypto assets are not [providing access to the unbanked](is-crypto-unbanked.md) and cannot fulfil even a tiny fraction of the services provided by the global banking sector. Crypto assets like [bitcoin](../concepts/bitcoin.md) are simply a very inefficient and settlement to issue a speculative [cryptoasset](../concepts/cryptoasset.md) used primarily for [gambling](../concepts/gambling.md) and [illicit financing](../concepts/illicit-financing.md).
 
 BItcoin mining has the equivalent power consumption of the state of Argentina, a country with a population of 45 million people. Bitcoin mining has an e-waste footprint comparable to that of entire population of Germany.
 

claims/is-narrative-economics.md

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ The economist Robert J. Shiller defines [narrative economics](../concepts/narrat
 
 The phenomenon of [cryptoasset](../concepts/cryptoasset.md) and their [bubble](../concepts/bubble.md)  nature is largely driven by narratives, which may differ drastically between projects. These narratives speak to different human needs and beliefs that touch upon ideas as vast as culture, [value](../concepts/value.md), money, art, law, identity and politics.
 
-Bitcoin has a [narrative economics](../claims/narrative-economics.md) based on [libertarianism](../concepts/libertarianism.md), [regulatory arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md) and aspirations of [private money](private-money.md).
+Bitcoin has a [narrative economics](is-narrative-economics.md) based on [libertarianism](../concepts/libertarianism.md), [regulatory arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md) and aspirations of [private money](private-money.md).
 
-Ethereum has a [narrative economics](../claims/narrative-economics.md) based on [technosolutionism](../concepts/technosolutionism.md), [libertarianism](../concepts/libertarianism.md), [regulatory arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md) and aspirations of [private money](private-money.md).
+Ethereum has a [narrative economics](is-narrative-economics.md) based on [technosolutionism](../concepts/technosolutionism.md), [libertarianism](../concepts/libertarianism.md), [regulatory arbitrage](regulatory-arbitrage.md) and aspirations of [private money](private-money.md).
 
 Dogecoin is an example of a crypto asset with no political imaginaries, no [currency](currency.md) narrative, no pretense of [use value](use-value.md), no [fundamental value](fundamental-value.md), and no narrative economics whatsoever. it is a pure manifestation of the [greater fool theory](greater-fool-theory.md) with an investment thesis rooted purely in [financial nihilism](../concepts/financial-nihilism.md).
 

claims/is-nfts-artists.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Since the NFT market depends highly on [sign-value](../concepts/sign-value.md),
 
 Because digital tokens have no inherent value and are not backed by any other asset, hype is crypto's product and those with the most to lose are in the worst positions. NFTs are a form of [predatory inclusion](../concepts/predatory-inclusion.md) that on average does not liberate artists. Instead most artiists will engage in the token sales at a loss, making almost nothing in return. The return and payout structure is similar to that of MLMs which depend on [asymmetric information](../concepts/asymmetric-information.md) to incentiveize a small pool of individuals at the expensive a vast number of others who are victims of the scheme.
 
-On the whole, NFTs create more harm to than good like most [negative-sum](negative-sum.md) investment schemes.
+On the whole, NFTs create more harm to than good like most [is-negative-sum](is-negative-sum.md) investment schemes.
 
 ## References
 1. Olson, Dan. 2022a. Line Goes Up – The Problem With NFTs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ_xWvX1n9g.

claims/is-predatory.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Crypto assets are a form of predatory financial product. Crypto asset [market ma
 
 The price setting by crypto exchanges and [order book](../concepts/order-book.md) design admits extreme forms of [asymmetric information](../concepts/asymmetric-information.md) which privileges an [economic cartel](../concepts/cartel.md) who can manipulate crypto assets to extract wealth from public from unfair market making.
 
-The base economics of crypto assets make them [negative sum](negative-sum.md) which guarantees the amount of loses in the asset class exceed the gains.
+The base economics of crypto assets make them [negative sum](is-negative-sum.md) which guarantees the amount of loses in the asset class exceed the gains.
 
