diff --git a/concepts/amm.md b/concepts/amm.md index c3afd3f..323b621 100644 --- a/concepts/amm.md +++ b/concepts/amm.md @@ -1,10 +1,5 @@ ---- -aliases: Automated Market Maker ---- - -# AMM - Automated Market Maker - -Automated Market Maker i.e. an algorithmic platform for trading. +# Automated Market Maker +Automated Market Maker or (AMM) is an algorithmic platform for trading. From https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-is-an-automated-market-maker-amm: diff --git a/concepts/censorship-resistence.md b/concepts/censorship-resistence.md index 77291d4..c416c25 100644 --- a/concepts/censorship-resistence.md +++ b/concepts/censorship-resistence.md @@ -1,2 +1,21 @@ # Censorship Resistance -The claim or aspiration that a [decentralization](decentralization.md) network is resistant to the removal of content or transactions by an outside party or law enforcement. Censorship resistance is often touted as a feature of [blockchain](blockchain.md) and [cryptoasset](cryptoasset.md). \ No newline at end of file +The claim or aspiration that a [decentralization](decentralization.md) network is resistant to the removal of content or transactions by an outside party or law enforcement. Censorship resistance is often touted as a feature of [blockchain](blockchain.md) and [crypto assets](cryptoasset.md). + +## References +* Walch, Angela. 2019. ‘Deconstructing ‘Decentralization’: Exploring the Core Claim of Crypto Systems’. C. Brummer (Ed.), Crypto Assets: Legal and Monetary Perspectives, 1–36. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3326244. +* Allen, Hilary J. 2022. ‘DeFi: Shadow Banking 2.0?’ William & Mary Law Review, Forthcoming. +* Aramonte, Sirio, Wenqian Huang, and Andreas Schrimpf. 2021. ‘DeFi Risks and the Decentralisation Illusion’, 16. +* White, Molly. 2022. ‘Cryptocurrency Off-Ramps, and the Shift towards Centralization’. Molly White. 12 February 2022. https://blog.mollywhite.net/off-ramps/. +* Plant, Luke. 2022. ‘The Technological Case against Bitcoin and Blockchain’. Luke Plant’s Home Page. 5 March 2022. https://lukeplant.me.uk/blog/posts/the-technological-case-against-bitcoin-and-blockchain/. +* Rosenthal, David. n.d. ‘Stanford Lecture on Cryptocurrency’. Accessed 2 March 2022. https://blog.dshr.org/2022/02/ee380-talk.html. +* Arnosti, Nick, and S Matthew Weinberg. 2022. ‘Bitcoin: A Natural Oligopoly’. Management Science. +* Azouvi, Sarah. 2021. ‘Levels of Decentralization and Trust in Cryptocurrencies: Consensus, Governance and Applications’. PhD Thesis, University College London. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10139069/. +* Babu, Asvatha. 2020. ‘Behind the Veil of Decentralization: Analyzing Blockchain Frames and Sponsors in US News’. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3749482. +* Becker, Moritz. 2019. ‘Blockchain and the Promise (s) of Decentralisation : A Sociological Investigation of the Sociotechnical Imaginaries of Blockchain’. In Proceedings of the STS Conference Graz 2019, 6–30. https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-85125-668-0-02. +* Halpin, Harry. 2020. ‘Deconstructing the Decentralization Trilemma’. ICETE 2020 - Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on e-Business and Telecommunications 3: 505–12. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009892405050512. +* Schneider, Nathan. 2019. ‘Decentralization: An Incomplete Ambition’. Journal of Cultural Economy. https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2019.1589553. +* Soatok. 2021. ‘Against Web3 and Faux-Decentralization’. Dhole Moments. 19 October 2021. https://soatok.blog/2021/10/19/against-web3-and-faux-decentralization/. +* Zhang, Zhexi. 2019. ‘The Aesthetics of Decentralization’. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/123614. +* Bailey, Andrew M., Bradley Rettler, and Craig Warmke. 2021. ‘Philosophy, Politics, and Economics of Cryptocurrency II: The Moral Landscape of Monetary Design’. Philosophy Compass 16 (11): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12784. +* Renwick, Robin, and Rob Gleasure. 2021. ‘Those Who Control the Code Control the Rules: How Different Perspectives of Privacy Are Being Written into the Code of Blockchain Systems’. Journal of Information Technology 36 (1): 16–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268396220944406. +* West, Sarah Myers. 