"use client" import { useSectionReveal } from "@/hooks/use-section-reveal" const MATRIX = [ { excludability: "Excludable", cells: [ { type: "Private goods", example: "e.g. coffee", column: "rival" as const, }, { type: "Club / toll goods", example: "e.g. museum visit", column: "nonrival" as const, }, { type: "Network goods", example: "e.g. Fortnite", column: "antirival" as const, }, ], }, { excludability: "Non-excludable", cells: [ { type: "Common-pool goods", example: "e.g. ocean fish", column: "rival" as const, }, { type: "Public goods", example: "e.g. public beach", column: "nonrival" as const, }, { type: "Symbiotic goods", example: "e.g. the Internet", column: "antirival" as const, }, ], }, ] export function GoodsMatrixSection() { const sectionRef = useSectionReveal() return (

Beyond Ostrom’s Matrix

Elinor Ostrom mapped the commons as a 2×2 grid. But the network age reveals a third column — goods that grow{" "} more valuable the more people use them.

{/* Matrix Table — Desktop */}
{/* Header row */}
Excludability
Subtractability
Rival
Nonrival
Anti-rival
{/* Data rows */} {MATRIX.map((row, ri) => (
{row.excludability}
{row.cells.map((cell) => (
{cell.type}
{cell.example}
))}
))}
{/* Matrix — Mobile (stacked cards) */}
{MATRIX.map((row) => row.cells.map((cell) => (
{cell.type} {cell.example}
{row.excludability} ·{" "} {cell.column === "antirival" ? "Anti-rival" : cell.column === "nonrival" ? "Nonrival" : "Rival"}
)) )}
{/* Commentary */}

Traditional economics fixates on the left two columns: private goods to buy, public goods to fund, common-pool resources to manage. Ostrom’s Nobel-winning work showed that communities could govern commons without markets or states. But even her framework didn’t fully account for what the network age has revealed.

Anti-rival goods break the scarcity assumption entirely. Unlike rival goods (my use diminishes yours) or nonrival goods (my use doesn’t affect yours), anti-rival goods become more valuable as more people use them. Languages, protocols, networks, shared knowledge bases — the value increases with every participant.

Network goods are anti-rival but excludable — platforms that grow more valuable with users, but that can gate access. This is where most of big tech lives: extracting rent from network effects they didn’t create.

Symbiotic goods are the radical possibility: anti-rival and non-excludable. Goods that get better the more people participate, and that nobody can be locked out of. Open protocols. Shared knowledge commons. Mycelial networks of mutual support. This is where the MycoStack lives — building the infrastructure for a world of symbiotic goods, where abundance is the default and every participant strengthens the whole.

“The forest floor is a symbiotic good. Every organism that joins makes the soil richer for all.”

) }