 Crypto assets are thus a form of predatory finance with negative [expected-return](../concepts/expected-return.md) much like [gambling](../concepts/gambling.md) in a rigged casino.
 

claims/is-transnational-payment.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # An unregulated transnational payment is not desirable
 
-The stated aspirations of some crypto projects is to build a global transnational payment system which is [censorship resistant](../concepts/censorship-resistence.md) against nation state actors, effectively allowing parties from any jurisdiction to move value anonymously and with no controls. However from the perspective of civil society this is not desirable since the world already struggles with an excess of offshore tax evasion and dark money flows, as evidenced by the recent Panama Paper leaks.
+The stated aspirations of some crypto projects is to build a global supranational payment system which is [censorship resistant](../concepts/censorship-resistence.md) against nation state actors, effectively allowing parties from any jurisdiction to move value anonymously and with no controls. However from the perspective of civil society this is not desirable since the world already struggles with an excess of offshore tax evasion and dark money flows, as evidenced by the recent Panama Paper leaks.
 
 Today there already exists and enormous [shadow banking](../concepts/shadow-bank.md) space which facilitates the creation of credit and movement of money through jurisdictions with questionable money controls and loose enforcement of policy. Many wealthy individuals avail themselves of this transnational network of trusts and shell companies to avoid paying taxes in their country of residence, opting to instead hide their money abroad in opaque financial structures set up in island nations like the Bahamas or Cayman Islands.
 

claims/is-web3-green.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Is Web3 green?
-Web3 is allegedly based on crypto assets which have a known [environmental footprint](environmental-footprint.md) problem. Therefore web3 is not green.
+Web3 is allegedly based on crypto assets which have a known [environmental footprint](is-environmental-footprint.md) problem. Therefore web3 is not green.
 
-See also [ESG investing and crypto](bitcoin-esg.md), [environmental-footprint](environmental-footprint.md) and [mining](../concepts/mining.md).
+See also [ESG investing and crypto](is-bitcoin-esg.md), [is-environmental-footprint](is-environmental-footprint.md) and [mining](../concepts/mining.md).
 
 ## References
 1. Wanat, Emanuel. 2021. ‘Are Crypto-Assets Green Enough? – An Analysis of Draft EU Regulation on Markets in Crypto Assets from the Perspective of the European Green Deal’. Osteuropa Recht 67 (2): 237–50. https://doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2021-2-237.

claims/is-weird-culture.md

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # Crypto has a weird subculture
 The crypto subculture is an example of a self-organizing [high control group](../concepts/high-control-group.md) whose existence organically creates a market mania, [bubble](../concepts/bubble.md) and [narrative economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md) that entices the public to invest in the asset class or join the group and its subculture.
 
-Since the asset class is [non-productive](../concepts/productive-asset.md) and [negative-sum](negative-sum.md) the crypto scheme entirely depends on attracting new investor inflows based on narratives of "money for nothing" and "easy wealth" that clash with traditional readings of [economics](../concepts/keynsian-economics.md). These schemes may also depend on [technosolutionism](../concepts/technosolutionism.md) or [libertarianism](../concepts/libertarianism.md) to justify bringing more [greater fools](../concepts/greater-fool-theory.md) into the scheme.
+Since the asset class is [non-productive](../concepts/productive-asset.md) and [is-negative-sum](is-negative-sum.md) the crypto scheme entirely depends on attracting new investor inflows based on narratives of "money for nothing" and "easy wealth" that clash with traditional readings of [economics](../concepts/keynsian-economics.md). These schemes may also depend on [technosolutionism](../concepts/technosolutionism.md) or [libertarianism](../concepts/libertarianism.md) to justify bringing more [greater fools](../concepts/greater-fool-theory.md) into the scheme.
 
-Crypto culture depends heavily on a distortion of language to signify belonging to an ingroup and leans heavily on [thought terminating cliches](../concepts/thought-terminating-cliches.md) to quell dissent and rational discourse. Within the crypto [subculture](../claims/weird-culture.md) there are several thought-terminating cliches.
+Crypto culture depends heavily on a distortion of language to signify belonging to an ingroup and leans heavily on [thought terminating cliches](../concepts/thought-terminating-cliches.md) to quell dissent and rational discourse. Within the crypto [subculture](is-weird-culture.md) there are several thought-terminating cliches.
 
 * "have fun staying poor" / "hfsp"
 * "If you don't believe it or don't get it, I don't have the time to try to convince you"

claims/is-well-defined.md

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Web3 has also been described as a means of doing [regulatory arbitrage](regulato
 1. Tante. 2021. ‘The Third Web’. Nodes in a Social Network (blog). 17 December 2021. https://tante.cc/2021/12/17/the-third-web/.
 1. Marlinspike, Moxie. 2022. ‘My First Impressions of Web3’. Moxie Marlinspike. 7 January 2022. https://moxie.org/2022/01/07/web3-first-impressions.html.
 1. Levine, Matt. 2022. ‘Web3 Takes Trust Too’. 10 January 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-01-10/web3-takes-trust-too.
+1. Marx, Paris. n.d. ‘Why Web3, the Blockchain and Crypto Internet, Is Doomed to Fail’. Accessed 29 March 2022. https://www.businessinsider.com/web3-blockchain-crypto-internet-doomed-fail-doesnt-live-up-hype-2022-3?r=US&IR=T.
 1. Soatok. 2021. ‘Against Web3 and Faux-Decentralization’. Dhole Moments. 19 October 2021. https://soatok.blog/2021/10/19/against-web3-and-faux-decentralization/.
 1. Tonelli, Emily. 2022. ‘Internet Guru Tim O’Reilly: Crypto and NFTs Are “Pretty Serious Speculative Bubble”’. Decrypt. 10 February 2022. https://decrypt.co/92676/internet-guru-tim-oreilly-crypto-nfts-serious-speculative-bubble.
 1. Yaffe-Bellany, David. 2022. ‘Millions for Crypto Start-Ups, No Real Names Necessary’. The New York Times, 2 March 2022, sec. Technology. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/technology/cryptocurrency-anonymity-alarm.html.

claims/is-why-invest.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ As has been consistently noted [2,3,8] throughout historical [market manias](../
 
 > A [bubble](../concepts/bubble.md) starts when any group of stocks, in this case those associated with the excitement of the Internet, begin to rise. The updraft encourages [more people](../concepts/bandwagon-bias.md) to buy the stocks, which causes more TV and print coverage, which causes even more people to buy, which creates big profits for early Internet stockholders. The successful investors tell you at cocktail parties how easy it is to get rich, which causes the stocks to rise further, which pulls in larger and larger groups of investors. But the whole mechanism is a kind of [Ponzi scheme](../concepts/ponzi-scheme.md) where more and more credulous investors must be found to buy the stock from the earlier investors. Eventually, one runs out of [greater fools](../concepts/greater-fool-theory.md)
 
-This coupled with the [weird subculture](weird-culture.md) of crypto assets and a [narrative economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md) of belonging to a [high control group](../concepts/high-control-group.md) with the promises of [easy money](../concepts/ponzi-scheme.md) is a psychologically enticing proposition for a large demographic. The synthesis of the market mania and the narrative appeal of the culture and its political [imaginaries](narrative-economics.md) appears to be the main driver of the crypto bubble.
+This coupled with the [weird subculture](is-weird-culture.md) of crypto assets and a [narrative economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md) of belonging to a [high control group](../concepts/high-control-group.md) with the promises of [easy money](../concepts/ponzi-scheme.md) is a psychologically enticing proposition for a large demographic. The synthesis of the market mania and the narrative appeal of the culture and its political [imaginaries](is-narrative-economics.md) appears to be the main driver of the crypto bubble.
 
 There is also a strong sample bias in self-reported winnings of crypto assets. With partipants who make outsized returns [gambling](../concepts/gambling.md) on the [bubble](../concepts/bubble.md) are more likely to report this returns compared to the vast majority of those who lost money as guaranteed by the [negative-sum](../concepts/zero-sum-game.md) dynamics of gambling on [crypto assets](../concepts/cryptoasset.md).
 

concepts/crypto-exchange.md

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ Crypto exchanes are not regulated as [market makers](market-maker.md) or [broker
 
 Many crypto exchanges offer their own [stablecoin](stablecoin.md) whose reserves may be comingled with customer funds.
 
-Crypto exchanges are commonly set up in jurisdictions with loose or corrupt financial regulatory authorities. These include, but are not limited to:
+Crypto exchanges are commonly set up in jurisdictions with loose or corrupt financial regulatory regimes. These include, but are not limited to:
 
 * Antigua 
 * Barbuda
 * Seychelles
 * Malta
 * Jersey
-* Isle of Mann
+* Isle of Man
 * The Bahamas
 * Cayman Islands
 * Singapore

concepts/externalities.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 The problems with crypto assets fall into several categories.
 
 ## Environmental
-1. [Crypto investments that use proof of work have an absurd environmental footprint.](../claims/environmental-footprint.md)
+1. [Crypto investments that use proof of work have an absurd environmental footprint.](../claims/is-environmental-footprint.md)
 2. Crypto investments waste energy that is better spent on more productive enterprises. 
 
 ## Legal

concepts/market-manipulation.md

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ Manipulation of [price formation](price-formation.md) and the natural operation
 ## Front Running
 Using inside information about future orders to preempt market movements and extract from other market participants. 
 
+See [front-running](front-running.md)
+
 ## Insider Trading
 See [asymmetric-information](asymmetric-information.md).
 
@@ -14,15 +16,16 @@ See [wash-trading](wash-trading.md).
 See [pump and dump](pump-and-dump.md).
 
 ## Order Tampering
-Altering of [order-book](order-book.md) to privilege the market maker or a [cartel](cartel.md) of insiders. 
+Altering of [order book](order-book.md) to privilege the market maker or a [cartel](cartel.md) of insiders. 
 
 ## Halting
-Discretionary halting of the [market](market.md) in order to prevent price movement the [market-maker](market-maker.md) does not wish to occur.
+Discretionary halting of the [market](market.md) in order to prevent price movement the [market maker](market-maker.md) does not wish to occur.
 
 ## Redemption Manipulation
 Discretionary restriction of the sale of assets for [currency](currency.md).
 
 ## References
+1. Ostroff, Patricia Kowsmann and Caitlin. 2021. ‘Binance Froze When Bitcoin Crashed. Now Users Want Their Money Back.’ Wall Street Journal, 11 July 2021, sec. Markets. https://www.wsj.com/articles/binance-froze-when-bitcoin-crashed-now-users-want-their-money-back-11626001202.
 1. Lefevre, Edwin. 2004. Reminiscences of a Stock Operator. Vol. 175. John Wiley & Sons.
 1. Dhawan, Anirudh, and Talis J. Putnins. 2020. ‘A New Wolf in Town? Pump-and-Dump Manipulation in Cryptocurrency Markets’. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3670714.
 1. Hamrick, JT, Farhang Rouhi, Arghya Mukherjee, Amir Feder, Neil Gandal, Tyler Moore, and Marie Vasek. 2018a. ‘An Examination of the Cryptocurrency Pump and Dump Ecosystem’. http://ssrn.com/paper=3303365.

concepts/meme-stock.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Examples of memestocks include:
 * Blackburry
 * Bed Bath & Beyond
 
-See also [financial nihilism](financial-nihilism.md).
+See also [financial nihilism](financial-nihilism.md) and [memecoin](memecoin.md).
 
 ## References
 1. Glongloff, Mark. n.d. ‘Bitcoin, GameStop Are More Cults Than Investments’. Bloomberg. Accessed 2 March 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-02/bitcoin-btc-gamestop-gme-are-more-cults-than-investments.

concepts/mining.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ The technical process of confirming transactions in a [blockchain](blockchain.md
 
 [Proof of work](proof-of-work.md) mining is an energy intensive process with a large environmental footprint because of its use of fossil fuels to provide energy for data centres.
 
-See also [environmental footprint of crypto](../claims/environmental-footprint.md), [proof-of-work](proof-of-work.md), and [proof-of-stake](proof-of-stake.md).
+See also [environmental footprint of crypto](../claims/is-environmental-footprint.md), [proof-of-work](proof-of-work.md), and [proof-of-stake](proof-of-stake.md).
 
 ## References
 1. Dindar, B., and Ö. Gül. ‘The Detection of Illicit Cryptocurrency Mining Farms with Innovative Approaches for the Prevention of Electricity Theft’. Energy & Environment, no. April (2021): 0958305X211045066. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305x211045066.

concepts/narrative-economics.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Narrative Economics
 The study of the spread and dynamics of popular narratives, the stories, particularly those of human interest and emotion, and how these change through time, to understand economic fluctuations and markets. A interpretation of economics advanced by the Nobel prize winner Robert Shiller.
 
-See also [narrative economics of crypto](../claims/narrative-economics.md), [bandwagon-bias](bandwagon-bias.md),[endowment-effect](endowment-effect.md), and [Tinkerbell effect](tinkerbell-effect.md).
+See also [narrative economics of crypto](../claims/is-narrative-economics.md), [bandwagon-bias](bandwagon-bias.md),[endowment-effect](endowment-effect.md), and [Tinkerbell effect](tinkerbell-effect.md).
 
 ## References
 * Shiller, Robert J. 2017. ‘Narrative Economics’. American Economic Review 107 (4): 967–1004.

concepts/ponzi-scheme.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ A type of investment fraud in which old investors are paid out from an influx of
 
 The mechanism by which new investors are brought in, and by which the operators remove investors from the scheme may vary between schemes. Ponzi schemes may present as direct investment vehicles such as funds like Bernie Madoff's fund Madoff Investment Securities LLC. Ponzi schemes may also present as a fraudulent [market maker](market-maker.md) where investors are sold [zero income](income-cashflows.md) [greater fool](greater-fool-theory.md) investments and the operators abscond with money through [market manipulation](market-manipulation.md).
 
-Some participants can make money investing in Ponzi schemes, but the basic fact is that most participants will lose money. Thus Investing in Ponzi schemes has a negative [expected return](expected-return.md) and are [negative sum](../claims/negative-sum.md).
+Some participants can make money investing in Ponzi schemes, but the basic fact is that most participants will lose money. Thus Investing in Ponzi schemes has a negative [expected return](expected-return.md) and are [negative sum](../claims/is-negative-sum.md).
 
 [Crypto assets](cryptoasset.md) are often referred to as market-obscured or self-organizing Ponzi schemes because of their nearly identical payout structure.
 

concepts/ponzinomics.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Ponzinomics
-A portmanteau of [Ponzi scheme](ponzi-scheme.md) and economics. A term commonly used to describe [crypto asset](cryptoasset.md) investment schemes which are [negative-sum](../claims/negative-sum.md) investments which exist to enrich a pool of insiders, much like a Ponzi scheme, and yet rely on [techno-obscurantism](techno-obscurantism.md) or crackpot economics to obfuscate or distract from the internal payout structure of the scheme.
+A portmanteau of [Ponzi scheme](ponzi-scheme.md) and economics. A term commonly used to describe [crypto asset](cryptoasset.md) investment schemes which are [is-negative-sum](../claims/is-negative-sum.md) investments which exist to enrich a pool of insiders, much like a Ponzi scheme, and yet rely on [techno-obscurantism](techno-obscurantism.md) or crackpot economics to obfuscate or distract from the internal payout structure of the scheme.
 
 See also [DeFi](defi.md), [pyramid scheme](pyramid-scheme.md), [Ponzi scheme](ponzi-scheme.md), [predatory inclusion](predatory-inclusion.md),  and [multilevel marketing scheme](mlm.md).
 

concepts/proof-of-stake.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ A type of work function used in [blockchain](blockchain.md) [consensus algorithm
 
 Proof of stake has been criticized for being intentionally plutocratic and a scheme that overtly enriches those with existing wealth and early investors in the scheme, thus resulting in [consolidation](distribution-problem.md) of the [crypto asset](cryptoasset.md) into the hands of the few. Proof of stake has also been critized for having a less [censorship resistent](censorship-resistence.md) security model as it may encourage collusion and [cartels](cartel.md).
 
-See also [mining](mining.md), [proof of work](proof-of-work.md),  [environmental footprint of crypto](../claims/environmental-footprint.md).
+See also [mining](mining.md), [proof of work](proof-of-work.md),  [environmental footprint of crypto](../claims/is-environmental-footprint.md).
 
 ## References
 1. Rosenthal, David. n.d. ‘Stanford Lecture on Cryptocurrency’. Accessed 2 March 2022. https://blog.dshr.org/2022/02/ee380-talk.html.

concepts/proof-of-work.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ A type of work function used in [blockchain](blockchain.md) [consensus algorithm
 
 Proof of work mining has been criticized for being intentionally wasteful and consuming vast amounts of silicon resources and compute time.
 
-See also [mining](mining.md), [proof of stake](proof-of-stake.md),  [environmental footprint of crypto](../claims/environmental-footprint.md).
+See also [mining](mining.md), [proof of stake](proof-of-stake.md),  [environmental footprint of crypto](../claims/is-environmental-footprint.md).
 
 ## References
 1. Dindar, B., and Ö. Gül. ‘The Detection of Illicit Cryptocurrency Mining Farms with Innovative Approaches for the Prevention of Electricity Theft’. Energy & Environment, no. April (2021): 0958305X211045066. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305x211045066.

concepts/use-value.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ An example of a [financial asset](financial-asset.md) with no use value is a [st
 
 The [dollar](dollar.md) has no use value and no [fundamental value](fundamental-value.md), however it is a [monetary](money.md) instrument because of its efficacy as a [currency](currency.md).
 