2018. ‘Cryptographic Imaginaries and the Networked Public’. Internet Policy Review 7 (2): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.14763/2018.2.792. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/concepts/counterparty-risk.md b/concepts/counterparty-risk.md index ad27f89..907556f 100644 --- a/concepts/counterparty-risk.md +++ b/concepts/counterparty-risk.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ # Counterparty Risk + +## References diff --git a/concepts/money-services-business.md b/concepts/money-services-business.md index c1814cd..efb7ecd 100644 --- a/concepts/money-services-business.md +++ b/concepts/money-services-business.md @@ -1 +1,2 @@ # Money Services Business +## References diff --git a/concepts/money.md b/concepts/money.md index ff018db..2f008de 100644 --- a/concepts/money.md +++ b/concepts/money.md @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ # Money Money is any item or verifiable record that is accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts and payment of national obligations, such as taxes, in a particular jurisdiction. Money is issued by a [central banks](central-banks.md). -The United States dollar is an example of money. +* **Medium of Exchange** - The capacity of an item to expedite trade between a buyer and seller because it is widely accepted as payment for a good or service. +* **Unit of Account** - The capacity of an item, or subdivisions of itself, to function as a numerical monetary unit (*numéraire*) and act as a universal measure of the [market value](market-value.md) of goods, services, and other transactions. +* **Store of Value** - The capacity of an item to retain purchasing power into the future and capacity to be saved with a predictable variance in its [market value](market-value.md) over long time periods. Money is a social technology whose efficacy is based on both its universal acceptance in an economic region and the money's coherence to three properties: -* **Medium of Exchange** - -* **Unit of Account** - -* **Store of Value** - +The United States [dollar](dollar.md) and the Euro are examples of money. ## Qualities @@ -18,4 +18,14 @@ The qualifies of a currency representing money are defined by coherent to three * Divisibility * Uniformity * Limited supply -* Acceptability \ No newline at end of file +* Wide acceptability + +## References +* Eich, Stefan. 2018. ‘The Currency of Politics’. The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes. +* Petz, Marcus. 2020. ‘When Is Money Not a Currency? Developments from Finland of Proto-Community Currencies’. International Journal of Community Currency Research 24 (2): 30–53. +* *‘Private Money vs Totally-Public Money, plus Some History | Financial Times’. n.d. Accessed 20 March 2022. https://www.ft.com/content/40592d6d-5a32-3606-a54f-cdc411e90c20. +* Larue, Louis. 2020. ‘“A Conceptual Framework for Classifying Currencies”.’ International Journal of Community Currency Research 24 (1): 45–60. +* Schroeder, Rolf F. H. 2020. ‘Beyond the Veil of Money: Boundaries as Constitutive Elements of Complementary Currencies’. The Japanese Political Economy 46 (1): 17–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/2329194x.2020.1762499. +* Varoufakis, Yanis. 2021. ‘What Is Money, Really? And Why Bitcoin Is Not the Answer (Even If Blockchain Is Brilliant & Potentially Helpful in Democratising Money)’. Yanis Varoufakis (blog). 2 August 2021. https://www.yanisvaroufakis.eu/2021/08/02/what-is-money/. +* Steele, Graham. 2021. ‘The Miner of Last Resort: Digital Currency, Shadow Money and the Role of the Central Bank’. Technology and Government, Emerald Studies in Media and Communications, Forthcoming. +* Bazzani, Giacomo. 2020. ‘Money as a Tool for Collective Action’. Partecipazione e Conflitto 13 (1): 438–61. https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v13i1p438. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/concepts/narrative-economics.md b/concepts/narrative-economics.md index 588ae73..dd2489a 100644 --- a/concepts/narrative-economics.md +++ b/concepts/narrative-economics.md @@ -1 +1,3 @@ -# Narrative Economics \ No newline at end of file +# Narrative Economics +## References +* Shiller, Robert J. 2017. ‘Narrative Economics’. American Economic Review 107 (4): 967–1004. diff --git a/concepts/pseudonymous.md b/concepts/pseudonymous.md index 714e01b..c41d9c4 100644 --- a/concepts/pseudonymous.md +++ b/concepts/pseudonymous.md @@ -1 +1,14 @@ -# Pseudonymous \ No newline at end of file +# Pseudonymous +The pseudo-privacy property of a crypto [wallet](wallet.md) of having no default direct identity attached to the data stored on a [blockchain](blockchain.md) network. Yet possibly having the capacity to recover the identity of the individual by tracking transactions through [crypto exchanges](cryptoasset.md) which perform [KYC](kyc.md) onboarding to associate wallet addresses with personal identities. + +## References +* Anderson, Patrick D. 2021. ‘Privacy for the Weak, Transparency for the Powerful: The Cypherpunk Ethics of Julian Assange’. Ethics and Information Technology 23 (3): 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-020-09571-x. +* Azouvi, Sarah. 2021. ‘Levels of Decentralization and Trust in Cryptocurrencies: Consensus, Governance and Applications’. PhD Thesis, University College London. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10139069/. +* Bailey, Andrew M., Bradley Rettler, and Craig Warmke. 2021. ‘Philosophy, Politics, and Economics of Cryptocurrency II: The Moral Landscape of Monetary Design’. Philosophy Compass 16 (11): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12784. +* Harvey, John, and Ines Branco-Illodo. 2020. ‘Why Cryptocurrencies Want Privacy: A Review of Political Motivations and Branding Expressed in “Privacy Coin” Whitepapers’. Journal of Political Marketing 19 (1–2): 107–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2019.1652223. +* Jarvis, Craig. 2021. Crypto Wars The Fight for Privacy in the Digital Age: A Political History of Digital Encryption. CBC PRESS. https://www.routledge.com/Crypto-Wars-The-Fight-for-Privacy-in-the-Digital-Age-A-Political-History/Jarvis/p/book/9780367642488. +* Maddox, Alexia, and Luke J Heemsbergen. 2021. ‘Digging in Crypto-Communities’ Future-Making: From Dark to Doge’. M/C Journal 24 (2 SE-). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2755. +* Renwick, Robin, and Rob Gleasure. 2021. ‘Those Who Control the Code Control the Rules: How Different Perspectives of Privacy Are Being Written into the Code of Blockchain Systems’. Journal of Information Technology 36 (1): 16–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268396220944406. +* West, Sarah Myers. 2018. ‘Cryptographic Imaginaries and the Networked Public’. Internet Policy Review 7 (2): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.14763/2018.2.792. +* ———. 2020. ‘Survival of the Cryptic: Tracing Technological Imaginaries across Ideologies, Infrastructures, and Community Practices’. New Media and Society, 1461444820983017. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820983017. +* White, Molly. 2022. ‘Anonymous Cryptocurrency Wallets Are Not So Simple’. Molly White (blog). 12 February 2022. https://blog.mollywhite.net/anonymous-crypto-wallets/. diff --git a/meta/concepts-todo.md b/meta/concepts-todo.md index 027054b..80b6c44 100644 --- a/meta/concepts-todo.md +++ b/meta/concepts-todo.md @@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ First pass -- [ ] [keynsian-economics](../concepts/ideologies/keynsian-economics.md) +- [x] [keynsian-economics](../concepts/ideologies/keynsian-economics.md) - [x] [libertarianism](../concepts/ideologies/libertarianism.md) - [x] [market-fundamentalism](../notes/market-fundamentalism.md) - [x] [marxism](../concepts/ideologies/marxism.md) - [x] [post-state-technocracy](../concepts/ideologies/post-state-technocracy.md) - [x] [techno-collectivism](../concepts/ideologies/techno-collectivism.md) - [x] [technolibertarianism](../concepts/ideologies/technolibertarianism.md) -- [ ] [technosolutionism](../concepts/ideologies/technosolutionism.md) +- [x] [technosolutionism](../concepts/ideologies/technosolutionism.md) - [x] [aml](../concepts/aml.md) - [x] [censorship-resistence](../concepts/censorship-resistence.md) - [x] [defi](../concepts/defi.md) @@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ First pass Second Pass -- [ ] [private-money](../concepts/private-money.md) +- [x] [private-money](../concepts/private-money.md) - [ ] [amm](../concepts/amm.md) - [x] [artificial-scarcity](../concepts/artificial-scarcity.md) - [ ] [assets](../concepts/assets.md) - [x] [bretton-woods](../concepts/bretton-woods.md) - [ ] [broker](../concepts/broker.md) - [ ] [cd](../concepts/cd.md) -- [ ] [commodity](../concepts/commodity.md) +- [x] [commodity](../concepts/commodity.md) - [ ] [counterparty-risk](../concepts/counterparty-risk.md) - [ ] [cross-bridges](../concepts/cross-bridges.md) - [x] [deposit](../concepts/deposit.md) @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Second Pass - [x] [mining](../concepts/mining.md) - [ ] [money-services-business](../concepts/money-services-business.md) - [ ] [mutualization](../concepts/mutualization.md) -- [ ] [narrative-economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md) +- [x] [narrative-economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md) - [ ] [order-book](../concepts/order-book.md) - [ ] [platform-risk](../concepts/platform-risk.md) - [ ] [capital-formation](../concepts/capital-formation.md) @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Second Pass - [ ] [capital-formation](../concepts/capital-formation.md) - [ ] [commercial-paper](../concepts/commercial-paper.md) - [x] [reserve-currency](../concepts/reserve-currency.md) -- [ ] [pseudonymous](../concepts/pseudonymous.md) +- [x] [pseudonymous](../concepts/pseudonymous.md) - [x] [bearer-instrument](../concepts/bearer-instrument.md) - [x] [memecoin](../concepts/memecoin.md) - [x] [paper-wealth](../concepts/paper-wealth.md) @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Claims - [ ] [authoritarianism](../claims/authoritarianism.md) - [ ] [web3-decentralized](../claims/web3-decentralized.md) -- [ ] [environmental-footprint](../claims/environmental-footprint.md) +- [x] [environmental-footprint](../claims/environmental-footprint.md) - [x] [is-bubble](../claims/is-bubble.md) - [ ] [narrative-economics](../concepts/narrative-economics.md) - [x] [digital-gold](../claims/digital-gold.md) @@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ Ideologies - [ ] [accelerationism](../concepts/ideologies/accelerationism.md) - [ ] [capitalism](../concepts/ideologies/capitalism.md) -- [ ] [cryptoanarchism](../concepts/ideologies/cryptoanarchism.md) +- [x] [cryptoanarchism](../concepts/ideologies/cryptoanarchism.md) - [ ] [inevitablism](../concepts/ideologies/inevitablism.md) -- [ ] [keynsian-economics](../concepts/ideologies/keynsian-economics.md) -- [ ] [technolibertarianism](../concepts/ideologies/technolibertarianism.md) -- [ ] [technosolutionism](../concepts/ideologies/technosolutionism.md) \ No newline at end of file +- [x] [keynsian-economics](../concepts/ideologies/keynsian-economics.md) +- [x] [technolibertarianism](../concepts/ideologies/technolibertarianism.md) +- [x] [technosolutionism](../concepts/ideologies/technosolutionism.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/site/pages/about.md b/site/pages/about.md index 77e24d8..5c634a3 100644 --- a/site/pages/about.md +++ b/site/pages/about.md @@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ Finally, this should happen in as constructive, intersectional and (de-polarizin We think good sensemaking begins by clarifying and agreeing the questions we want to ask -- and, a process for answering them. Here are our starting questions: -* What are the narratives and claims made for web3, both positive and negative? +* What are the [narratives](../../claims/narrative-economics.md) and claims made for web3, both positive and negative? * Based on the theory and evidence at our disposal, how should we evaluate these claims? -* Given our evaluations, what should we do? Should we support and/or improve web3 technology, or, alternatively, restrict it? How does this differ across different uses (e.g. DAOs vs NFTs)? How should we do this? +* Given our evaluations, what should we do? Should we support and/or improve web3 technology, or, alternatively, restrict it? How does this differ across different uses (e.g. [DAOs](../../concepts/dao.md) vs [NFTs](../../concepts/nft.md))? How should we do this? * More generally, what options are there both in web3 and beyond to fulfil on the aspirations voiced for it? And thus, how should we direct our attention, time and money most effectively to realize these aspirations whether via web3 or other means? And here is our full structured tree of questions: