infinite-agents-public/mapbox_test/mapbox_globe_10

Polio Eradication Progress (1980-2020)

Overview

This interactive globe visualization demonstrates one of the greatest public health achievements in human history: the near-eradication of polio through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). The visualization shows vaccination coverage progression across 70+ countries over 40 years.

Visualization Features

Interactive Timeline

• Year Scrubber: Slide through 1980-2020 to see vaccination coverage evolution
• Play/Pause Controls: Automatic animation showing decade-by-decade progress
• Historical Milestones: Key events displayed for each significant year

Visual Encoding

Color Scheme (Vaccination Coverage):

• Deep Red (#f44336): 0-19% coverage - Critical risk areas
• Orange (#ff9800): 20-39% coverage - Low coverage regions
• Yellow (#ffeb3b): 40-59% coverage - Moderate progress
• Light Green (#8bc34a): 60-79% coverage - Good progress
• Green (#4caf50): 80-100% coverage - Optimal protection
• Dark Green (#1b5e20): Certified polio-free countries

Special Markers:

• Green border (2px): Countries certified polio-free by their region's certification year
• Red border (3px) + Red fill: Endemic countries (Afghanistan & Pakistan in 2020)

Interactive Features

• Click any country: View detailed vaccination statistics
  • Current year coverage
  • 1980 baseline coverage
  • 2020 final coverage
  • Total improvement percentage
  • Certification year (if applicable)
  • Endemic status (if applicable)
• Globe rotation: Automatic slow rotation (pauses on user interaction)
• Real-time statistics: Global coverage, certified countries, endemic count, cases prevented

Data Sources

Primary Data

• WHO/UNICEF Estimates: Coverage of third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine containing polio (DTP3) used as proxy for Pol3
• GPEI Records: Global Polio Eradication Initiative historical data
• WHO Regional Certifications: Official polio-free certification dates by region

Coverage Methodology

Data represents the percentage of 1-year-old children who received three doses of polio vaccine (Pol3) for each year from 1980-2020. Coverage estimates are based on:

• Administrative data from national immunization programs
• WHO/UNICEF joint reporting forms
• Coverage surveys and demographic health surveys

Regional Certification Dates

• Americas: 1994 (Last case: Peru, 1991)
• Western Pacific: 2000 (Including China, Australia, Pacific islands)
• Europe: 2002 (51 countries certified)
• Southeast Asia: 2014 (Including India - major milestone)
• Africa: 2020 (Wild poliovirus eradicated from continent)

Endemic Countries (2020)

Only 2 countries remain with wild poliovirus transmission:

1. Afghanistan: 84% coverage in 2020, ongoing security challenges
2. Pakistan: 90% coverage in 2020, significant progress but transmission continues

Key Historical Milestones

1980 - Pre-GPEI Era

• Global coverage: ~22% (estimated)
• ~400,000 polio cases annually worldwide
• Polio endemic in 125+ countries

1988 - GPEI Launch

• World Health Assembly resolution to eradicate polio
• Only 22% global immunization coverage
• Target: Eradication by year 2000

1991 - Americas Progress

• Last wild poliovirus case in Peru
• Western Hemisphere on path to eradication

1994 - First Regional Certification

• Americas certified polio-free by PAHO
• Demonstrated eradication was achievable

2000 - Western Pacific Certified

• China and Western Pacific region certified
• Massive achievement given population size

2002 - Europe Certified

• 51 European countries certified polio-free
• Further reduced endemic countries

2012 - India's Breakthrough

• India achieves 3 years without polio case
• Previously considered most challenging country

2014 - Southeast Asia Certified

• India's inclusion marks turning point
• Only 3 endemic countries remain (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria)

2020 - Africa Certified

• Wild poliovirus eradicated from African continent
• Nigeria (last African endemic country) certified
• Only Afghanistan and Pakistan remain endemic

Impact Statistics (2020)

Cases Prevented

• 20+ million paralytic polio cases prevented since 1988
• 99.9% reduction in global polio cases
• From 400,000 annual cases (1980s) to ~140 cases (2020)

Vaccination Achievement

• 90% global coverage in 2020 (up from 22% in 1988)
• 2.5 billion children vaccinated through campaigns
• 184 out of 186 countries now polio-free

Economic Impact

• $27 billion in treatment costs avoided
• $40-50 billion total economic benefits
• Prevented lifetime of disability for millions

Technical Implementation

Technologies

• Mapbox GL JS v3.0.1: Globe projection with atmosphere effects
• GeoJSON: Country polygon data with temporal vaccination properties
• Vanilla JavaScript: ES6 modules for clean architecture

Mapbox Features Used

1. Globe Projection: 3D representation with atmospheric effects
2. Dynamic Styling: Choropleth with expression-based coloring
3. Data-Driven Borders: Variable width/color based on certification status
4. Popups: Interactive country details on click
5. Fog Effects: Space atmosphere for visual appeal

Data Structure

Each country feature contains:

{
  name: "Country Name",
  coverage_1980: 22,   // Baseline
  coverage_1985: 35,   // +5 years
  coverage_1990: 48,   // +10 years
  coverage_1995: 61,   // +15 years
  coverage_2000: 74,   // +20 years
  coverage_2005: 82,   // +25 years
  coverage_2010: 88,   // +30 years
  coverage_2015: 92,   // +35 years
  coverage_2020: 95,   // +40 years (final)
  polio_free_year: 2000,  // Certification year or null
  endemic: false          // true only for Afghanistan & Pakistan
}

Educational Value

What This Visualization Teaches

1. Power of Vaccination: Shows dramatic improvement from 22% to 90% global coverage
2. Regional Approach: Different regions certified at different times based on progress
3. Persistence Required: 32+ years from GPEI launch to near-eradication
4. Final Mile Challenge: Last 2 endemic countries show difficulty of reaching 100%
5. Inequality Patterns: Developed nations achieved high coverage faster than developing regions
6. Success Story: One of the most successful public health campaigns in history

Notable Patterns

• Americas led the way: First region certified (1994), showing leadership
• Western Pacific achievement: Despite population size, certified by 2000
• India's transformation: From "impossible" to certified in 2014
• Africa's triumph: Overcame infrastructure challenges to certify in 2020
• Final barriers: Security, conflict, and access issues in Afghanistan/Pakistan

Future Outlook

Path to Eradication

• Focus on Afghanistan and Pakistan
• Improved security and access in conflict zones
• Continued high coverage in certified countries
• Surveillance for vaccine-derived poliovirus

What Success Means

• Would be only the second disease eradicated (after smallpox)
• Annual savings of $1.5 billion in vaccination costs
• Blueprint for other disease eradication efforts

Development

Local Setup

1. Replace Mapbox token in src/index.js
2. Open index.html in web browser
3. No build process required - vanilla JavaScript

Data Updates

To update data, modify src/data/data.js:

• Add new countries to features array
• Update coverage values for different years
• Adjust certification years as regions achieve polio-free status

Credits

Data Sources:

• World Health Organization (WHO)
• UNICEF
• Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)
• CDC Global Immunization Division

Visualization: Mapbox Globe iteration 10 Purpose: Educational demonstration of vaccine impact and public health success Theme: Vaccine-Disease Correlation Analysis - Polio Eradication

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This visualization is part of a series exploring the relationship between vaccination campaigns and disease eradication efforts worldwide.