-[Cypto assets](cryptoasset.md) are a [speculative](speculation.md) investment that has both no use value, no [fundamental value](fundamental-value.md) and are also non-monetary. Instead their demand curve is generated from [narrative](../claims/narrative-economics.md) and the [greater fool theory](greater-fool-theory.md).
+[Cypto assets](cryptoasset.md) are a [speculative](speculation.md) investment that has both no use value, no [fundamental value](fundamental-value.md) and are also non-monetary. Instead their demand curve is generated from [narrative](../claims/is-narrative-economics.md) and the [greater fool theory](greater-fool-theory.md).
 
 A historical pathological example of a [ficticious commodity](ficticious-commodity.md), with both no use value and no [fundamental-value](fundamental-value.md), would be [indulgences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indulgence) sold by the medieval church based on [artificial demand](artificial-demand.md) induced by [narrative](narrative-economics.md).
 

concepts/web3.md

@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ It is important to be aware that Web3 both lacks a precise definition and has be
 1. Morozov, Evgeny. 2022. ‘Web3: A Map in Search of Territory’. The Crypto Syllabus. 13 January 2022. https://the-crypto-syllabus.com/web3-a-map-in-search-of-territory/.
 1. Levine, Matt. 2022. ‘Web3 Takes Trust Too’. 10 January 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-01-10/web3-takes-trust-too.
 1. O’Reilly, Tim. 2021. ‘Why It’s Too Early to Get Excited About Web3’. O’Reilly Media. 13 December 2021. https://www.oreilly.com/radar/why-its-too-early-to-get-excited-about-web3/.
+1. Marx, Paris. n.d. ‘Why Web3, the Blockchain and Crypto Internet, Is Doomed to Fail’. Accessed 29 March 2022. https://www.businessinsider.com/web3-blockchain-crypto-internet-doomed-fail-doesnt-live-up-hype-2022-3?r=US&IR=T.

meta/citations-todo.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ First pass
 - [x] [derivative](../concepts/derivative.md)
 - [x] [dex](../concepts/dex.md)
 - [x] [distribution-problem](../concepts/distribution-problem.md)
-- [ ] [enclosure](../concepts/enclosure.md)
+- [x] [enclosure](../concepts/enclosure.md)
 - [x] [exit-scam](../concepts/exit-scam.md)
 - [x] [expected-return](../concepts/expected-return.md)
 

meta/claims-todo.md

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 # Claims TODO
 
-- [x] [authoritarianism](../claims/authoritarianism.md)
-- [x] [web3-decentralized](../claims/web3-decentralized.md)
-- [x] [environmental-footprint](../claims/environmental-footprint.md)
+- [x] [is-authoritarianism](../claims/is-authoritarianism.md)
+- [x] [is-web3-decentralized](../claims/is-web3-decentralized.md)
+- [x] [is-environmental-footprint](../claims/is-environmental-footprint.md)
 - [x] [is-bubble](../claims/is-bubble.md)
 - [x] [narrative-economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md)
-- [x] [digital-gold](../claims/digital-gold.md)
-- [x] [new-internet](../claims/new-internet.md)
-- [x] [risk-to-state](../claims/risk-to-state.md)
+- [x] [is-digital-gold](../claims/is-digital-gold.md)
+- [x] [is-new-internet](../claims/is-new-internet.md)
+- [x] [is-risk-to-state](../claims/is-risk-to-state.md)
 - [x] [systemic-risk](../concepts/systemic-risk.md)
-- [x] [threaten-dollar](../claims/threaten-dollar.md)
+- [x] [is-threat-dollar](../claims/is-threat-dollar.md)
 - [x] [valuation-model](../concepts/valuation-model.md)
-- [x] [what-type-of-asset](../claims/what-type-of-asset.md)
-- [x] [hedge-debasement](../claims/hedge-debasement.md)
+- [x] [is-type-of-asset](../claims/is-type-of-asset.md)
+- [x] [is-hedge-debasement](../claims/is-hedge-debasement.md)
 - [x] [is-better-payments](../claims/is-better-payments.md)
 - [x] [is-collapse](../claims/is-collapse.md)
 - [x] [is-disrupt-hegemony](../claims/is-disrupt-hegemony.md)
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 - [ ] [is-public-goods](../claims/is-public-goods.md)
 - [x] [is-raise-company](../claims/is-raise-company.md)
 - [ ] [is-raise-nonprofit](../claims/is-raise-nonprofit.md)
-- [x] [new-internet](../claims/new-internet.md)
-- [x] [transnational-payment](../claims/transnational-payment.md)
-- [x] [web3-decentralized](../claims/web3-decentralized.md)
-- [x] [web3-green](../claims/web3-green.md)
+- [x] [is-new-internet](../claims/is-new-internet.md)
+- [x] [is-transnational-payment](../claims/is-transnational-payment.md)
+- [x] [is-web3-decentralized](../claims/is-web3-decentralized.md)
+- [x] [is-web3-green](../claims/is-web3-green.md)

meta/intercitations-todo.md

@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ Concepts
 Claims
 
 - [ ] [is-bitcoin-currency](../claims/is-bitcoin-currency.md)
-- [ ] [blockchain-tech](../claims/blockchain-tech.md)
-- [ ] [weird-culture](../claims/weird-culture.md)
-- [ ] [well-defined](../claims/well-defined.md)
+- [ ] [is-blockchain-tech](../claims/is-blockchain-tech.md)
+- [ ] [is-weird-culture](../claims/is-weird-culture.md)
+- [ ] [is-well-defined](../claims/is-well-defined.md)

notes/fintech-incrementalism-and-responsible-innovation.md

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Rufus and Stephen 'steel man' the “fintech incrementalism” position, identif
     * Crypto would exasperate all of these problems. Look how many [DeFi](../concepts/defi.md) projects blow up every week.
       * [Web3isgoinggreat.com](https://web3isgoinggreat.com)
       * Trillions of notional “value” has simply ceased to exist because of software bugs. 
-      * DeFi is a [consumer protection](../claims/consumer-protections.md) nightmare. Elizabeth Warren is right to warn about this.
+      * DeFi is a [consumer protection](../claims/is-consumer-protections.md) nightmare. Elizabeth Warren is right to warn about this.
 * **Claim 6:** "There are a few asset classes that are almost exclusively narrative-driven rather than mathematics or cashflow-driven... With crypto tokens we can create new synthetic assets whose demand curves are artificially generated by different psychological forces."
   * None of our models have any predictive power to [value](../concepts/valuation-model.md) crypto assets that present as investments.
     * **Crypto investments present as sentiment-driven greater-fool products.** 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Rufus and Stephen 'steel man' the “fintech incrementalism” position, identif
   * Jury is still out on whether [permissioned blockchain](../concepts/permissioned-blockchain.md) as a technology removed from token issuance has any applications. The answer seems like no, but if it is yes then it’s probably for mundane things.
     * Corda
     * Walmart Fruit Network project
-    * **This is [not paradigm shifting tech](../claims/blockchain-tech.md).  It’s just more enterprise software running on a server in some bank’s back office.**
+    * **This is [not paradigm shifting tech](../claims/is-blockchain-tech.md).  It’s just more enterprise software running on a server in some bank’s back office.**
 * [Recentralization](../concepts/recentralization.md) is not necessarily progress, especially when it comes attached to bizarre externalities that didn’t exist before and undermine the entire project.
 * Arbitraging [securities](../concepts/security.md) regulation for crowdfunding comes with significant public risk and no clear advantage.
   * Turning everything into an IPO.

notes/market-fundamentalism.md

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Rufus and Stephen end their conversation with an analysis of the market fundamen
 * [market-manipulation](../concepts/market-manipulation.md)
 * [market-value](../concepts/market-value.md)
 * [moral-hazard](../concepts/moral-hazard.md)
-* [narrative-economics](../claims/narrative-economics.md)
+* [is-narrative-economics](../claims/is-narrative-economics.md)
 * [order-book](../concepts/order-book.md)
 * [present-value](../concepts/present-value.md)
 * [pump-and-dump](../concepts/pump-and-dump.md)
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Rufus and Stephen end their conversation with an analysis of the market fundamen
 * [speculation](../concepts/speculation.md)
 * [stock](../concepts/stock.md)
 * [stablecoin](../concepts/stablecoin.md)
-* [valuation-model](../claims/valuation-model.md)
+* [is-valuation-model](../claims/is-valuation-model.md)
 * [wash-trading](../concepts/wash-trading.md)
 * [zero-sum-game](../concepts/zero-sum-game.md)
 

notes/neo-metallism.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ In episode #1 of our ongoing deep dive into web3 and crypto, Rufus Pollock and S
 
 * Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/embed/_o7pRFLzJHY
 * Podcast: https://anchor.fm/life-itself/episodes/Stephen-Diehl-on-Web3--Bitcoin--Neometalism-e1f5rca
-* Wiki topic:  [digital-gold](../claims/digital-gold.md)
+* Wiki topic:  [is-digital-gold](../claims/is-digital-gold.md)
 
 ***
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Rufus and Stephen then evaluate the neo-metallism position, before ending with a
 
 The term neo-metallism stems from metallism, a school of thinking which relates to the connection between money and some form of commodity. 
 
-Neo-metallism argues that cryptocurrencies, and in particular Bitcoin, can and should be the [new gold](../claims/digital-gold.md) - it should be used to fix the monetary supply to the value of this new asset. Just as under the gold standard the value of a given unit of currency (e.g. a pound or dollar) was based on a fixed quantity of gold, neo-metallists argue the value of a unit of currency should be based on a fixed amount of Bitcoin. 
+Neo-metallism argues that cryptocurrencies, and in particular Bitcoin, can and should be the [new gold](../claims/is-digital-gold.md) - it should be used to fix the monetary supply to the value of this new asset. Just as under the gold standard the value of a given unit of currency (e.g. a pound or dollar) was based on a fixed quantity of gold, neo-metallists argue the value of a unit of currency should be based on a fixed amount of Bitcoin. 
 
 
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Bitcoin is Better
 * [private-money](../concepts/private-money.md)
 * [sound-money](../concepts/sound-money.md)
 * [speculation](../concepts/speculation.md)
-* [valuation-model](../claims/valuation-model.md)
+* [is-valuation-model](../claims/is-valuation-model.md)
 * [value](../concepts/value.md)
 * [zero-sum-game](../concepts/zero-sum-game.md)
 

site/content/about.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Finally, this should happen in as constructive, intersectional and (de-polarizin
 
 We think good sensemaking begins by clarifying and agreeing the questions we want to ask -- and, a process for answering them. Here are our starting questions:
 
-* What are the [narratives](../../claims/narrative-economics.md) and claims made for web3, both positive and negative?
+* What are the [narratives](../../claims/is-narrative-economics.md) and claims made for web3, both positive and negative?
 * Based on the theory and evidence at our disposal, how should we evaluate these claims?
 * Given our evaluations, what should we do? Should we support and/or improve web3 technology, or, alternatively, restrict it? How does this differ across different uses (e.g. [DAOs](../../concepts/dao.md) vs [NFTs](../../concepts/nft.md))? How should we do this?
 * More generally, what options are there both in web3 and beyond to fulfil on the aspirations voiced for it? And thus, how should we direct our attention, time and [money](../../concepts/money.md) most effectively to realize these aspirations whether via web3 or other means?
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Third, we provide a high quality “conceptual underlay” with definitions and
 
 ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/life-itself/web3/main/excalidraw/sensemaking-3-layers-2022-03-04.excalidraw.svg)
 
-First, it provides a basic introduction for those coming to the topic with simple, neutral summaries of the key ideas and terms. Second, it provides a base “layer” that underpins the evaluative work and the overall sensemaking effort. For example, suppose you want to evaluate the claim that DAOs can help address the climate crisis. To do that you are going to need contextual material about public goods, [free rider problems](../../concepts/free-rider-problem.md)  – as well as information on what a DAO is! In addition, this is an area where meanings of key terms are crucial and often [ill-defined](../../claims/well-defined.md) for example what exactly do we mean by “collaboration” or “freedom” (and is our meaning shared)? By providing reference material and common definitions we can ground and inform the debate and avoid “talking past each other”.
+First, it provides a basic introduction for those coming to the topic with simple, neutral summaries of the key ideas and terms. Second, it provides a base “layer” that underpins the evaluative work and the overall sensemaking effort. For example, suppose you want to evaluate the claim that DAOs can help address the climate crisis. To do that you are going to need contextual material about public goods, [free rider problems](../../concepts/free-rider-problem.md)  – as well as information on what a DAO is! In addition, this is an area where meanings of key terms are crucial and often [ill-defined](../../claims/is-well-defined.md) for example what exactly do we mean by “collaboration” or “freedom” (and is our meaning shared)? By providing reference material and common definitions we can ground and inform the debate and avoid “talking past each other”.
 
 ![](https://res.cloudinary.com/ds7qslkd0/image/upload/v1647432615/Web3/crypto_for_good_iedlhs.png)